Effect of Amygdalin on the Proliferation of Hyperoxia-exposed Type Ⅱ Alveolar Epithelial Cells Isolated from Premature Rat

The pathogenesis of hyperoxia lung injury and the mechanism of amygdalin on type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) isolated from premature rat lungs in vitro were investigated. AEC2 were obtained by primary culture from 20-days fetal rat lung and hyperoxia-exposed cell model was established. Cell proliferating viability was examined by MTT assay after treatment of amygdalin at various concentrations. DNA content and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression of AEC2 were measured by using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry respectively after 24 h of hyperoxia exposure or amygdalin treatment. The results showed that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation and decreased PCNA protein expression in AEC2 of premature rat in vitro. Amygdalin at the concentration range of 50--200 μmol/L stimulated the proliferation of AEC2 in a dose-dependent manner, however, 400 μmol/L amygdalin inhibited the proliferation of AEC2. Amygdalin at the concentration of 200 μmol/L played its best role in facilitating proliferation of AEC2s in vitro and could partially ameliorated the changes of proliferation in hyperoxia exposed AEC2 of premature rat. It has been suggested that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation of AEC2s of premature rat, which may contribute to hyperoxia lung injury. Amygdalin may play partial protective role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.     

Identification of Human Serum Protein Targets of Qianggu Decoction (强骨饮) in Primary Type Ⅰ Osteoporosis Based on Tandem Mass Tag Labeling and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technology

Objective: To investigate the serum protein targets of Qianggu Decoction (强骨饮, QGD) on treating osteoporosis by the proteomics analysis using tandem mass tag (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods: Twenty serum protein samples were recruited (10 patients with primary type Ⅰ osteoporosis before and after QGD treatment) and the high abundance ratios protein was removed, two serum samples were extracted and labeled with TMT reagent. Then, mass spectrometric detection, identification of differentially expressed proteins and bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins were carried out. Results: A total of 60 proteins were identified, within a 99% confidence interval, to be differentially regulated of which, 34 proteins were up-regulated and 26 proteins were down-regulated. Differentially expressed proteins analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation mainly get involved in 12 different biological processes, 7 types of cellular components, and 6 kinds of molecular functions. Angiotensinogen (AGT), stromelysin-1 (MMP3), heparanase (HPSE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were screened as candidate protein targets of QGD treatment, which were related to metabolic mechanism of bone remodeling and/or bone collagen of osteoporosis. By the utilization of the protein-protein interaction network analysis tool named STRING10.0, it showed that AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH were located in the key node of the protein-protein interactions network. Furthermore, AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH were found to be directly related to BMP, MAPK, Wnt, SMAD and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) families. Conclusions: The proteomics analysis by using TMT combined with LC-MS/MS was a feasible method for screening the potential therapeutic targets associated with QGD treatment. It suggests that AGT, MMP3, HPSE and GAPDH may be candidate protein targets of QGD treatment which can be used as therapeutic effect monitor and early diagnosis of primary type Ⅰ osteoporosis.     

Establishment of the Culture Technique o f Pulmonary Vascular Pericytes and Its Identification in Rats

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Gene Cloning of Murine α-Fetoprotein Gene and Construction of Its Eukaryotic Expression Vector and Expression in CHO Cells

Hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC)isamajorcauseofcancerdeathwithmorethan 1.2millionglobalan nualincidences[1] .Surgeryandlivertransplantationaretheonlyeffectivetreatments ,butmostHCCpa tientsarenoteligiblebecauseofdiagnosisatalaterstageorunderliverinsufficiencyinthesettingofcir rhosis[2 5] .Thedevelopmentofnoveltreatmentstrategiesisneeded .TheAFPisanHCC associatedoncofetalantigen .ThemajorityofhumanHCCsoverexpresstheoncofetalantigenAFP .ThisMr 700 0 0 glycoprotein ,producedathighlevelsbyth…     

