腹腔镜下单极电消融术治疗子宫腺肌病术后痛经缓解程度的分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下单极电消融术治疗子宫腺肌病痛经缓解的疗效。方法 对20例子宫腺肌病患者行腹腔镜下单极电消融术，观察其痛经缓解情况，并将治疗前后痛经程度的各项指标根据慢性疼痛分级问卷法进行评分和统计学分析。结果 35％的患者术后第1个月痛经即消失；45％的患者术后3个月痛经消失；20％的患者术后随着月经周期的推移而逐渐缓解。平均观察4～8个月经周期，17例（85％）完全缓解，3例（15％）明显缓解，无部分缓解和无效病例。结论 腹腔镜下单极电消融术治疗子宫腺肌病，痛经缓解明显。     

Laparoscopic Uterine Artery Occlusion Combined with Uterine-sparing Pelvic Plexus Block and Partial Adenomyomectomy for Adenomyosis: A Video Case Report

ObjectiveAdenomyosis usually causes dysmenorrhea and anemia. Clinically, it is difficult to be treated with medicine or by traditional surgery, however, hysterectomy is always performed for radical treatment. In this article, we introduce a new method that could control the dysmenorrhea and the anemia through laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion (LUAO) combined with uterine-sparing pelvic plexus block and partial adenomyomectomy for uterus preservation.DesignSurgical video article. Local institutional review board approval for the video reproduction was obtained.SettingA 42-year-old patient, who had a history of a previous cesarean delivery, was admitted to our department with complaints of progressive dysmenorrhea for more than 5 years and aggravated with anemia for 1 year. The patient had failed treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and gonadotropin-releasing hormone and had to take painkillers for nearly half a year. The patient had no desire for another pregnancy. After careful consideration, the patient strongly rejected hysterectomy and demanded the preservation of the uterus, insisting on the integrity of the organs. A gynecologic examination showed that the uterus was hard and enlarged similar to one that is more than 8 gestational weeks, without tender nodules in the rectouterine pouch. The visual analog scale pain score was 7, and her hemoglobin was 93 g/L (after correction). The preoperative magnetic resonance imaging implied that there was 1 lesion in the posterior wall and the maximum diameter of the lesion was 7.8 cm.InterventionsWe performed laparoscopic partial adenomyomectomy combined with occlusion of uterine artery to limit the amount of intraoperative bleeding, dissected the uterine branch of pelvic plexus nerve, and performed electrocoagulation blocking to relieve the dysmenorrhea. The specific operation procedures are as follows (Video):Firstly, we opened the peritoneum through Cheng's triangle, which contained the external iliac blood vessels, the round ligament, and the infundibulopelvic ligament (Fig. 1).Secondly, we separated the lateral rectal space and exposed the ureter, the internal iliac artery, the uterine artery, and the deep uterine vein.Thirdly, we found that the pelvic plexus was located on the outside of the sacral ligament and was approximately 2 to 3 cm below the ureter, going against the sacral ligament and passing through below the deep uterine vein (Supplemental Video 1).Fourthly, we separated the 4 layers of the paracervix [1]. The first layer included the internal iliac artery and the uterine artery. The second layer was the ureter. The third layer was the deep uterine vein. The last layer was the pelvic plexus, which involved the forward-going bladder branch, the inward-going uterine branch, and the downward-going rectal branch (Supplemental Video 2). These anatomic structures are similar to the complex architecture of an overpass called the Cheng's Cross [2] (Fig. 2).In this operation, only the uterine artery and the uterine branch would be blocked. Finally, we performed the partial adenomyomectomy. The endometrium, the myometrial tissues, and the serosa were repaired in some layers with continuous suture, depending on the depth of incision.The operation time was 92 minutes, and the intraoperative hemorrhage was approximately 50 mL. The patient was able to get out of bed on the first day after the operation and urinate after removing the catheter. On the second day after the surgery, the patient had exhaustion and defecation. From the third day after the surgery, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Goserelin Acetate Sustained-Release Depot,3.6mg each, subcutaneous injection, name of the enterprise: AstraZeneca UK Limited) was used every 4 weeks, with a total of 3 times. Menstruation began on the 67th day after withdrawal of the drug. The results of postoperative condition of the patient followed up at 6 months after surgery were collected as follows: dysmenorrhea was