手工分离浓缩血小板制备方法的质量分析

浓缩血小板(PCs)在临床治疗中发挥着重要作用,其制备方法有:富含血小板血浆法(PaP)、白膜层法(BC)和机采血小板.机采血小板临床使用较普遍,但是,由于无偿捐献机采血小板者不能满足临床需求,必须用手工浓缩血小板来补充.如何控制手工分离浓缩血小板的质量就成为重要的问题.为了更好地提高浓缩血小板数,我们对富浆法制备浓缩血小板的整个制备过程进行了分析,确定了制备过程中的关键控制点即一定离心力下的离心时间,现将129份浓缩血小板的制备与质量检测的情况报告如下.     

白膜汇集法制备混合浓缩血小板的质量分析

目的探讨采用白膜汇集法制备混合浓缩血小板的质量。方法选择2021年3至10月中国人民解放军重庆血液中心制备的30份混合浓缩血小板为研究对象。根据混合浓缩血小板制备方法不同, 将其分为研究组(n=15, 采用白膜汇集法制备浓缩血小板)和对照组(n=15, 采用浓缩血小板汇集法制备浓缩血小板)。用于制备混合浓缩血小板的全血来源于147例健康无偿献血者。2组献血者的年龄、性别构成比, 以及2组全血的容量、血小板计数、红细胞计数、白细胞计数(WBC)等一般资料分别比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。采用回顾性研究方法, 比较2组用于制备混合浓缩血小板的白膜、混合浓缩血小板、去白细胞混合浓缩血小板的质量, 以及去白细胞混合浓缩血小板用于血液系统疾病患者临床输血后的疗效。2组定量资料比较采用成组t检验或Mann-WhitneyU检验, 血小板输注有效率比较采用Fisher确切概率法。本研究遵循的程序符合陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会制定的标准, 经过该伦理委员会批准(批准文号:KY2021140)。结果①本研究2组白膜的体积、血小板计数、红细胞计数、WBC及血小板回收率分别比较...     

血小板保存对P—选择素的影响

我们对浓缩血小板保存过程对血小板膜表面 P选择素 ( P- selectin)分子数及血浆 P-选择素 ( SP-selectin)的含量进行动态观察 ,并对不同性别供血者的血小板激活差异进行比较。材料和方法一、浓缩血小板制备　采用富含血小板血浆( PRP)法 ,并将制备的浓缩血小板按供血者性别进行了分组。所选择的男女供血者在年龄及浓缩血小板中的血小板计数等均无统计学差异。浓缩血小板制备后于血小板保存箱内 2 2℃振荡保存 ,并分别于保存 0 ,1 ,3,5d后取样待检。二、血小板表面 P-选择素分子数测定　采用12 5I标记的单克隆抗体 SZ51 (苏州医学院血栓…     

单采血小板与浓缩血小板的临床疗效比较

目的 比较单采血小板与浓缩血小板的临床疗效.方法 对212例患者输注血小板前后的血小板数值进行检测,根据血小板计数增加指数(CCI)、血小板回收率(PPR)以及临床症状进行疗效评估.结果 单采血小板和浓缩血小板均有输注疗效,单采血小板有效率CCI 89.09%,PPR 93.64%,浓缩血小板有效率CCI 63.73%,PPR 69.61%;单采血小板组和浓缩血小板组在输注后1 h CCI、24 h CCI以及1 h PPR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),24 h PPR比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组在临床出血症状疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 对血小板减少的患者,输注单采血小板可明显提升外周血中的血小板数量,并能迅速起到止血的目的,防止大出血并发症,而浓缩血小板效果不显著.     

离心力对制备浓缩血小板聚集功能的影响

目的探讨离心力对制备浓缩血小板聚集功能的影响。方法使用多联袋ACD-B采集抗凝全血400 m l,以不同的离心力制备浓缩血小板,测定用离心法制备浓缩血小板过程中血小板聚集功能的变化。结果在1000×g 9 m in轻离心组、4650×g 6 m in重离心组、BC-PC法组及对照组的血小板聚集功能,组与组之间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论通过对离心法制备浓缩血小板过程中血小板聚集功能测定,表明离心力对血小板功能有明显的损害。     

1786例血小板输注的疗效分析

本研究旨在观察及分析临床血小板输注的疗效。用全自动血细胞分析仪检测1786例患者血小板输注前及输注后20-24 h静脉血中血小板数,计算血小板回收率(PPR),结合输注血小板后出血表现判断输注疗效,并根据病因、输注次数、输注的血小板种类及是否一次性足量输注对血小板输注有效率进行统计学分析。结果表明:1786例患者总血小板输注有效率为52.5%。按不同病因分组的组间血小板输注有效率有统计学差异(P<0.01),其中白血病组和再生障碍性贫血(AA)组血小板输注有效率最低,与其余组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),手术组的血小板输注有效率最高。按血小板输注次数分组的组间血小板输注有效率有统计学差异(P<0.01),且随着输注次数的增加,血小板输注有效率逐步降低。按输注的血小板种类分组,浓缩血小板组(一次足量输注)和单采血小板组血小板输注有效率有统计学差异(P<0.01)。浓缩血小板输注按是否一次性足量输注分组:血小板输注有效率组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:患者病因和输注次数与血小板输注有效率密切相关;血小板输注次数越多,血小板输注无效的可能性越高;单采血小板疗效明显优于浓缩血小板;浓缩血小板血小板是否足量输注与输注有效率无显著性相关。     