Construction of shRNA Targeted to the Rat Angiotensin Ⅱ Type 1 Receptors and Its RNAi in Cytoplasma

Though remarkable progress has been madeinhypertension mechanisms in the last few decades ,the target of treating essential hypertension is stillfocusing pri marily on the rennin-angiotensin-aldo-sterone system(RAAS) .RAAS promotes vascularsmooth muscle constriction, remodels the struc-ture and function of the vascular system,enhancessodiumreabsorption in the kidney by sti mulatingaldosterone secretion. Therefore , RAAS is a cen-tral regulator of hypertension and plays a key roleinthe path…     

Role of angiotensin Ⅱ and angiotensin Ⅱ receptors in vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro

ObjectiveTo determine the biotic effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on the migration of rat smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and investigate the mechanisms involved in the development of vascular injury. Methods VSMCs isolated from aortic media of Wistar rats and cultured by the modified explant method were adopted. In the presence and absence of Ang Ⅱ, the expression of Ang Ⅱ receptor (ATR) and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion of VSMCs were studied by an immunocytochemistry technique and fluorocytochemistry technique. Migration assays were performed with a modified Boyden’s chamber. The effects of AT(1)R antagonist (CV- 11974), AT2R antagonist (PD123319) on the aforementioned target were studied. Results VSMCs migration was stimulated by adding Ang Ⅱ. The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions may be an important mechanism by which Ang Ⅱ facilitates VSMCs motility. The expression of AT(1)R in VSMCs could be upregulated initially after treatment with Ang Ⅱ, then decreased gradually. The expression of AT(1)R was downregulated by AT(1)R antagonists. The effect of Ang Ⅱ on VSMCs migration was mediated by AT(1)R, while AT2R had no significant effect. Conclusions The dynamic reorganization of focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton is required for Ang Ⅱ- induced VSMCs migration. This effect is mediated by AT(1)R.     

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase and TIMP-1 Expression by TGF-β1 in Cultured Human RPE Cells

Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are a familyof zinc binding,calcium-dependent endopeptidases thatfunction by degrading extracellular matrix(ECM)components.The functional effects of these enzymesare in part controlled byinteractions withtissueinhibi-tors of metalloproteinases(TI MPs)acting as naturalMMPinhibitors.Aprecise balance between MMPandTI MPactivities may be i mportant for the integrity ofECMcomponents[1].It shows that the expression andactivity of MMPs could be regulated by va…     

Experimental Study of Effect of Corticosterone on Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons and Their Ca^2＋／CaMK Ⅱ Expression

Summary: To explore the effect of different concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) on primary cultured hippocampal neurons and their Ca^2 /CaMK Ⅱ expression and possible mechanism, the changes of hippocampal neurons were observed in terms of morphology, activity of cells, cell death.concentrations of cytosolic free calcium, and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ by using MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescent labeling of Fura-2/AM and Western hlotting after 10^-7. 10^-8 and 10^-5 mol/L of CORT was added to culture medium. The evident effect of 10^-6 and 10^-5 mol/L of CORT on the morphology of hippocampal neuron was found. Compared with control neurons, the activity of the cells was markedly decreased and [Ca^2 ], increased in the neurons treated with 10^-6 and 10^-7mol/L of CORT. but no change was observed in the neuron treated with 10^-7 mol/L of CORT.The death was either by way of apoptosisor necrosis in the cells treated with 10^-4 and 10^-5mol/L of CORT respectively. The correlation analysis showed that a reverse correlation existed between [Ca^2 ];and the expression of CaMKⅡ. Either apoptosis or necrosis occurs in the hippocampal neurons treated with CORT. The increased hippocampal [Ca^2 ], is both the result of CORT impairing the hippocampal neurons and the cause of the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and the decreased CaMKⅡ expression.     