significantly relieved (visual analog scale score was 2), hemoglobin was 123 g/L, and uterine volume was reduced to 43% of preoperative volume. The comparison of the patient's preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that the uterus was approximately the same size as that of a woman of the same age, and the incision healed well (Fig. 3).ConclusionAdenomyosis is a common gynecologic disease, mainly occurring in women of childbearing age. Adenomyosis is defined as endometrial glands and stroma that invade the myometrium and is surrounded by chronical inflammation in the endometrium [3]. Secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are the most common chief complaints in patients with adenomyosis, among which dysmenorrhea is the most unbearable symptom [2]. In the past, we had always treated adenomyosis by hysterectomy [4]. With the continuous pursuit of quality of life, it is difficult to meet clinical needs through drugs and traditional surgical methods. Uterine sparing surgery is a current trend in the treatment of adenomyosis, which enables women to maintain fertility and avoid the effects of hysterectomy on sexual function and mental discomfort.Dysmenorrhea can be divided into peripheral dysmenorrhea and central dysmenorrhea. According to our previous studies on dysmenorrhea, the uterine branch nerve has a controlling effect on dysmenorrhea [2]. The purpose of pelvic plexus uterine branch ablation is to further relieve dysmenorrhea by blocking nerve conduction pathways. Therefore, we selectively blocked the uterine branch nerve to alleviate the dysmenorrhea of adenomyosis.The uterine artery controls 90% of uterine blood flow. According to our team research, LUAO is an effective method to treat symptomatic uterine myomas and adenomyosis. We investigated the morphologic change and apoptosis occurring in myomal and adjacent myometrial tissues after LUAO. We concluded that apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways may lead to reduction of the volume of myoma and myometrium and eventually relief of symptoms [5,6]. We speculated “single organ shock uterine” to explain uterine artery occlusion (UAO) mechanism, which was different from uterine artery embolization. The single organ shock theory of UAO can still inhibit the growth of myomas effectively. It is difficult to completely remove adenomyosis lesions during surgery, especially for diffuse adenomyosis. Therefore, in our team, we performed UAO combined with resection of focal lesions in key areas for patients with diffuse adenomyosis, instead of pursuing radical resection [7,8]. The purpose of UAO is to reduce the amount of bleeding during surgery and further atrophy of residual and scattered adenomyosis lesions in utero [5,6]. The intraoperative blocking of the uterine artery can reduce intraoperative bleeding and operation time, improve operation quality, and decrease recurrence rate.In our team, this technique has been used in clinic for more than 10 years. Our previous studies have shown that LUAO combined with pelvic plexus uterine branch nerve block and resection of most of the adenomyosis has achieved satisfactory clinical efficacy as a treatment for adenomyosis [2,3]. With this procedure, we can help patients with adenomyosis retain their uterus and relieve the anxiety caused by hysterectomy. In conclusion, UAO and uterine branch ablation in uterine sparing laparoscopic treatment is a safe and effective method, which may be considered as a good choice for symptomatic adenomyosis.     

Uterine artery ligation for management of uterine fibroids.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of uterine artery ligation by the vaginal route for the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. A pilot study had suggested that the procedure was effective. METHODS: After bilateral uterine artery ligation, ultrasonic measurements of uterine and fibroid volumes were determined at 6 and 12 months in 21 women (age, 31-49 years) with symptomatic fibroids. The severity of symptoms was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean uterine and fibroid volumes were significantly reduced at 6 and 12 months. A consistent pattern of decreased duration of menstrual blood flow was recorded. All participants who completed follow-up expressed satisfaction with treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: The procedure was found to be a safe, inexpensive, and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids.     

