激光周边虹膜成形术治疗虹膜切除术后暗室俯卧试验阳性的原发性闭角型青光眼

目的　评价激光周边虹膜成形术治疗虹膜切除术后暗室俯卧试验阳性的原发性闭角型青光眼的临床效果。方法　对激光周边虹膜切除术后暗室俯卧试验阳性的 34例 (5 6只眼 )原发性闭角型青光眼 (非眼外引流手术指征 ,前房角粘连 <1/2周前房角范围 )患者行激光周边虹膜成形术。其中急性闭角型青光眼 2 7例 (49只眼 ) ,慢性闭角型青光眼 7例 (7只眼 )。对患者治疗前后的周边前房深度、前房角、眼压、视野及周边虹膜形态进行详细的对比观察 ,并行暗室俯卧试验及散瞳试验检查。患者术后随访 1～ 4年。结果　所有患者治疗后周边前房深度均明显加深 ,静态前房角镜检查小梁网可见范围增宽。随访期间患者未发生高眼压、前房角进行性粘连及视野损害 ,暗室俯卧试验及散瞳试验均阴性。结论　虹膜切除术后暗室俯卧试验阳性的原发性闭角型青光眼的发病机制是当瞳孔散大时 ,异常的周边虹膜组织堵塞小梁网而引起高眼压 ,瞳孔阻滞因素不起主导作用。激光周边虹膜成形术可以明显改变此类青光眼患者 (前房角粘连 <1/2周前房角范围 )的周边虹膜形态 ,从而控制病情进展。     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼随访研究

目的:观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术在原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的作用,评价该治疗方法随访1a疗效的稳定性。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼第1次急性发作患者23例(23眼),局部予以10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼液及5g/L噻吗心安滴眼液各1滴后,行氩激光周边虹膜成形术,眼压控制稳定后5~7d行激光周边虹膜切开术。观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗前及治疗后2h;1,3,6,9,12mo眼压变化;观察相应时间点房角变化;术后1,3,6,9,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验。结果:氩激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为69.43±8.22mmHg,术后2h眼压为15.74±3.09mmHg,随访期间患者未发生高眼压;术前所有23眼前房角镜检查可见前房角关闭,术后2h所有23眼静态前房角镜检查前房角增宽,小梁网可见范围增宽,随访期间各方房角无明显变化;所有患者术后1,3,6,9,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验均为阴性。结论:氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期(不联合使用全身降眼压药物治疗)可迅速、有效、安全降低眼压,重新开放房角,随访1a疗效稳定。     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼3a随访研究

目的:评价氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期疗效及随访3a疗效的稳定性。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼第1次急性发作患者23例23眼,局部予以10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼液及5g/L噻吗心安滴眼液各1滴后,行氩激光周边虹膜成形术,眼压控制稳定后5～7d行激光周边虹膜切开术。观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗前及治疗后2h;1,6,12,24,36mo眼压;观察相应时间点房角变化;术后1,6,12,24,36mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验。结果:氩激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为69.43±8.22mmHg,术后2h眼压为15.74±3.09mmHg,1a随访期间患者未发生高眼压,2,3a部分患者眼压升高;术前所有23眼前房角镜检查可见前房角关闭,术后2h所有23眼静态前房角镜检查前房角增宽,小梁网可见范围增宽,1a随访期间房角无明显变化,2a随访3眼房角较前窄,3a随访又有3眼房角变窄;所有患者术后1,6,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验均为阴性,24mo时2眼阳性,36mo时又有4眼阳性。结论:氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期(不联合使用全身降眼压药物治疗)可迅速、有效、安全降低眼压,重新开放房角,随访1a疗效稳定,随访3a部分患者进展为慢性闭角型青光眼。     

超声生物显微镜评价Nd:YAG激光治疗临床前期闭角型青光眼

目的:应用超声生物显微镜观察急性闭角型青光眼的对侧眼行激光周边虹膜切除术的有效性。方法:72例72眼急性闭角型青光眼的对侧眼行Nd:YAG激光预防性激光周边虹膜切除术,激光治疗前后应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)观测前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)、房角开放距离500(angle o-pening distance,AOD500)和前房角开放度数(anterior angle,AA)。结果:患者术后前房深度、房角开放距离和前房角开放度数明显大于术前,术后1wk的ACD,AOD500,AA与术前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:激光周边虹膜切除术对于无广泛房角粘连和关闭的临床前期闭角型青光眼有预防发作和治疗作用,使用Nd:YAG激光安全可靠。     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