体外培养肺泡Ⅱ型细胞Flk-1受体表达的研究

目的:研究体外培养的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞(AECⅡ)VEGF,F lt-1,F lk-1,SP-B的表达。方法:体外培养AECⅡ,采用免疫组织化学方法和电镜鉴定细胞,然后应用SABC法检测AECⅡ的VEGF,F lt-1,F lk-1,SP-B的表达。结果:AECⅡ培养72 h,F lt-1,F lk-1,VEGF阳性表达,SP-B阴性表达。结论:体外培养的AECⅡ,表达F lt-1、F lk-1等受体,人工干预应用VEGF可能发生一系列信号转导,为医学研究应用VEGF提供理论依据。     

脂多糖诱导大鼠肺泡II型上皮细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的研究脂多糖诱导大鼠肺泡II型上皮细胞(AT-II)凋亡的机制。方法体外原代培养的AT-II分为对照组和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)损伤组(LPS浓度10μg/mL),培养24h后分别进行两组细胞的Fas蛋白免疫组织化学检测和Annexin V/PI双染法流式细胞仪细胞凋亡检测。结果LPS组Fas阳性率(35.16±2.37)%明显高于对照组(9.01±1.62)%(P<0.05);LPS组的细胞凋亡率(24.98±1.41)%明显高于对照组(6.16±1.03)%(P<0.05);坏死率(14.85±0.99)%亦明显高于对照组(4.00±0.72)%(P<0.05)。结论Fas/FasL途径可能是LPS诱导AT-II细胞凋亡的重要途径。     

人正常上皮细胞的原代培养

传统的人正常上皮细胞原代培养方法存在培养率低、培养出的细胞活性差、操作繁琐等缺点,为了解决 这些问题,近年来国内外的众多研究者对人正常上皮细胞的原代培养过程进行了大量研究和不断改进。笔者主要综 述人正常上皮细胞分离纯化的一些方法(如组织块分离法、酶消化分离法 、机械刷取法、红细胞裂解法、Percoll分层 液密度梯度分离法等)以及培养传代中可应用到的一些方法(如无血清培养基联合低浓度血清培养基培养法、鼠尾胶 原包被法、玻璃培养瓶联合塑料培养皿培养法);其次阐述了人正常上皮细胞的生物学特性及免疫细胞化学染色法、 台盼蓝拒染法等生物学性状检测的方法,并且对培养中无菌操作、培养时和分离时细胞外环境的条件、差速贴壁的 次数、添加剂的选择与用量等影响因素作了归纳。     

p53在氧化应激下肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨氧化应激状态下肺泡II型上皮细胞(ATIIcells)凋亡时,activecaspase-3的表达和p53在细胞内分布情况.方法:原代培养大鼠ATII细胞,用500μmol/L过氧化氢(H2O2)处理,建立氧化损伤性细胞模型.经DAPI染色后观察细胞核的形态变化.流式细胞术检测H2O2刺激后细胞凋亡率的变化;蛋白质免疫印迹法检测H2O2刺激后activecaspase-3的表达变化.免疫荧光染色后观察p53的表达和细胞内分布.结果:DAPI染色发现,正常对照组细胞核较大,发出浅蓝色的荧光,而H2O2刺激后,细胞核发生致密浓染,核周出现光晕等改变.与正常对照组比较,随H2O2刺激时间延长,细胞凋亡率显著上升(P<0.05);Western Blot检测发现H2O2刺激后,activecaspase-3蛋白表达增加(P<0.05).激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现正常细胞p53表达微弱,H2O2刺激3h后,p53表达显著增强,主要集中于细胞核.结论:氧化应激能促使activecaspase-3蛋白表达增加及p53细胞核内表达增加,诱导细胞发生凋亡;p53可能通过转录依赖的途径诱导细胞凋亡.     

Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞转染Napsin A基因对肺纤维化的干预作用

目的 探讨Napsin A基因转染至Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞对肺纤维化的作用和机制.方法 采用慢病毒载体质粒PLJM1构建重组质粒PLJM1-Napsin A,将Napsin A基因转染至Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞系细胞-A549细胞染色体中并鉴定.予转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)刺激A549细胞构建体外肺纤维化模型,倒置显微镜下动态观察细胞形态学的变化;用MTT法检测A549细胞转基因前后受TGF-β1刺激情况下增殖能力的变化,并绘制生长曲线;分别用RT-PCR和Western印迹方法检测未转基因和转基因A549细胞被TGF-β1干预后其表达E钙蛋白和纤维连接蛋白基因和蛋白水平的变化,以判断其发生上皮-间质转化(EMT)的情况;用Western印迹方法检测A549细胞转基因前后表达黏着斑激酶(FAK)蛋白量的变化,探讨Napsin A干预肺纤维化的机制.结果 重组质粒PLJM1-Napsin A测序结果与设计序列完全符合,转Napsin A基因A549细胞表达Napsin A基因和蛋白均显著高于非转基因细胞组(P＜0.01).细胞经TGF-β1刺激后形态上演变为间质细胞,提示体外构建肺纤维化模型成功.MTT法检测转基因细胞在TGF-β1诱导下其增殖速度减慢(P＜0.05);E钙蛋白的基因和蛋白表达水平在体外肺纤维化模型中明显下调(E钙蛋白mRNA:A549-PLJM1:0.77±0.09,A549-PLJM1-Napsin A:0.79±0.03,A549+TGF-β1:0.41±0.05,A549-PLJM1+TGF-β1:0.40±0.05;E钙蛋白分别为:0. 76±0.06,0.73±0.09,0.20±0.05,0. 22±0.03,P＜0.01),相反纤维连接蛋白则明显上调(P＜0.01),但转染Napsin A基因后其变化幅度减小(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).体外肺纤维化模型中,细胞FAK蛋白表达量增多(A549:0.49±0.04,A549-PLJM1:0.50±0.06;A549-PLJM1-NapsinA:0.48±0.08;A549+TGF-β1:3.49±0.61;A549-PLJMI+TGF-β1:3.54±0.25,P＜0.01),但转基因细胞上调趋势显著小于未转基因细胞组(P＜0.01).结论 转染Napsin A基因至Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞可以抑制肺纤维化,其作用机制可能与抑制整合素信号传导通路有关.     

Ultrastructure of type II alveolar epithelial cells in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructure of type II alveolar epithelium cells of rats with experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Rat models of ARDS were established via oleic acid injection, and the type II alveolar epithelium was isolated and purified to observe the changes in the ultrastructure of the cells under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Observation under transmission electron microscope revealed evidently decreased lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells leading to vacuolation in rats with ARDS. CONCLUSION: After proper isolation and purification, the morphological changes in type II alveolar epithelial cells can be more easily observed, and the changes in the lamellar bodies suggest that type II cells play an important role in ARDS.     

Induction of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis in mouse by lipopolysaccharide does not require TNF-α

Objective To examine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis correlates with TNF-α release by type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AEC Ⅱ), whether TNF-α knockout (TNF KO) abrogates the induction of apoptosis by LPS and whether TNF-α is sufficient to induce apoptosis in this cell type.Methods AEC Ⅱ were isolated from wild type mice and TNF KO mice. Cells were stimulated with LPS or recombinant murine TNF-α for 24 h. TNF-α in culture supernatant was determined by ELISA following LPS stimulation. Apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end-labeling (TUNEL) assay after treatment with either LPS or TNF-α. Results LPS induced apoptosis in wild type AEC Ⅱ in a concentration-dependent manner. LPS-induced AEC Ⅱ apoptosis was accompanied by an 11-fold increase (from 0.073±0.065 ng/ml in control to 0.94±0.14 ng/ml in 50 μg/ml of LPS, P&lt;0.01) in TNF-α release. However, increasing concentrations (5 or 25 ng/ml) of recombinant murine TNF-α failed to induce AEC Ⅱ apoptosis. In addition, apoptosis did occur in AEC Ⅱ isolated from TNF KO mice following LPS stimulation.Conclusions This study confirms that LPS induces TNF-α release and apoptosis in murine AEC Ⅱ in vitro. Exogenous TNF-α failed to induce AEC Ⅱ apoptosis, and apoptosis occurred following LPS stimulation in cells lacking the ability to produce TNF-α. Taken together, these results suggest that LPS-induced AEC Ⅱ apoptosis occurs by a TNF-α-independent mechanism.     

