细胞因子基因多态性指导肾移植术后免疫抑制剂应用的意义

目的：探讨细胞因子基因多态性在指导肾移植术后免疫抑制个体化用药中的意义。方法：用序列特异引物聚合酶链反应（PCR－SSP）方法，对126例肾移植受者进行细胞因子基因型检测，根据细胞因子基因型与免疫抑制剂的不同使用剂量进行分组，比较各组急性排斥反应的发生率，结果：肿瘤坏死因子（TNF－α）高分泌基因型的患者，使用中，低剂量CsA，急性排斥反应的发生率显著高于其它组合（P＜0．01），TNF－α低分泌基因型者使用高剂量CsA，急性排斥反应的发生率与使用中剂量CsA者的差异无显著性（P＜0．05，IL－10高＋中分泌基因型者使用中，低剂量CsA，急性排斥反应的发生率显著高于其组合（P＜0．01），IL－10低分泌基因型者使用高剂量CsA，急性排斥反应的发生率与使用中剂量CsA者的差异无显著性（P＞0．05），结论：常规检测细胞因子基因型对于肾移植术后制定免疫抑制治疗的个体化用药方案具有重要意义。ααα     

两种免疫抑制方案在肾移植中应用的不良反应对比分析

目的 评价免疫抑制剂的不同组合在肾移植中应用的安全性。方法 回顾分析肾移植患者的临床资料，术后采用环孢素A(CsA)、硫唑嘌呤(Aza)及泼尼松(Pred)三联用药预防排斥反应者37例(Aza组)，采用CsA、霉酚酸酯(MMF)及Pred三联用药者35例(MMF组)。比较分析两个组用药后的药物不良反应。结果 在消化道反应、白细胞减少、全血细胞减少以及继发感染发生率等方面，MMF组与Aza组的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，而肝功能损伤的发生率，Aza组明显高于MMF组(P＜0．05)。结论 在药物性肝损伤方面，以MMF、CsA及Pred组成的免疫抑制方案较CsA、Aza及Pred方案相对安全。     

肾移植术后三种免疫抑制方案不良反应的对比研究

目的：评价不同免疫抑制方案在肾移植中应用的安全性。方法：采用前瞻性、随机、对照研究。根据肾移植术后所用免疫抑制方案将180例肾移植患者随机分为3组,A组：环孢霉素A（CsA）十霉酚酸酯（MMF）＋泼尼松（Pred）;B组：普乐可复（FK506）＋MMF＋Pred;C组：CsA＋硫唑嘌呤（Aza）＋Pred。术后随访18～62个月,观察3组用药后的药物不良反应。结果：在不良反应总发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（x^2=20．05,P％0．05）。在胃肠道反应、肾移植术后糖尿病、感染发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异无统计学意义（x^2=5．07,P〉0．05）;而在肾毒性、高血压发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,C组明显高于A、B组;在多毛、牙龈增生、骨髓抑制、高血脂、肝毒性的发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,A、C组明显高于B组。结论：在药物不良反应方面,以FK506、MMF、Pred组成的免疫抑制方案较CsA、MMF、Pred方案和CsA、Aza、Pred方案相对专伞。     

肿瘤坏死因子基因型多态性与肾移植受者急性排斥反应的关系

目的：探讨肾移植受者外周血中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）基因多态性与急性排斥反应的关系。方法：应用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（PCR—SSP）测定62例肾移植受者外周血中TNF-α的基因型,并结合供受者HLA配型情况,比较各基因型对急性排斥反应发生率的影响。结果：在HLA—DR错配的情况下,TNF—α等位基因为高分泌型者,其术后急性排斥反应发生率较低分泌型者高（P〈0．05）。结论：TNF-α基因型对肾移植排斥反应发生率有明显影响,可据此或可制定更为合理的个体化免疫抑制治疗方案。     