不同模式制备浓缩血小板的临床应用研究

目的分析不同汇集白膜层(PBC)法制备浓缩血小板在输血患者中的输注疗效以及血小板质量。方法选取承德医学院附属医院血液科2017年1月至2018年11月收治的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者90例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组30例。A组使用全血室温过夜PBC法制备的浓缩血小板,B组使用白膜室温过夜法制备的浓缩血小板,C组使用即时PBC法制备的浓缩血小板。比较3种模式制备浓缩血小板的质量以及患者临床应用效果,并记录不良反应。结果3组红细胞混入量、血小板数量、血小板容量以及pH值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者输注1、24h后血小板计数(PLT)均较输注前显著升高,输注24h后PLT均较输注1h后降低(P<0.05);3组患者输注1、24h后PLT以及PLT校正增加值(CCI)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论3种模式制备的浓缩血小板质量以及患者的输注疗效、安全性均相当。     

2种国产血小板滤器滤除白细胞对体外血小板功能的影响

目的考察2种血小板滤器滤除手工法制备的浓缩血小板中的白细胞后血小板功能的变化情况。方法采用富血小板血浆法(PRP法)以400 ml新鲜全血制备浓缩血小板,将6袋ABO同型的浓缩血小板汇集,并用2种国产血小板型去白细胞滤器过滤,各10例(分别以A、B组代之),测定过滤前后的血小板计数、白细胞计数、pH值、血小板CD62p阳性表达率、血小板聚集和低渗休克等指标。结果血小板去白过滤后,A、B 2种滤器(组)的血小板回收率、剩余白细胞数及pH值分别为(87.01±3.47)%vs(87.88±4.77)%、(0.95±0.90)×106vs(0.45±0.58)×106及(7.13±0.13)vs(6.80±0.26)(P>0.05);血小板过滤前后CD62p阳性表达率、血小板最大聚集率和低渗休克,A组分别为(8.06±4.11)%vs(8.21±4.50)%、(70.55±27.21)%vs(71.63±32.24)%和(68.14±10.13)%vs(69.18±9.38)%,B组分别为(10.34±3.26)%vs(10.47±2.42)%、(56.30±18.43)%vs(59.49±19.15)%和(75.73±5.50)vs(73.74±6.52)%(P>0.05)。结论所考察的2种血小板型去白细胞滤器过滤浓缩血小板未增加血小板的活化,对血小板聚集功能及抗低渗休克能力无明显影响,血小板回收率及剩余白细胞数符合相关标准。     

M-sol血小板保存液对血小板体外保存期间质量的影响

目的探讨M-sol血小板添加液对保存期血小板质量的影响。方法采集健康献血者标本5份,制备浓缩血小板,应用M-sol血小板添加液保存浓缩血小板,以富含血小板的血浆(血浆组)作对照,分别在保存1、5、7、10d检测血小板计数、平均血小板体积(MPV)、胶原诱导的聚集反应及葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生成。结果 M-sol保存组血小板溶液的pH、pCO2比血浆组稳定,血小板聚集率下降幅度比血浆组小,葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生成幅度低于血浆组。结论 M-sol添加液在血小板的体外保存期维持血小板质量的作用优于血浆。     

单采血小板和浓缩血小板在不同输注策略下的疗效分析

目的 回顾性分析单采血小板和浓缩血小板在不同输注策略下的临床效果,探索更加科学的输血方式。方法 收集2020年～2021年期间本院收治的血小板减少症患者279例,按输注策略将其分为A组(单独输注单采血小板),B组(单独输注浓缩血小板),C组(单采血小板和浓缩血小板同时输注)3组,测量3组患者输注前后24 h内的血小板并计算其CCI值,比较3组患者间CCI值,输注有效率及输血不良反应的差别,以及不同血型下3组间的疗效差别。结果 单采血小板单独输注的患者输注有效率更高,输血不良反应率更低,但输注疗效较低,仅为(14.63±13.48)(P<0.05);对比浓缩血小板单独输注的患者输注疗效可达(16.00±21.77),但输血有效率较低,输血不良反应率大幅升高;二者同时输注的患者则可以在保持输注疗效(16.21±16.33)的情况下大幅提高输注有效率,降低输血不良反应率。同时不同血型对血小板的输注疗效也存在影响。结论 单采血小板和浓缩血小板同时输注的患者可以在保证输注量的情况下有效提高患者的输注疗效,降低输血不良反应率,是具备一定可行性及安全性的输血策略。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.