我们应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼取得良好效果 ,现报告如下 :资料与方法 :1998年 9月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼 42例 5 1眼 ,女性 33例 ,男性 9例 ,年龄 5 3～ 73岁 ,平均 6 4岁。临床前期 38眼 ,间歇期 6眼 ,发作期 3眼 ,慢性闭角型青光眼 4眼。慢性闭角型青光眼作暗室试验。随访观察时间 3个月～ 2 4个月。常规作视力、裂隙灯、房角镜、暗室试验和视野检查。眼压控制标准为停用降眼压药物后眼压≤2 .79k Pa,…     

高褶虹膜综合征所致急性闭角型青光眼的UBM特征及其临床治疗

目的探讨由于高褶虹膜综合征所致急性闭角型青光眼(简称急闭)的临床特征及其处理。方法9例18眼激光虹膜造孔术前术后行UBM检查;并据房角关闭范围对发作眼行氩激光周边虹膜成形术或小梁切除术,对侧眼(除1例患者拒绝外)均行氩激光周边虹膜成形术。结果UBM检查显示具有独特的前房角结构;术后随访(6～12)m,14眼周边前房加深,房角粘连范围减轻或重新开放;全部患者眼压均被控制在正常范围内。结论高褶虹膜综合征病人房角结构独特,强调治疗的个性化。     

原发性闭角型青光眼前房动态变化的测量及分析

目的通过动态结合静态角度对暗室俯卧试验后青光眼发作者与阴性者的前房形态变化及解剖特征进行比较。方法采用俯卧位前房形态摄像装置对暗室俯卧试验青光眼的发作者和阴性者摄取试验前后的前房裂隙像,另行A型超声测量及超声生物显微镜（UBM）图像分析。结果试验前2组虹膜曲率半径差异无统计学意义,但试验后发作组虹膜曲率半径变小,差异有统计学意义。发作组的UBM显示房角极其狭窄,虹膜膨隆。结论暗室俯卧试验中,发作者的虹膜曲率半径显著变小,即虹膜显著膨隆,是其区别于阴性组的特征。通过前房动态变化及解剖特征比较,为综合分析原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的发病机制提供依据。     

激光虹膜成形术治疗非瞳孔阻滞型房角关闭

目的观察激光周边虹膜成形术对非瞳孔阻滞型房角关闭的治疗效果。方法病例系列研究:对17例(31只眼)非瞳孔阻滞型原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)于周边虹膜切除术后进行激光周边虹膜成形术治疗,采用超声生物显微镜于术前和术后1周测量房角宽度和虹膜厚度,并应用前房角镜观察房角粘连情况。随访3～17月,平均8月。结果激光周边虹膜成形术后一周,房角开放距离(AOD)较术前明显增大(P<0.01),小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)增宽、部分患者周边虹膜前粘连(PAS)减少、周边虹膜变薄,随诊期间未发现高眼压及前房角进行性粘连。结论激光虹膜成形术可以明显加深非瞳孔阻滞型PACG的周边前房,增宽房角入口,从而预防房角粘连的进一步进展。     

不同房角粘连范围原发性闭角型青光眼激光治疗疗效的初步报告

目的了解激光周边虹膜切开术或联合激光周边虹膜成形术对治疗不同房角粘连状态的原发性闭角型青光眼（VACG）患者的疗效。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象PACG患者80例（128眼）。方法按房角不同状态分为3组：A组为房角未粘连关闭（37眼）;B组为房角粘连关闭小于180°（61眼）;C组为房角粘连关闭≥180°,但无明显青光眼性视神经病变（30眼）。全部患者行激光周边虹膜切开术,对于术后眼压仍〉21mmHg或暗室试验阳性者,联合激光虹膜成形术治疗。术后随访1—4年。主要指标眼压、用药种类、视力。结果3组病例激光治疗前眼压为（15．5±5．23）mmHg,最后的随访眼压为（14．7±2．8）mmHg（t=2．167,P=0．032）;激光治疗后青光眼降眼压用药明显减少（t=13．025,P=0．000）、前房角镜和UBM显示房角不同程度的变宽,激光虹膜切开术后暗室试验阳性者激光虹膜成形术后有91．8％转为阴性。结论本研究结果提示激光周边虹膜切开术或联合激光虹膜成形术不仅对房角粘连关闭小于180°的早期青光眼有效,对房角粘连大于或等于180°的PACG可能同样具有一定的疗效。今后需要前瞻性研究来进一步证实。     