未透析的尿毒症患者直接进行肾移植的临床可行性研究

目的 探讨未透析的尿毒症患者直接进行肾移植的临床可行性和优越性。方法 回顾性分析146例未透析直接行肾移植的尿毒症患者（未透析组）和同期653例透析后肾移植患者（透析组）的临床资料，并将两组资料进行统计学比较。结果 未透析组和透析组术前肝炎病毒感染率分别为5．48％和19．14％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。未透析组和透析组术后血肌酐恢复正常的时间及术后1个月的血红蛋白和白蛋白水平差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。未透析组术后急性排斥反应、肾功能延迟恢复和肝功能损害的发生率分别为19．18％、6．16％和9．59％，透析组分别为33．54％、13．02％和25．57％，2组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；2组患者术后高血压和感染的发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。未透析组人／肾1年存活率均为98．63％，3年存活率均为95．95％。透析组人／肾1年存活率为97．24％／95．71％，3年存活率为94．37％／89．20％；2组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 未透析患者肾移植与透析后肾移植的临床治疗效果相当，并可避免透析的并发症和输血致敏，且术后急性排斥发生率低。因此，未透析的尿毒症患者直接行肾移植具有较明显的优势，临床上是完全可行的。     

免疫球蛋白辅助治疗肾移植术后肺炎

目的 评价静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)辅助治疗肾移植术后肺炎的效果和安全性.方法 将60例肾移植术后发生肺炎的患者分为两组,在常规针对病原体治疗(抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌)和调整免疫抑制方案的基础上,28例IVIG组患者辅以小剂量免疫球蛋白(0.2 g·kg-1·d-1)治疗.观察IVIG组和对照组患者普通肺炎的治疗有效率和重症肺炎发生率,以及IVIG治疗前后患者血清肌酐水平、血清IgG浓度以及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,判断不良反应的发生率.结果 IVIG组和对照组患者普通肺炎的治疗有效率分别为100％和93.75％ (P＜0.05),重症肺炎的发生率分别为0和12.5％ (P＜0.05),死亡率分别为0和6.25％ (P＜0.05);IVIG组治疗后血清IgG浓度显著升高,并明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);IVIG组未发生明显不良反应.结论 肾移植术后肺炎发病早期联合应用IVIG辅助治疗安全有效,能阻止肺炎发展,降低重症肺炎发生率和患者死亡率.     

无透析肾移植与透析后肾移植临床效果的对比研究

目的　比较透析后肾移植与无透析肾移植的临床效果 ,探讨无透析肾移植的安全性与优越性。　方法　回顾分析 1999年 1月到 2 0 0 3年 1月接受无透析肾移植并定期随访的病例 5 0例 ,选择透析后行肾移植病例 5 0例作为对照 ,2组病例年龄、性别、血型、冷 (热 )缺血时间、人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)配型、原发病、免疫抑制治疗方案等条件相匹配 ,比较 2组病例肾移植术后急、慢性排斥反应和移植肾功能延迟恢复的发生率以及人 /肾存活率。　结果　无透析组中术前曾接受输血者 14例( 2 8% ) ,透析组术前接受输血者 32例 ( 6 4 % ) ,2组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。无透析组 1年、3年人 /肾存活率均为 10 0 % ,透析组术后 1年、3年人 /肾存活率分别为 10 0 % / 98% ( 5 0 / 4 9)、96 % / 94 % ( 4 8/ 4 7) ,2组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。无透析组术后发生急性排斥反应 3例 ,透析组 5例 ,2组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 2 5 ) ;术后发生移植肾功能延迟恢复无透析组为 6例 ,透析组为 12例 ,2组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　无透析肾移植可以减少患者术前透析及输血带来的潜在危险 ,同时能降低术后排斥反应发生率 ,有助于术后移植肾功能的恢复 ,提高移植肾长期存活     

