左旋多巴对形觉剥夺性弱视幼猫图形视觉诱发电位的影响

目的观察左旋多巴对形觉剥夺弱视幼猫图形视觉诱发电位的影响.方法 40只4周龄幼猫分为正常组、单眼剥夺组、对照组、左旋多巴组,每组10只,通过单眼眼睑缝合制备形觉剥夺的弱视模型,观察不同干预条件下各组图形视觉诱发电位（PVEP）的P100波的峰时及振幅的变化.结果剥夺组、对照组剥夺眼P100波峰时值延长,振幅降低,与正常组及对侧眼比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,左旋多巴组双眼P-VEP各项指标与正常组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论左旋多巴能缩短弱视眼的P100波峰时及提高P100波的振幅,能促进弱视眼传导和感觉功能的改善.     

氟西汀治疗形觉剥夺性弱视猫的视觉电生理研究

目的：研究新生猫制作形觉剥夺性弱视模型,采用图形视觉诱发电位检测氟西汀治疗前后的弱视猫,了解特征峰潜伏期和波幅的变化,进而观察氟西汀治疗形觉剥夺弱视猫的效果。方法采用德国Roland视觉电生理仪,对3例正常对照组猫和15例形觉剥夺性弱视猫建模12周,喂养氟西汀后4、8、12、16、20周进行图形视觉诱发电位的检测,对特征峰进行潜伏期和波幅的比较。结果正常对照组P波的潜伏期（48.33±3.51） ms,波幅（55.69±3.52）nV,单眼形觉剥夺猫P波的潜伏期（58.23±4.62）ms,波幅（38.24±2.96）nV,与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。氟西汀治疗4、8周时,P波的潜伏期较治疗前稍缩短,波幅稍增加,与氟西汀治疗前之间差异无统计学意义。治疗12、16、20周时,P波的潜伏期缩短,波幅增加,与氟西汀治疗前的形觉剥夺猫之间差异有统计学意义。结论氟西汀治疗形觉剥夺弱视猫能使其视觉电生理P波的潜伏期缩短,波幅增加,其变化过程类同于人类儿童弱视治愈过程中视觉电生理P波的潜伏期和波幅的变化趋势。     

Egr-1在单眼形觉剥夺性弱视幼猫视皮质中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨Egr-1在单眼形觉剥夺性弱视幼猫视皮质中的表达及其意义.方法:将30只3周龄健康幼猫随机分成形觉剥夺组与对照组,每组15只.饲养于自然光照下,将剥夺组幼猫通过黑色不透明遮盖布遮盖右眼.于遮盖前和遮盖后的第1、3、5周对所有幼猫行图形视觉诱发电位(PVEP)检查;遮盖后第5周PVEP检测完成后,处死幼猫,根据《猫解剖彩色图谱》,取视皮质,行HE染色和免疫组织化学检测,利用Image-Pro Plus统计并分析其阳性细胞数与平均光密度值.结果:PVEP检测显示,遮盖后第3周和第5周,剥夺组右眼P100波潜伏期高于剥夺组左眼(P<0.05)和对照组右眼(P<0.05),振幅下降(P<0.05).免疫组化显示,Egr-1在两组幼猫视皮质中均有阳性表达;遮盖5周后剥夺组视皮质中Egr-1阳性细胞数与平均光密度值均低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:单眼形觉剥夺性弱视会导致视皮质内的Egr-1蛋白表达量下降,促进弱视的发生发展.     

血管活性肠肽在单眼视觉剥夺性弱视幼猫 外侧膝状体中的表达

目的 比较视觉剥夺性弱视幼猫和正常幼猫外侧膝状体中血管活性肠肽（VIP）的表达差异,探 讨外侧膝状体中VIP 在弱视发病中的意义。方法 健康3 周龄幼猫30 只,排除屈光介质混浊及眼底异常。 随机分为对照组和剥夺组,每组15 只,均饲养在光照充足环境中。麻醉剥夺组幼猫后,予以黑色不透光眼罩 遮盖右眼。定期行图形视觉诱发电位（PVEP）检测。6 周龄时经PVEP 检测弱视模型复制成功后,根据猫脑 Sinder 立体定位图,切取对照组及剥夺组幼猫的右侧外侧膝状体,分别行VIP 免疫组织化学和VIP mRNA 原 位杂交。利用数据分析软件统计阳性细胞数和阳性细胞数平均光密度值。结果 6 周龄时,剥夺组右眼P100 波 潜伏期较对照组右眼和剥夺组左眼延长（P <0.05）,而振幅降低（P <0.05）。剥夺组VIP 免疫组织化学和VIP mRNA 原位杂交的阳性细胞数及阳性细胞平均光密度值降低（P <0.05）。结论 视觉剥夺导致外侧膝状体中 VIP 表达下降,VIP 减少又影响外侧膝状体中神经元功能的正常表达,表明VIP 在视觉发育中有重要作用。     

高血糖合并形觉剥夺性近视/弱视小鼠模型的建立

目的探讨高血糖合并形觉剥夺性近视/弱视小鼠模型的制备方法。方法选取1周龄的BALB/cJ小鼠30只,通过查随机数字表分为3组,每组10只:正常对照组、诱发高血糖组、诱发高血糖联合形觉剥夺性近视/弱视组。右眼睑缝和建立形觉剥夺性近视/弱视,腹腔多次小剂量注射链脲菌素(STZ)诱发高血糖。结果成功建立形觉剥夺性近视/弱视与高血糖小鼠模型;与对照组相比,诱发高血糖小鼠的血糖[高血糖组(20.66±3.51)mmol/L,高血糖合并形觉剥夺性近视/弱视组(21.05±5.91)mmol/L]、体质量均显著改变[对照组(26.90±4.38)g,高血糖组(18.02±3.90)g,高血糖合并形觉剥夺性近视/弱视组(15.87±5.61)g;P<0.01]。缝合眼睑小鼠右眼眼轴长度、屈光度[(3.348±0.018)mm,(9.05±1.42)D]与对照组[(3.310±0.041)mm,(11.80±2.24)D]相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论缝合眼睑联合STZ小剂量多次腹腔注射是一种可靠的制备高血糖合并形觉剥夺性近视/弱视小鼠模型的方法。     