Effect of amygdalin on the proliferation of hyperoxia-exposed type II alveolar epithelial cells isolated from premature rat

Summary The pathogenesis of hyperoxia lung injury and the mechanism of amygdalin on type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) isolated from premature rat lungsin vitro were investigated. AEC2 were obtained by primary culture from 20-days fetal rat lung and hyperoxia-exposed cell model was established. Cell proliferating viability was examined by MTT assay after treatment of amygdalin at various concentrations. DNA content and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression of AEC2 were measured by using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry respectively after 24h of hyperoxia exposure or amygdalin treatment. The results showed that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation and decreased PCNA protein expression in AEC2 of premature ratin vitro. Amygdalin at the concentration range of 50–200 μmol/L stimulated the proliferation of AEC2 in a dose-dependent manner, however, 400 μmol/L amygdalin inhibited the proliferation of AEC2. Amygdalin at the concentration of 200 μmol/L played its best role in facilitating proliferation of AEC2sin vitro and could partially ameliorated the changes of proliferation in hyperoxia exposed AEC2 of premature rat. It has been suggested that hyperoxia inhibited the proliferation of AEC2s of premature rat, which may contribute to hyperoxia lung injury. Amygdalin may play partial protective role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. ZHU Huaping, female, born in 1972, M. D., Ph.D.     

氢气对高氧致肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨氢气对高浓度氧导致的早产大鼠肺泡型Ⅱ上皮细胞（AECⅡ）氧化应激性损伤的影响。方法将分离培养的原
代AECⅡ随机分为空气对照组、高氧对照组、空气+氢气组、高氧+氢气组。空气组和高氧组分别暴露在21%和95%氧气中,空
气+氢气组和高氧+氢气组细胞置于富氢培养基中。各组均于24 h后光镜观察细胞形态改变,采用四甲基偶唑氮蓝（MTT）法检
测各组细胞增殖能力,JC-1荧光探针法检测各组细胞线粒体膜电位（△Ψ）变化,化学比色法测定细胞上清丙二醛（MDA）含量
和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。结果与空气对照组比较,空气+氢气组各项指标均无显著差异,高氧对照组细胞的增殖活性明
显受到抑制,细胞的△Ψ明显降低,MDA含量显著增高,SOD活性明显降低。氢气干预后,与高氧对照组相比,细胞的增殖活性
和SOD活性均有所升高,△Ψ有所恢复,MDA含量显著下降（P<0.05）。结论氢气可显著减轻高氧导致的早产鼠AECⅡ的氧化
损伤,提高细胞抗氧化能力,稳定细胞△Ψ,减弱高氧对细胞的增殖抑制效应。
     

SD大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的原代培养和鉴定

目的：探讨大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的体外培养及鉴定方法,为肾结石病的研究提供实验平台。方法：采用机械研磨、Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法分离出肾小管节段,在含10%胎牛血清和1%上皮细胞生长因子的上皮细胞培养基中培养,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后传代培养,并用原代和传1代细胞做免疫细胞化学染色鉴定。结果：细胞培养至第3天完全贴壁,4～7d处于对数生长期,为多边鹅卵石样;免疫细胞化学染色显示cytokeratin18表达阳性。结论：机械研磨、Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法结合使用上皮细胞培养基可以培养得到较纯的肾小管,是大鼠肾小管上皮细胞原代培养的理想方法,为进一步研究泌尿系结石病因和机制提供了实验基础。