全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门癌的远期疗效

目的 探讨全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门癌的临床价值。方法对513例胃底贲门癌患者施行根治性手术,其中全胃切除术(TG组)326例,近侧胃大部切除术(PG组)187例。对2组患者的5、10年生存率,以及术后并发症的发生率和病死率进行对照分析。结果TG组5、10年生存率分别为43．6％、24．5％,明显高于。PG组的33．9％、14．1％,2组比较差异具有显著性意义(X^2=4．421、P＜0．05,X^2=5．726、P＜0．05)。TG组术后并发症的发生率和病死率分别为14．7％、3．1％,PG组分别为10．2％、2．1％,2组比较差异无显著性意义(X^2=1．796、P＞0．05,X^2=0．082、P＞0．05)。结论对于肿瘤大于3．0cm或有淋巴结转移的Ⅲ期胃底贲门癌患者,应施行全胃切除术,以提高远期疗效。全胃切除术不但不会增加术后并发症发生率和病死率,而且能有效地防止术后返流性食管炎的发生。     

亲属活体供肾移植与尸体供肾移植的临床疗效比较

目的比较HLA配型和免疫抑制方案相同情况下亲属活体供肾移植与尸体供。肾移植的临床效果。方法对12例亲属活体供肾移植供、受者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并与22例同期进行的、HLA配型情况相近的尸体供肾移植的临床资料进行对比，分析各组术后人／肾1年及3年存活率、1年内急性排斥反应发生率及3年内的。肾功能。结果12例供者均无手术并发症，术后肾功能正常，生活及工作未受明显影响。术后1年内的急性排斥反应发生率，亲属活体供。肾组和尸体供。肾组分别为16．7％和22．7％（P〈0．05）；人／肾1年和3年存活率，亲属活体供肾组分别为100％（12／12）／91．7％（11／12）和91．7％（11／12）／83．3％（10／12），尸体供。肾组分别为100％（22／22）／90．9％（20／22）和95．4％（21／22）／86．4％（19／22），两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；3年内的。肾功能，亲属活体供肾移植组明显优于尸体供肾移植组（P〈0．05）。结论在HLA配型和免疫抑制方案相同的情况下，亲属活体供。肾移植的临床效果优于尸体供。肾移植。     

标准大骨瓣开颅手术对重型创伤性颅脑损伤所致颅内血肿的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨标准大骨瓣开颅手术对重型创伤性颅脑损伤所致颅内血肿（sTBI）患者的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和炎症因子的影响。方法将64例 sTBI 患者按照奇偶数字法随机分为常规手术组（常规组）与标准大骨瓣开颅手术组（标准组）,各32例。比较两组术后格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）、手术前后血清各炎性因子（IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1、IL-10）及神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化情况、术后并发症发生率。结果标准组 GOS 评分情况显著优于常规组（P ＜0．05）;常规组治疗后 IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1及 NSE 水平较治疗前均显著降低（P ＜0．05）,标准组治疗后 IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1及 NSE 水平较治疗前均显著降低（P ＜0．05,P ＜0．01）,IL-10水平较治疗前显著升高（P ＜0．05）;常规组术后出现3例脑脊液漏、4例切口疝,标准组术后出现2例脑脊液漏、3例切口疝,二者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论各炎症因子与 NSE 在急性创伤性颅脑损伤过程中均扮演着重要的角色,标准大骨瓣开颅手术可对上述指标进行有效控制,以减小患者病情严重程度。     

血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性肾移植患者临床用药特点

目的 探讨血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性。肾移植患者术后临床用药特点。方法 40例同种异体。肾移植患者，男22例，女18例。年龄30～56岁。其中乙型肝炎感染29例、丙型肝炎感染9例、乙型肝炎合并丙型肝炎感染2例。患者肝功能正常，随机分为普乐可复组（n=20），环孢素A组（n=20）。观察患者术后肝、肾功能情况及人／。肾存活率。结果 40例患者术后随访2年，普乐可复组肝功能异常发生率、急性排斥反应发生率明显低于环孢素A组（分别为15％vs30％，5％vs20％），2组2年人／肾存活率均为100％。结论 血清肝炎病毒标志物阳性患者接受肾移植术后首选普乐可复作为基础免疫制剂方案，可减少排斥反应发生率，对肝脏的损害程度轻。     