发育期单眼形觉剥夺弱视模型猫视皮层谷氨酸受体状况的研究

目的 观察单眼形觉剥夺性弱视动物模型谷氨酸受体(GluRs)的变化,探索形觉剥夺性弱视发生的物质基础.方法 11只初生家养猫随机分为两组,处理组在3周龄时缝合单侧眼睑塑造单眼形觉剥夺性弱视模型,3月后用受体的放射性配体结合分析实验观测视皮层GluRs的结合位点数和亲和力.对照组未予特殊处理.结果 处理组视皮层GluRs结合位点数较对照组下降(P＜0.001),而KD值高于对照组(P＜0.001).两组放射性配体-受体结合实验的Hill系数均接近于1.L-[3,4-~3H]-谷氨酸与各型GluRs结合位点的亲和力相同,无正负协同效应.结论 单眼形觉剥夺性弱视动物模型视皮层GluRs亲和力低,GluRs参数出现异常,说明形觉剥夺性弱视的发生可能有一定的物质基础.     

棉耳绒猴弱视模型的建立

绒猴是小形体的灵长类动物,David L[1]对生后7~14 d的恒河猴,单眼形觉剥夺2周就能有眼球运动功能和视力的异常。本实验试图阐述单眼形觉剥夺1周以后能否实现棉耳绒猴PVEP的变化,以探讨形觉剥夺1周制作弱视模型的可行性。1材料与方法1.1实验动物8~10周棉耳绒猴2只,氯胺酮全麻状态下,分别于枕骨粗隆上方2·5 mm、前额鼻根上方、左耳放置作用电极,参考电极,地电极。1.2电生理记录视觉诱发电位(pattern visualevoked potential,PVEP)[2]采用棋盘格反转刺激,距离50cm,刺激模式空间频率为1,°15′,时间频率是1Hz,对比度97%,记录时间300 ms,叠…     

视觉发育可塑性关键期后弱视大鼠视皮质c-fos的表达

目的 观察双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠光照刺激诱导视皮质神经元c-fos表迭情况,探讨已过视觉发育可塑性关键期的弱视大鼠视皮质内视觉可塑性的存留程度.方法 14日龄SD大鼠共21只,随机分为无光照弱视组8只、光照弱视组8只和正常对照组5只,弱视组行双侧眼睑缝合术建立双眼形觉剥夺性弱视模型.饲养至100日龄后光照弱视组和对照组暴露于外界光线中0.5 h,无光照弱视组不接触光线.取材后采用Nissl染色法及电镜观察3组视皮质神经元的形态改变,并用免疫组化技术检测c-fos蛋白表达情况.结果 ①弱视组视皮质神经元比正常组体积变小:②超微结构显示:弱视组视皮质出现早期类凋亡改变的神经元;③光照弱视组视皮质内Ⅱ～Ⅳ层各层中c-fos免疫刚性神经元密度明显高于另外两组(P＜0.05).结论 双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠视皮质经光照刺激诱导c-fos表达增加,提示已过视觉发育敏感期成年大鼠的视皮质仍存留一定程度的视觉可塑性.     

视觉发育可塑性关键期后弱视大鼠视皮质c-fos的表达

目的 观察双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠光照刺激诱导视皮质神经元C-los表达情况，探讨已过视觉发育可塑性关键期的弱视大鼠视皮质内视觉可塑性的存留程度。方法 14日龄SD大鼠共21只，随机分为无光照弱视组8只、光照弱视组8只和正常对照组5只，弱视组行双侧眼睑缝合术建立双眼形觉剥夺性弱视模型。饲养至100日龄后光照弱视组和对照组暴露于外界光线中0．5h，无光照弱视组不接触光线。取材后采用Nissl染色法及电镜观察3组视皮质神经元的形态改变，并用免疫组化技术检测C-fos蛋白表达情况。结果 ①弱视组视皮质神经元比正常组体积变小：②超微结构显示：弱视组视皮质出现早期类凋亡改变的神经元；③光照弱视组视皮质内Ⅱ～Ⅳ层各层中C-fos免疫刚性神经元密度明显高于另外两组（P〈0．05）。结论 双眼形觉剥夺性弱视成年大鼠视皮质经光照刺激诱导c-los表达增加，提示已过视觉发育敏感期成年大鼠的视皮质仍存留一定程度的视觉可塑性。     

弱视猫视皮质17区神经元c－fos基因表达特性实验研究

本实验利用ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因在兴奋神经元核表达特性，以记录弱视猫ＰＶＥＰ变化为依据，在给实验眼运动光栅视刺激后，应用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ技术对基因表达产物ｆｏｓ全白染色，并由计算机图像分析正常、单眼内斜、单眼剥夺各组幼猫视皮质１７区Ⅳ层ｆｏｓ免疫阳性神经无数和灰度变化。从分子生物学角度探讨弱视发病机制，以阐明视觉敏感期视紊乱及形觉剥夺对视皮质发育的影响。结果提示：①弱视猫的ＰＶＥＰ改变与视皮质损害程度相符。②弱视视皮质病理生理缺陷确有神经分子生物化学基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.