椎板成形术在多节段椎管内病变手术中的临床应用

目的探讨椎板成形术在多节段椎管内病变手术中的应用效果。方法 2009年4月至2013年4月采用显微手术治疗56例多节段(6~7个节段14例,3~5个节段42例)椎管内病变患者,术中使用磨钻磨开两侧的椎板,形成棘突椎板复合体后取出,切除椎管内病变后复位,用钛板固定,完成椎管成形。结果本组病变全切除52例,全切率为92.9%。椎管成形术中未损伤硬脊膜及脊神经根,术后复查MRI及CT均显示棘突椎板复合体复位良好,无椎管狭窄。术后随访1~5年,所有患者均没有发现继发性椎管狭窄、脊柱后凸畸形及脊柱不稳。结论对于多节段椎管内病变,术中对椎板的处理采用椎管成形术,可使椎管的骨性结构得到解剖复位,可保持术后脊柱的稳定性,防止医源性椎管狭窄症的发生。     

椎管内病变全椎板切除术中椎板棘突还纳对脊柱稳定性的影响

目的 探讨椎管内病变全椎板切除术中椎板棘突还纳对脊柱稳定性的影响。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年6月手术治疗并回访成功的28例椎管内病变的临床资料,术中还纳椎板棘突9例（观察组）,未还纳19例（对照组）。根据术后MRI表现判定脊柱稳定性。结果 观察组术后随访1~6个月3例,6~12个月3例,>12个月3例;对照组术后随访1~6个月7例,6~12个月8例,>12个月4例。观察组术后脊柱失稳率（0%）明显低于对照组（84.2%,16/19;P<0.05）。结论 椎管内病变全椎板切除术中椎板棘突还纳可以明显提高脊柱稳定性。     

长节段椎板-棘突复合体回植进行椎管重建在长节段椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨长节段（≥4个节段）椎板-棘突复合体回植进行椎管重建在长节段椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2020年12月显微手术治疗的6例长节段椎管内肿瘤的临床资料。术中采取长节段椎板-棘突复合体回植复位+钛板钛钉固定的方法进行椎管重建。结果 肿瘤位于颈胸段3例，胸腰段1例，腰段1例，腰骶段1例。肿瘤全切除5例，大部分切除1例。术后病理检查显示室管膜瘤3例，神经鞘瘤1例，脂肪瘤1例，畸胎瘤1例。术后随访2～7年，未见肿瘤复发，未见椎管狭窄，未见脊柱不稳及滑脱，部分椎板已骨性愈合。结论 对长节段椎管内肿瘤，采用长节段椎板-棘突复合体回植方法进行椎管重建，手术疗效肯定，术后并发症少，脊柱稳定性影响小。     

单侧椎板开窗治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤96例

目的探讨单侧椎板开窗在椎管内神经鞘瘤显微外科手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2008年12月采用单侧椎板开窗显微手术治疗的96例椎管内神经鞘瘤患者临床资料。其中肿瘤位于颈段27例,胸段43例,腰骶段26例。结果96例行肿瘤完全切除术,术后3d可下床活动,随访6～48个月,症状和体征消失或明显改善,无肿瘤复发或脊椎不稳定。结论单侧椎板开窗显微外科手术治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤,最大程度保留脊柱后部的肌肉、韧带和骨结构,有利于脊柱的稳定性,具有安全、损伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点,值得在临床上推广。     

旁正中椎板切开复位技术在腰段椎管内肿瘤切除术中的应 用

目的 探讨旁正中椎板切开复位技术在脊柱稳定性未破坏的腰段椎管内肿瘤切除术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月~2019年4月显微手术治疗的30例腰段椎管内肿瘤的临床资料，术中应用旁正中椎板切开复位技术。结果 术后均未发生切口感染、脑脊液漏和顽固性腰痛等。术后病理检查显示，神经鞘瘤24例，室管膜瘤6例。术后随访6个月，术后日本骨科协会（JOA）评分和视觉模拟量表评分均明显改善（P<0.05）。术后6个月，JOA评分改善率为（69.30±17.03）%，显效21例，有效9例。结论 对于脊柱稳定性未破坏的腰段椎管内肿瘤切除术，旁正中椎板切开复位技术效果良好。     