一剂赛尼哌对肾移植急性排斥反应的预防作用

目的 探讨1剂赛尼哌在预防同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应中的作用。方法 回顾性分析50例应用1剂赛尼哌的肾移植患者资料，同期30例未应用赛尼哌患者作为对照，随访6个月。分析比较2组患者急性排斥反应、移植肾功能、感染及赛尼哌不良反应发生情况。结果 赛尼哌组发生急性排斥反应13例（26％），对照组为17例（57％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），2组患者药物不良作用方面、血液系统损害、肝功能损害、感染发生率及人／肾存活率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 联合应用1剂赛尼哌免疫抑制方案可以降低肾移植急性排斥反应发生率，改善移植肾功能，不良反应轻。     

Long‐term graft function with tacrolimus and cyclosporine in renal transplantation: Paired kidney analysis

Aim: The first prospective, randomized trial with paired kidney analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus with cyclosporine‐based immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients. This paper reports the long‐term follow‐up results of the authors' previously published study, with the main focus on graft survival and renal function. Methods: Chinese patients transplanted in our centre between June 1998 and June 2005 with their first deceased renal transplant were included. Patients were included if both kidneys were received by the authors' centre, thus allowing a paired analysis. Patients were randomized to receive triple immunosuppressive therapy with either tacrolimus or Neoral cyclosporine, concomitantly with prednisolone and azathioprine therapy. Results: Seventy‐six patients received cadaveric kidneys from 38 donors. Each pair of kidneys was randomly assigned to a separate group (38 subjects/group). The mean follow‐up duration was 6.1 ± 1.8 years. The mean calculated creatinine clearance was significantly higher in patients receiving tacrolimus‐based therapy. The rate of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was lower in the tacrolimus group (18.4% vs 42.1%, P = 0.03). The patient and graft survival were comparable in both treatment arms. Significantly fewer patients on tacrolimus‐based therapy developed hypercholesterolaemia (P = 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the development of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus, hypertension, opportunistic infection and malignancy between both groups. Conclusion: Using the immunosuppressive regimen, tacrolimus‐based therapy provided adequate immunosuppression with better renal function and less acute rejection, as compared with cyclosporine‐based therapy.     

Can daclizumab reduce acute rejection and improve long‐term renal function in tacrolimus‐based primary renal transplant recipients?

SUMMARY: Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen with and without induction therapy using daclizumab in first cadaveric renal transplant recipients. Methods: Since January 2001, we studied the effect of daclizumab in a non‐randomized and prospective study of 36 sequential first cadaveric renal transplant recipients. They were compared with a historical control group of 21 sequential first cadaveric renal transplant recipients without induction therapy. All patients received tacrolimus, azathioprine and corticosteroids as concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Daclizumab was given at 1 mg/kg infusion 2 h before transplantation and then every 14 days for four more doses. Outcomes measured included incidence of acute rejection, patient survival, graft survival, annualized change in creatinine clearance (CrCl), cardiovascular risk profile, infection and malignancy. Results: Fewer biopsy proven acute rejections were observed in the induction treatment group: 11.1% (4/36) versus 19% (4/21) but the rejection free survival was similar (P = 0.37). The patient survival and graft survival were comparable. The renal function was similar in both groups. There were also no significant difference in infection, malignancy and cardiovascular risk profile in both groups. Conclusion: Adding daclizumab to a tacrolimus‐based therapy is safe but cannot further improve clinical efficacy.     

Comparative study of the cellular pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients treated with and without basiliximab