超声生物显微镜对早期闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术后疗效观察

目的：应用超声生物显微镜（UBM）对早期闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术后疗效观察。方法：应用UBM对28例41眼早期闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术前后的观察。对激光虹膜周边切除术后房角增宽不明显的方法。应用UBM对28例41眼早期闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术前后的观察。对激光虹膜周边切除术后房角增宽不明显的患者,局部点0.5%pilocapine后再次复查UBM。结果：83%的急性闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除后,可以达到治愈的目的。50%的慢性闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术后,仍不能完全治愈,局部点0.5%的pilocapine可减少房角粘连的机会。结论：对闭角型青光眼激光虹膜周边切除术后的房角再评价十分重要。     

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

A prospective ultrasound biomicroscopy evaluation of changes in anterior segment morphology after laser iridotomy in Asian eyes

PURPOSE: To prospectively quantify changes in anterior segment morphology after laser iridotomy using gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). DESIGN: Prospective comparative observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five fellow eyes of patients presenting with acute primary angle closure (APAC). METHODS: The fellow eyes of patients presenting with APAC were examined with UBM, A-scan ultrasonography, and optical pachymetry at presentation and 2 weeks after sequential argon/neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). UBM images were analyzed using UBM Pro 2000 software. Baseline measurements were made both under standard lighting conditions and in darkness to look for changes in anterior segment findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of angle opening was measured using the angle-opening distance (AOD) at 250 and 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD250 and AOD500, respectively) and angle recess area (ARA). RESULTS: Fifty-five Asian patients were examined; AOD250, AOD500, and ARA all significantly increased after sequential laser iridotomy (P < 0.002). Gonioscopic grading of the angle opening significantly increased in all 4 quadrants (P < 0.001). The Van Herick grade of limbal anterior chamber depth increased (P < 0.001), whereas the number of eyes classified as occludable decreased (73%-33%, P < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth did not change significantly (2.41 mm +/- 0.28 mm vs. 2.42 mm +/- 0.30 mm, P = 0.43) as measured with optical pachymetry. Increased illumination increased the angle-opening measures, but induced a different alteration in peripheral iris morphology. Illumination-induced changes were greater after iridotomy than before laser treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In Asian eyes at high risk of developing APAC, sequential LPI produced a significant widening of the anterior chamber angle without deepening the anterior chamber centrally. LPI produces changes in iris morphology that are different from those caused by an increase in illumination, indicating that different mechanisms account for angle opening under these 2 conditions.     

激光周边虹膜成形及切除术治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼

目的：探讨激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼的效果和安全性。方法：选取药物治疗24h后眼压仍高于21mmHg的原发性急性闭角型青光眼15例17眼和白内障膨胀期继发的急性闭角型青光眼4例4眼,共19例21眼,采用激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,术后24h观察视力、眼压、角膜、周边前房深度、房角及并发症。结果：所有患者激光术后24h眼压均有大幅度的下降,术前眼压53.09±11.01mmHg,术后24h眼压下降至14.98±4.21mmHg,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01 ）。术后视力由术前手动～0.3提高至0.1～1.0。所有患者角膜水肿减轻或消退,周边前房深度增加,房角不同程度开放。其中虹膜出血11眼（52.4%）,轻度反应性虹膜炎21眼（100%）,无1眼发生角膜灼伤。结论：激光周边虹膜切除联合周边虹膜成形术,是降低药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼眼压的一种安全有效的方法。     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗闭角青光眼的中远期结果

目的 探讨激光周边虹膜成形术治疗闭角青光眼的中远期效果.方法 对UBM显示虹膜根贴靠小梁网的早期闭角青光眼55只眼,实施倍频Nd:YAG(532nm)激光周边虹膜成形术.激光治疗参数:功率300～500mW,暴光时间0.2～0.3s,光斑直径500μm,距虹膜根部500μm在360°范围做24～30个光凝点.术后定期复查视力、眼压、前房角,记录用药指数,并做UBM.结果 激光术后随访(11-39)月(18.6±6.2)月.与术前相比,术后眼压下降均非常显著(F=45.454,P=0.000),用药次数显著减少(F=48.715,P=0.000),AOD500增大亦非常显著(F=46.567,P=0.000).术后1、2、3年房角开放度回退到术前情况的眼数分别约为12%,26%,55%(X2=11.772,P=0.003).结论 LPI术后随时间的推移,闭角青光跟前房角开放度逐渐回缩,降眼压效果也逐渐减弱.     