改良椎管扩大成形术在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨改良椎管扩大成形术在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用价值及适应证。方法回顾性分析38例应用改良椎管扩大成形术治疗的椎管内肿瘤临床资料。手术中对椎板截骨架起回植固定椎管扩大成形术进行改良。分析此术式对肿瘤的显露和切除情况,随访患者的临床疗效、脊柱稳定性及并发症,探讨手术适应症。结果根据肿瘤位置,手术行椎管扩大成形2～6节段,平均3.5节段。椎管内外哑铃型肿瘤6例,硬膜下肿瘤22例,髓内肿瘤10例。肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除10例。术后随访6个月至2年,JOA评分从术前(8.6±2.7)分提高到末次随访(14.1±2.6)分,平均改善率为82.5%±9.4%,优良率达76.3%。所有患者成型椎板复位固定情况良好,骨性融合情况良好。成形节段椎管腔矢状径较术前增加1～4 mm,平均3.2 mm。无并发症出现,未见脊柱不稳定病例。结论改良椎管扩大成形术对椎管内肿瘤显露和手术效果良好,对脊柱的稳定性影响小,能减少手术并发症。主要适用于椎管内大型较长节段肿瘤、恶性肿瘤及预计不能全切除的肿瘤,尤其适用于儿童。     

经一侧半椎板入路显微手术切除椎管内神经鞘瘤

目的探讨经一侧半椎板入路在椎管内神经鞘瘤显微切除术中的应用。方法我们从1999年6月至2006年6月经一侧半椎板显微切除38例椎管内神经鞘瘤。其中肿瘤位于颈段13例，胸段19例，腰段6例。结果所有肿瘤均被全切除，病人术后2周即可下床活动，随访期内（2-48个月）患者的症状和体征均有明显改善，无手术并发症和脊柱畸形。结论经一侧半椎板入路能够最大程度保留脊柱后部的肌肉、韧带和骨结构，有利于脊柱的稳定性，具有手术创伤小、安全、卧床时间短等优点，值得进一步推广应用。     

椎管内原发性肿瘤手术椎板棘突复位和切除的随机对照研究

目的评价在椎管内原发性肿瘤手术中采用椎板棘突复位和传统椎板切除的临床疗效。方法将72例椎管内原发肿瘤随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组行椎板棘突复位术;对照组行椎板棘突咬除术。比较两组脊髓神经功能恢复程度、脊髓截面积、脊柱不稳和成角畸形发生率。结果术后3、6、12个月脊髓损伤ASIA分级及脊髓横截面积两组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。术后3、6、12个月治疗组未发现明显脊柱成角畸形和脊柱不稳病例;而对照组脊柱成角畸形率分别为14.71%、29.42%、58.84%,脊柱不稳率分别为23.53%、52.94%、88.24%,两组相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论椎板棘突复位术恢复了椎管正常生理解剖和次序,保证了脊柱的稳定,脊髓神经功能恢复完全,有效地防止了术后并发症的发生。     

椎管内肿瘤显微切除术中椎板解剖学复位技术的应用

目的探讨椎管内肿瘤显微切除术中应用棘突椎板复合体解剖学复位回植椎管成形术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析总结19例椎管内肿瘤患者术中采用铣刀椎板后路切开,处理完椎管内肿瘤后再将棘突椎板复合体原位回植,钛片固定,完成椎管成形。结果随访3～12个月,定期复查X线及MRI检查见棘突椎板复合体回植后达到解剖复位,未见回植物移位、塌陷,未见继发性椎管狭窄等并发症,回植局部无疼痛。16例显示椎板铣骨断面部分或完全融合,骨痂形成。结论椎管内肿瘤术中采用显微切除肿瘤,钛片钛钉固定棘突椎板复合体解剖学复位技术简便、安全、可靠,有利于脊柱的正常解剖结构及稳定性的恢复。     