Basiliximab is a recently developed immunosuppressive agent for the prevention of acute allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients. The combination use of basiliximab and a calcineurin inhibitor was suggested to be more effective in comparison to immunosuppressive therapy using calcineurin inhibitor without basiliximab. Cyclosporine has been generally administered with basiliximab for renal transplant recipients. However, in cases of tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen, the clinical efficacy and safety of combined use of tacrolimus and basiliximab remains to be elucidated. This study evaluated the tacrolimus pharmacological efficacy using a lymphocyte immunosuppressant sensitivity test (LIST) with MTT assay procedures in 16 cases of renal transplant recipients treated by tacrolimus without basiliximab and in 13 cases treated by tacrolimus in combination with basiliximab. The rate of acute rejection episodes in the recipients treated with tacrolimus plus basiliximab was 1/13 (7.7%), whereas the rate in the recipients treated with tacrolimus without basiliximab was 6/16 (37.5%). The recipients were divided into two groups according to their peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sensitivity to tacrolimus [i.e., including a tacrolimus high sensitivity group (IC(50) <1.0 ng/ml) and a low sensitivity group (IC(50) >1.0 ng/ml). In the recipients treated with tacrolimus without basiliximab, the rate of acute rejection episodes in the tacrolimus high sensitivity group was 1/10 (10.0%), which was significantly lower than the rate in the low sensitivity group of 5/6 (83.3%; p = 0.008). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection was not significantly different between the tacrolimus high and the low sensitivity groups of the recipients treated with tacrolimus with and without basiliximab. Therefore, in the case of selected tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplant recipients, the tacrolimus pharmacological efficacy should be evaluated using LIST at a time just before the transplant procedure in order to accurately predict allograft rejection. The data also suggested that low tacrolimus sensitivity recipients should be treated with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy in combination with basiliximab.     

肾移植术后早期主动减少免疫抑制剂用量的前瞻性研究

目的探讨对肾移植术后受者早期主动减少免疫抑制剂用量的临床必要性和安全性。方法随机选择63例尸体肾移植受者为观察组,58例尸体肾移植受者为对照组,两组受者均采用环孢素(CsA)+麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)+泼尼松三联免疫抑制方案。于术后第6周对观察组63例受者予以主动减少免疫抑制剂用量(将CsA血药谷浓度维持在200～250 ng/ml,MMF按受者体质量主动减药),术后4～6个月开始按个体状况将MMF用量调至减药前水平。对照组按常规免疫抑制方案治疗。观察两组受者术后6周至1年的血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、CsA血药谷浓度、肺部感染发生率、急性排斥反应(AR)发生率。结果随访1年期间,观察组受者Scr、BUN基本稳定在同一水平,且与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。观察组与对照组的AR发生率分别为8%与9%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的肺部感染率分别为8%(5/63)和14%(8/58),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组有2例发展为严重的肺部感染。结论肾移植术后早期主动减少免疫抑制剂用量能有效降低此阶段肺部感染发生率,且AR发生率并没有增加。     

Impact of clinical pharmacy services on renal transplant patients'' compliance with immunosuppressive medications

BACKGROUND: Non-compliance with immunosuppressive medications may result in allograft rejection and is regarded as an important impediment to post-transplant care. This randomized, controlled trial evaluates the impact of clinical pharmacy services on renal transplant patients' compliance with immunosuppressive agents. METHODS: Patients who received a renal transplant at the Medical College of Georgia from February 1997 through January 1999 were randomized in the intervention or control group provided they met study criteria. In addition to routine clinic services at each clinic visit, patients in the intervention group received clinical pharmacy services, which included medication histories and review of patients' medications with an emphasis on optimizing medication therapy to achieve desired outcomes and minimizing adverse medication events. The clinical pharmacist also provided recommendations to the nephrologists with the goal of achieving desired outcomes. To promote medication compliance by using compliance enhancement strategies, the clinical pharmacist counseled patients concerning their medication therapy and instructed them how to properly take their medications. Patients in the control group received the same routine clinic services as the intervention group except that they did not have any clinical pharmacist interaction. Compliance rate (CR) was calculated and patient's compliance status was determined from the CR. The CR, the fraction of patients remaining compliant for each month, and the mean time patients were compliant were compared between groups. Whether there was a difference in the frequency of patients achieving 'target' immunosuppressive levels in the control and study groups was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean CR for patients who had clinical pharmacist intervention (n=12) was statistically higher than the control group's (n=12) mean CR (p<0.001). During the 12-month post-transplant study period, patients in the intervention group had a longer duration of compliance than patients in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, patients who had clinical pharmacy services had a greater achievement of 'target' levels than patients who did not receive these services (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received clinical pharmacy services with traditional patient care services had better compliance with immunosuppressants than patients who only received traditional patient care services. Results of this study suggest a multidisciplinary team that includes a clinical pharmacist as part of the care for post-transplant patients is beneficial for enhancing medication compliance.     

Tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients on various immunosuppressive regimens.

BACKGROUND: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (TAC) are more potent than conventional immunosuppressive drugs, i.e. azathioprine, cyclosporin and prednisolone, and may be associated with an increase in the incidence of infections in the post-transplantation (post-tx) period. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of either or both of MMF and TAC for immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients increases the prevalence or modifies the clinical presentation of tuberculosis (TB), when compared with conventional therapy. METHODS: The medical records of 443 adult patients who received a kidney transplant between 1994 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Comparisons were made between patients who had conventional immunosuppressive treatments (cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone) or an alternative regimen (including MMF, TAC or both). RESULTS: We found 20 patients (4.5%) to have post-tx TB. There were 13 cases of TB (age 38.9+/-10.6 years) among 328 patients who received conventional immunosuppressants (group I) (4.0%) and seven cases (age 24.2+/-7.4 years) among 115 (6.1%) who received an alternative immunosuppressive regimen (group II) (P>0.05). The patients in group II were younger than the patients in group I (P = 0.002). A significantly higher number of patients in group II developed TB within the first 6 months post-tx (P = 0.042). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical and radiographic presentations or outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppression with TAC or MMF is associated with the development of TB earlier in the post-tx period and in younger patients.     

个体化免疫抑制方案在心脏移植高危患者中的应用

目的 探讨个体化免疫抑制方案在心脏移植高危患者中的应用.方法 回顾分析2001年9月至2006年12月51例在围手术期合并HBV感染、糖尿病、肾功能不全或肺部感染的心脏移植病例,全组患者术前均采用达利珠单抗进行免疫诱导治疗,基础免疫抑制方案为环孢霉素A(CsA)、硫唑嘌呤(Aza)或吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)和泼尼松的三联方案.其中术前合并HBV感染10例,术后强调使用MMF,术后1个月停用泼尼松;术前合并糖尿病9例,术后并发移植后糖尿病4例,术后强调使用CsA,不用FK506,减量使用或停用泼尼松,配合胰岛素治疗;术前肾功能不全16例,术后常规使用MMF,术后第5～19天开始使用CsA;术后并发肺部感染12例,减量或暂停使用CsA、MMF和泼尼松.结果 术前合并HBV感染10例,随访1年肝功能稳定,1例于术后第13个月发生急性排斥反应.糖代谢异常13例,术后血糖控制满意,随访6个月无急性排斥反应发生.术前肾功能不全16例,随访1个月无急性排斥反应发生,肾功能恢复正常.术后并发肺部感染12例,2例死于严重的肺部感染,其他患者均存活;随访1个月,1例患者于术后第17天发生急性排斥反应.结论 免疫抑制方案的个体化能使心脏移植的高危患者平稳渡过围手术期,不会增加急性排斥反应的发生率.     

Efficacy of Daclizumab in an African-American and Hispanic renal transplant population

Current immunosuppressive regimens have decreased acute rejection rates during the 1st year after renal transplantation. However, this decrease has not been as marked in high-risk groups, such as African-American and Hispanic renal transplant recipients. We compared two simultaneous cohorts of altogether 36 African-American and Hispanic renal transplant recipients. Cohort one received a regimen of mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, and a calcineurin inhibitor. The second cohort received the same protocol with the addition of Daclizumab (1 mg/kg for five doses given every 2 weeks). The median follow-up was 15.2 months (range 11.8–19.9 months). One patient in the Daclizumab-treated group and seven patients in the control group experienced an acute rejection episode. The rejection-free survival was significantly higher in the Daclizumab-treated group (94.4 %) as compared to the control group (66.7 %, Log-rank < 0.05) at 17 months after transplantation. A Cox Proportional Hazard model revealed lack of Daclizumab therapy as the only significant risk factor for acute rejection. (hazard ratio 7.0, 95 % CI = 1.1–48). The addition of the IL-2 receptor blocker Daclizumab to a triple therapy regimen may decrease early acute rejection in the high-risk groups of African-American and Hispanic patients. Received: 6 April 1999/Revised: 26 October 1999/Accepted: 23 November 1999