激光周边虹膜成形术联合周边虹膜切除术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼

目的探讨采用联合激光技术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的疗效。方法对２０例（３７只眼）早期原发性慢性闭角型高褶虹膜型青光眼，一次性行氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合氩激光加ＮｄＹＡＧ激光周边虹膜切除术（联合激光手术）。结果随访８个月至４年零７个月，平均２．７年。１７例（３２只眼）获得满意疗效，在观察期内无青光眼急性发作，眼压从５．８０±１．０４ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）下降到２．７４ｋＰａ以下，周边前房加深，房角增宽，虹膜皱缩，有效地防止了房角的进一步粘连，８６．７％的患者暗室试验转阴性。结论联合激光手术是治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的有效方法之一。     

Comparison between the anterior chamber configuration in the supine position and that in the prone position in patients with narrow angle]

PURPOSE: To determine whether the anterior chamber configuration of patients with narrow angle is changed in the prone position. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 16 eyes of 16 patients whose anterior chamber angle was classified as Shaffer 2 or narrower. The prone position test(PPT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) were performed on every subject. In the UBM examination, the following parameters were measured both in the supine position and in the prone position: the angle-opening distance at 250 microns from scleral spur(AOD 250), the angle-opening distance at 500 microns from scleral spur(AOD 500), the trabecular-iris angle(TIA), and the anterior chamber depth at the center of the cornea(anterior chamber depth, ACD). RESULTS: While the intraocular pressure was higher after PPT than before the test, every subject was evaluated as negative for PPT. Mean value of every parameter examined was lower in the prone position than in the supine position(AOD 250: 114 microns, vs. 128 microns, AOD 500: 121 microns vs. 144 microns, TIA: 12.1 degrees vs. 15.5 degrees, ACD: 1966 microns vs. 2002 microns), and the change in ACD was statistically significant (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber configuration of patients with narrow angle is changed in prone position. Such a change can occur in patients classified as negative for PPT.     

房角关闭机制指导下可疑原发性房角关闭患者激光干预的疗效评价

目的 根据房角关闭的不同机制,对可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者行激光周边虹膜切除（LPI）术或LPI联合激光周边虹膜成形（LPIP）术,通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）评估PACS患者激光早期干预的疗效。设计 前瞻性病例系列。 研究对象2016年1月-11月在河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续就诊的PACS患者50例（65眼）。方法 根据房角关闭的不同机制,通过UBM评估患眼,对所有入选患眼均首先行LPI治疗,术后第3天复查UBM,检查提示仍存在至少一个象限房角呈接触性关闭的患者再进一步联合LPIP治疗。术后3天复查UBM,根据测量的相关参数的前后变化评价治疗效果。主要指标 UBM图像中的中央前房深度（ACD）,巩膜突前500 μm处的房角开放距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）、房角隐窝面积（ARA）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、虹膜厚度（IT）。结果 65眼中,47眼（72.3%）行LPI治疗后3天UBM检查未发现存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,术后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较术前无明显变化（P=0.465）;18眼（27.7%）行LPI术后3天,UBM提示存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,联合LPIP治疗后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较LPI术后减少更明显（P<0.01）。结论 LPI后UBM可用于判断房角关闭的机制,并据此考虑是否联合LPIP,可进一步改善非单纯性瞳孔阻滞机制的可疑房角关闭患者的疗效。     

探讨Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术远期疗效的预测

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术对闭角型青光眼的远期疗效的预测方法。方法对156例（204眼）接受Nd：YAG激光周边虹膜切除术1～5年后的原发性急性闭角型青光眼临床前期、缓解期和原发性慢性闭角型青光眼早期的患眼进行回顾性的多因素分析。其内容包括：手术前后视力、眼压,中央和周边前房深度、前房角形态以及杯盘比值,部分患者还作暗室试验和视野检查。结果204眼术后,30眼（14．7％）1～5年前房角出现新的粘连闭合或原粘连闭合继续扩大,并发生青光眼性的视功能损害。这些失败眼术前都具有前房隐窝浅、虹膜根部附止靠前、虹膜呈爬行性前粘连,或术后周边前房未明显加深,房角未加宽的临床特点。结论正确评估手术前前房角的形态结构和观测手术后周边前房深度的变化是预测激光周边虹膜切除手术远期疗效的方法,是筛选13后会失败的高危眼的两个重要指标。