半椎板入路椎管内肿瘤显微切除术

目的探讨经一侧半椎板入路在显微切除椎管肿瘤中的应用。方法经一侧半椎板显微切除69例椎管内肿瘤，其中神经鞘瘤31例，脊膜瘤19例，上皮样囊肿6例，蛛网膜囊肿4例，海绵状瘤3例，室管膜瘤2例，星形细胞瘤2例，髓母细胞瘤椎管转移2例。肿瘤位于颈段19例，胸段34例，腰段16例。结果除2例髓内星形细胞瘤外，其余肿瘤均获全切，术后2周即可下床活动，随访期内（2-48个月）症状和体征均明显改善，无手术并发症和脊柱畸形。结论经一侧半椎板入路能够最大程度保留脊柱后部的肌肉、韧带和骨结构，有利于脊柱稳定性，具有手术创伤小、安全、卧床时间短等优点。     

椎管解剖学重建在胸椎椎管内病变手术中的应用

目的评估椎管解剖学重建在椎管内手术中的临床应用价值。方法 2012年10月至2014年1月我科收治的42例胸椎椎管内疾病患者采用后入路铣刀或微型咬骨钳沿双侧关节突内侧缘卸下一个或多个棘突椎板复合体,手术切除病变后,通过钛片钛钉连接回纳,重建胸椎椎管的解剖学结构。结果 42例患者的病变全部切除38例,次全切除4例,切除椎板数1∽4个,平均2.1个。2例手术过程中因铣刀头断裂改用微型咬骨钳,所有病例未出现硬脊膜破裂。术后随访3--16个月,平均12.4个月。三维CT复查见回植物固定良好,无椎管狭窄、畸形,骨性愈合,稳定性好。结论胸椎椎管解剖学重建方法简便,易于手术操作,对保持椎管的完整性,维持脊柱的稳定性,减少术后并发症有重要作用。     

Minimally invasive surgery through the interlaminar approach in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis: A retrospective study of 31 patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive spinal decompression combined with local chemotherapy in treating patients with thoracic/lumbar tuberculosis (TB) and abscess compression of the spinal canal. Clinical data of 31 patients with thoracic/lumbar TB and spinal epidural abscess, admitted to our hospital between December 2005 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received initial conservative treatment but achieved unsatisfactory results and then underwent minimally invasive spinal canal decompression, focus debridement and catheter drainage through a posterior interlaminar approach. Postoperatively, a short-course (1–2 months) of local chemotherapy was given. The patients were followed up on a regular basis. The neurologic status was graded according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score system. Kyphotic deformity was evaluated using Cobb angle measurement. Patients were followed up for an average of 37 months (range: 12–96 months). At the last follow-up, ASIA scores were improved in all patients, and there was a mild increase in the Cobb angle, but satisfactory spinal stabilization was achieved. Hepatorenal function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels all returned to normal. One complication was observed, where the patient had worsened deficit postoperatively but achieved a satisfactory recovery (from Grade C to Grade E) one year after a second surgery. Minimally invasive spinal canal decompression combined with local chemotherapy appears to be an effective treatment for patients with thoracic/lumbar TB and abscess compression in the spinal canal.     

脊髓型颈椎病合并胸椎管狭窄症的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨脊髓型颈椎病合并胸椎管狭窄症的诊断与治疗。方法：回顾性分析4例脊髓型颈椎病合并胸椎管狭窄症的诊断与治疗。其中2例先行颈椎减压和稳定手术，后行胸椎板切除减压术；1例颈、胸椎同时行减压；1例先行胸椎板切除减压术，后行颈椎板成形术。结果：神经病学损害完全恢复2例，明显改善2例。结论：脊髓型颈椎病合并胸椎管狭窄症手术治疗可取得良好的效果。     

Risk factors of meralgia paresthetica after prone position surgery: Possible influence of operating position,laminectomy level,and preoperative thoracic kyphosis

