镇江市电焊作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解镇江市电焊作业的主要职业病危害对工人健康的影响,掌握镇江市电焊行业职业病危害情况,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2003—2008年镇江市有电焊行业的企业监测资料及1914人次（共923人）电焊作业人员健康监护资料进行分析。结果作业场所中共有17．4％的电焊烟尘样品浓度超过国家职业接触限值,其中电焊烟尘最高浓度达51．9mg／m^3。健康监护资料显示,心电图异常698人次,占心电图检查总人次的39．0％;胸片异常378人次,占摄片总人次的21．5％,发现疑似电焊工尘肺病人74人次,占摄片总人次的4．2％,摄片时已确诊的电焊工尘肺病人共计36人次,占摄片总人次的2．1％,新诊断出电焊工尘肺50例,检出率为5．8％。结论该市电焊作业危害严重,已直接损害着工人的身体健康,应及时采取切实有效的综合防治措施。     

无锡市某私营铅蓄电池厂铅作业危害分析

目的监测与评价某私营铅蓄电池厂铅作业相关的职业病危害因素,为后续铅作业人员的个人防护和健康监护提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查方法了解该企业职业卫生管理现状,按GBZ159—2004、GBZ／T160．10～2004和GBZ2．1—2007等对工作场所中铅烟、铅尘进行检测和分析并结合职业健康检查分析影响工作人员血铅浓度的潜在因素。结果该企业存在铅烟、铅尘等职业病危害因素;铅烟、铅尘超标率为92．1％,铅作业人员血铅浓度增高比例为77．5％;铅作业人员血铅浓度与工龄、学历、下班前是否沐浴以及铅作业相关卫生知识知晓率有关（均P〈0．05）。结论该私营企业存在明显的铅作业危害,应改善工作环境,加强作业人员健康宣教及健康防护。     

常州市武进区蓄电池行业职业危害调查

目的掌握常州市武进区蓄电池生产行业铅的职业危害状况,以制定防治对策,控制和减少铅中毒事件的发生。方法武进区对10家存在铅职业危害的企业进行职业卫生学调查,对作业场所空气中铅浓度进行检测,对接触铅作业工人进行健康检查和尿铅测定。结果职业卫生防护基本符合规定要求,合格率为84.60%,作业场所中铅浓度超标率为14.50%,铅烟、铅尘最高浓度为0.270～0.590mg/m3。174人尿铅检查有23人超过生物指标限值,检出率为13.22%,观察对象占4.60%,疑似慢性中毒占体检总人数的8.62%。结论某些铅作业岗位职业危害较严重,已直接损害工人健康,应及时采取切实有效的综合防治措施。     

1994-2003年宁波市鄞州区蓄电池行业铅危害分析

[目的]掌握我区蓄电池行业铅危害情况,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。[方法]对1994—2003年我区铅危害现场监测状况及铅作业人员健康监护资料进行分析。[结果]空气铅浓度平均超标7．2倍,各车间工人尿铅水平与车间空气铅浓度有相关性,铅吸收、轻度和中度中毒的发生率分别为52．0％、10．9%和4．5％。[结论]应改善劳动条件,增强劳动者自我保护意识,控制铅危害。     

1998～2001年泉州市蓄电池行业铅危害调查

对我市3家蓄电池企业调查结果表明,各作业点铅烟、铅尘平均浓度超过国家标准的5．2—92.8倍,慢性轻度和中度铅中毒占11．9％—17．1％,说明该行业铅危害非常严重。     

某市铅冶炼厂职业危害状况调查

目的掌握某市铅冶炼生产企业的职业危害状况,为控制职业病提供依据。方法对该企业的职业卫生基本情况、生产作业环境及作业工人的健康情况进行全面调查。结果该企业生产环境中存在铅尘、铅烟、气温、气湿、气压等职业危害因素。其中生产作业场所各工种铅尘最高点浓度超过国家卫生标准22倍,铅烟最高点浓度超过国家卫生标准63倍。尿铅测定值高于正常成人参考值上限者41人,占受检人数的20.2%;检出铅中毒观察对象12例。结论该企业生产作业环境卫生状况不容乐观,铅尘、铅烟是铅冶炼生产企业生产作业环境的主要职业危害因素,危害性强,建议企业应加强职业病防护措施,降低职业危害。     

2004-2008年某蓄电池生产企业铅职业危害调查

目的 了解常熟市某蓄电池企业生产性铅污染对工人健康的影响,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 采用现场调查及实验室检测相结合的方法,对2004-2008年某蓄电池生产企业铅作业情况进行调查.结果 生产环境中大多数检测点的铅浓度超过国家卫生标准.其中,蓄电池制造车间铅烟最高浓度为1.03 mg/m3,铅尘最高浓度为4.80 mg/m3.2004-2008年在岗职工定期健康检查中发现尿铅升高255人,异常率达54.4%,其中达到观察对象尿铅水平119人,达到轻度铅中毒尿铅水平136人.红细胞和血红蛋白也有不同程度的降低.结论 该蓄电池生产企业的生产车间多数检测点铅烟、铅尘超标,职工定期健康检查尿铅升高明显,铅职业危害情况比较严重.     

云南省某炼铁厂铅危害现状调查

目的从源头控制和消除铅危害，并为企业职业病管理提供科学依据。方法采用对某炼铁厂现场调查、作业场所铅烟检测、接铅作业人员职业健康监护等方法。结果1、2、3号高炉炉前铅烟浓度分别为0．64—5．40m／m^3、0．10—5．72mg／m^3、0．273—0．538mg／m^3；在受检的152人中，发现铅中毒83例。结论炼铁高炉前铅烟浓度明显超标，铅中毒检出率达54．6％，该炼铁厂铅危害严重。     

云南省某炼铁厂铅危害现状调查

目的从源头控制和消除铅危害，并为企业职业病管理提供科学依据。方法采用对某炼铁厂现场调查、作业场所铅烟检测、接铅作业人员职业健康监护等方法。结果1、2、3号高炉炉前铅烟浓度分别为0．64—5．40m／m^3、0．10—5．72mg／m^3、0．273—0．538mg／m^3；在受检的152人中，发现铅中毒83例。结论炼铁高炉前铅烟浓度明显超标，铅中毒检出率达54．6％，该炼铁厂铅危害严重。     

某县级市蓄电池企业铅的职业危害调查

目的了解某市蓄电池企业生产性铅污染对工人健康的影响。方法采用现场调查及实验室检测相结合的方法,对该市所属蓄电池生产企业铅作业情况进行调查。结果生产环境中大多数检测点的铅浓度超过国家卫生标准。其中,蓄电池制造车间铅烟最高浓度为1．8mg／m^3,平均浓度为0．19mg／m^3;铅尘最高浓度为3．4mg／m^3,平均浓度为0．228mg／m^3,最高超标倍数为67倍。2006年在岗职工定期健康检查中发现尿铅异常178人,检出率高达95．19％,其中铅吸收19人,达到轻度铅中毒尿铅水平158人,达到中度铅中毒尿铅水平1人。最高尿铅含量达13．04μmol／L,超过国家尿铅允许值（0．34μmol/L）38．35倍,红细胞和血红蛋白也有不同程度的降低。结论该市蓄电池生产行业的生产车间多数检测点铅烟、铅尘超标,职工定期健康检查尿铅异常明显,铅职业危害情况比较严重。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.