Obesity and a prolonged surgical duration are reported risk factors for meralgia paresthetica (MP) after prone position surgery; however, this fails to explain why MP seldom occurs after prone position craniotomy. We reviewed the incidence of MP after spinal surgery and craniotomy in the prone position and investigated whether unidentified factors are involved in the mechanism of postoperative MP. Between January 2014 and March 2020, we performed 556 prone position surgeries. We excluded patients aged ≤16 years and those who were comatose or who required redo-surgery, and reviewed 446 eligible patients (124 who underwent craniotomies and 322 who underwent posterior spinal surgeries). Postoperative MP occurred in 46 (10.3%) patients with a higher incidence after spinal surgery than after craniotomy (13.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Among the 322 patients who received posterior spinal surgery, thoracic and lumbar laminectomies were associated with a higher incidence of MP than cervical laminectomy. Analyses limited to those patients who received thoracic and lumbar laminectomies revealed that the preoperative thoracic kyphosis (TK) angle was significantly greater in patients with MP than in those without MP (average TK angle, 38.9° vs. 23.1°; p < 0.001), and that the preoperative lumbar lordosis angle did not significantly differ between the two groups. Apart from the known predisposing factors, we found that thoracolumbar-sacral laminectomy in patients with a greater TK angle is also a risk factor for MP after prone position surgery.     

椎管内外沟通瘤的手术治疗（附98例分析）

目的 探讨椎管内外沟通瘤的临床特征和手术方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年4月至2018年4月手术治疗的98例椎管内外沟通瘤的临床资料。采取单纯后正中入路92例、颈外侧入路4例和前后联合入路2例;术中同期行脊椎固定术35例,其中椎板成形术25例,颈段侧块螺钉内固定术或胸腰段椎弓根螺钉内固定术10例。结果 肿瘤全切除85例,部分切除13例;经单纯后正中入路手术肿瘤全切除率为78.3%（72/92）,经颈外侧入路4例和前后联合入路2例肿瘤均全切除。术后病理证实神经鞘瘤77例,神经纤维瘤7例,脊膜瘤6例,节细胞神经瘤5例,海绵状血管瘤1例,孤立性纤维瘤1例,脂肪瘤1例。所有病人术后随访6~84个月,平均47.6个月。临床症状改善89例,肿瘤复发4例,发生并发症7例。未行任何维持脊柱稳定措施的病人脊柱畸形发生率（17.46%）明显高于颈段侧块或胸腰段椎弓根螺钉内固定术（0%,P<0.05）以及椎板成形术（4.00%,P<0.05）。结论 椎管内外沟通瘤可经不同手术入路手术全切肿瘤,其中骨质破坏严重者可通过椎板成形术或椎弓根及椎体内螺钉内固定植入术重建脊柱稳定性,可减少术后脊柱畸形发生率。     

Rh-BMP-2 for L5–S1 arthrodesis in long fusions to the pelvis for neuromuscular spinal deformity in the pediatric age group: analysis of 11 patients

Purpose

Neuromuscular scoliosis is a challenging pathology to treat with high incidence of complications and failure of surgical fusion. Surgical correction can entail long fusion constructs extending to the pelvis. We report our experience in the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to augment L5–S1 arthrodesis in long segment fusions in pediatric patients with neuromuscular scoliosis.

Methods

Retrospective review of 11 pediatric patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity (mean, age 13.7 years; range, 10–20 years) who underwent long (mean, 15 levels; range, 10–18 levels) spinal instrumentation and fusion to the pelvis at a single institution from 2007 to 2012 with an average follow-up of 34 months (range, 11–62 months).

Results

Of the 11 patients, one had pseudoarthrosis at L5–S1. The average coronal Cobb angle measured 59° before surgery and 42° immediately after surgery. The average preoperative thoracic kyphosis and lumbar sagittal lordosis measured 34 and 59°, respectively. Immediately after surgery, the thoracic and lumbar angles measured 28 and 39°, respectively. At last follow-up, the average coronal Cobb angle was maintained at 43° and the thoracic and lumbar sagittal angles were 28 and 44°, respectively. An average of 14.2 mg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP-2) was used for each case.

Conclusions

L5–S1 arthrodesis may be effectively achieved in long fusions for pediatric neuromuscular spinal deformity with posterolateral fusion supplemented with rh-BMP-2. This surgical strategy may be associated with lower complication rates, decreased blood loss, and shorter operative times than circumferential fusion, which is particularly important in this complex fragile patient population.     

椎弓根螺钉和椎板钩选择性融合治疗胸椎青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的差异

背景：既往的文献多报道用椎板钩或联合椎弓根螺钉治疗特发性脊柱侧弯或讨论融合节段的选择。 目的：比较椎弓根螺钉和椎板钩治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯临床疗效的差异，并行影像学评价。 方法：选择66例连续观察的青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(胸段主弯、腰段代偿弯)患者，均行后路内固定融合，末端融合到T12或L1椎体。其中32例行椎板钩内固定，34例行椎弓根螺钉内固定，内固定后最少随访2年。 结果与结论：椎弓根螺钉组患者内固定后胸段Cobb角矫正程度及腰段Cobb角自发矫正程度明显大于椎板钩组(P < 0.001)。椎板钩组内固定后13例患者冠状面朝左侧失代偿大于20 mm(参照C7铅垂线)，而椎弓根内固定组仅4例，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.005)。两组患者均无并发症发生。提示后路选择性融合治疗特发性脊柱侧弯(胸段主弯、腰段代偿弯)，与椎板钩相比，椎弓根螺钉有更好的矫正效果且内固定后冠状面失代偿发生率低。     

The progression of untreated lumbar kyphosis and the compensatory thoracic lordosis in myelomeningocele

Radiographs of 37 patients with untreated lumbar kyphosis without congenital vertebral anomalies associated with myelomeningocele were analyzed. With an average interval between radiographs of 6.2 years, the kyphosis was noted to increase at a mean rate of 4.3^o per year without correlation to its initial magnitude. The compensatory lordosis was more variable and progressed at a mean of 2.5^o per year. Children under the age of 2 years were more likely to increase the Cobb angle and the height of their kyphosis. There was an inverse relationship between the height of the kyphus and the lumbar spine height and the resultant growth of each. A modified kyphotic index less than 4. correlated with an increase in the curve and height of the kyphosis and the subsequent desire for surgery. Wide variablity in radiographic parameters make predictions for an individual patient difficult.     

Analysis of adjacent segment degeneration with laminectomy above a fused lumbar segment

Although recent data suggests that lumbar fusion with decompression contributes to some marginal acceleration of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), few studies have evaluated whether it is safe to perform a laminectomy above a fused segment. This study investigates the hypothesis that laminectomy above a fused lumbar segment does not increase the incidence of ASD, and assesses the benefits and risks of performing a laminectomy above a lumbar fusion. A retrospective review of 171 patients who underwent decompression and instrumented fusion of the lumbar spine was performed to analyze the association between ASD and laminectomy above the fused lumbar segment. Patients were divided into two groups – one group with instrumented fusion alone and the other group with instrumented fusion plus laminectomy above the fused segment. Of the 171 patients, 34 underwent additional decompressive laminectomy above the fused segment. There was a significant increase in ASD incidence as well as progression of ASD grade in both groups. There was no significant increase in ASD in patients with decompressive laminectomy above the fused lumbar segment compared to patients with laminectomy limited to the fused segment. This retrospective review of 171 patients who underwent decompression and instrumented fusion with follow-up radiographs demonstrates that laminectomy decompression above a fused segment does not significantly increase radiographic ASD. There is, however, a significant increase in ASD over time, which was observed throughout the entire cohort likely representing a natural progression of lumbar spondylosis above the fusion segment.     

椎管重建在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨椎管内肿瘤切除术中应用椎管重建的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2004年1月～2009年1月经手术切除病理切片证实的105例椎管内良性肿瘤的临床病例资料,分为两组：椎管重建组51例,非重建组54例,术后随访1．5～3年。结果椎管重建组术后平均住院日及卧床时间较非重建组缩短,其远期并发症如：椎管狭窄,椎体滑脱,脊髓压迫,神经根粘连,脊柱不稳等较非重建组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论椎管内肿瘤切除手术中行椎管重建可有效的减少手术对于脊柱后部结构的损伤,更好的维护脊柱的稳定性,避免传统手术带来的多种并发症。