Combination of laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and intraamniotic methotrexate injection for conservative management of cervical pregnancy

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the combination of laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and intraamniotic methotrexate injection may eliminate unexpected and uncontrolled massive uterine bleeding without compromising future fertility in women with cervical pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Tertiary-care university hospital. PATIENTS: Three women. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and intraamniotic methotrexate injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three cases of cervical pregnancy were diagnosed by ultrasound at 6, 7, and 9 weeks' gestation. After treatment, all three women experienced intermittent vaginal bleeding, but none required transfusion. Levels of b-human chorionic gonadotropin returned to normal within 7 weeks, and patients resumed normal menstruation within 11 weeks after treatment. One woman conceived an intrauterine pregnancy 3 months after restoration of normal menstruation, and was delivered at term. CONCLUSION: The combination of laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and intraamniotic methotrexate injection appears to be effective in preventing unexpected massive uterine bleeding in patients with cervical pregnancy, and does not compromise future fertility.     

子宫腺肌病及其保守性手术治疗

摘要：子宫腺肌病（adenomyosis,AM）多发生于30～50岁之间的妇女,造成严重的痛经、慢性盆腔痛、经量增多及不孕等,严重影响患者的生存质量。子宫切除术是根治性的治疗方法。保守性手术治疗包括子宫腺肌瘤楔形切除术及宫腔镜子宫内膜及子宫腺肌病病灶电切术的局部病灶切除和子宫动脉结扎术、腹腔镜子宫骶神经切断术、骶前神经切断术。恰当的手术方式应根据患者的年龄、症状、有无生育要求、病变部位及范围而决定。多种治疗方式相结合,对于提高手术疗效、缓解症状有重要的作用。      

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病76例疗效观察

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效.方法:用海藻酸钠微球(KMC)行子宫动脉栓塞术治疗76例子宫腺肌病患者,术后1月,3月,6月观察月经量、痛经程度、子宫大小、子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)的变化以及对卵巢功能的影响.结果:术后1月,3月,6月随访观察,患者痛经减轻(P＜0.01),月经量明显减少(P＜0.05),子宫体积不同程度缩小,术后3月平均缩小25.37%(P＜0.05),6月平均缩小39.86%(P＜0.01);RI显著下降(P＜0.01),内分泌激素FSH、LH、E2水平与术前相比无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论:子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病近期疗效显著,安全性好.     

Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels: a new method for treating symptomatic fibroids

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels in treating symptomatic fibroids. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary referral center. PATIENT(S): Eighty-seven women with symptomatic fibroids warranting surgical treatment and wanting to retain their uteri. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine arteries and anastomotic sites of uterine arteries with ovarian arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Percentage reduction in the dominant fibroid size and clinical response evaluation. RESULT(S): Eighty-five (97.7%) of 87 patients underwent technically successful laparoscopic coagulation of uterine vessels without intraoperative complications. The mean follow-up time was 10.2 months. Symptomatic improvement was reported in 76 (89.4%) of 85 patients, including 18 (21.2%) with complete resolution of symptoms. Significant reductions in the dominant fibroid size (average, 76%) and the uterine volume (average, 46%) were sonographically demonstrated. Two patients conceived 4 and 9 months, respectively, after treatment. Three (3.5%) premenopausal women became postmenopausal postoperatively. CONCLUSION(S): Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels appears to be a promising new method for treating fibroid-related menorrhagia and pelvic pain.     

Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is increasingly accepted as an alternative treatment for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of UAE in 3 diagnostic categories--submucosal leiomyoma, intramural leiomyoma, and adenomyosis--to assist in patient selection for this relative new form of therapy. METHODS: The medical records of 43 patients (aged 22 to 54 years) who underwent UAE for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma or adenomyosis were retrospectively reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for categorization of the patients into the 3 diagnostic categories, and also for objective measurement of the uterine and leiomyoma size, and subsequent imaging follow-up. UAE was performed using polyvinyl alcohol particles. Symptom improvement and complications after treatment were evaluated at gynecologist clinics using monthly questionnaires. The group differences in complete symptom resolution, uterine and leiomyoma size reduction, incidence of complications, and subsequent surgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 10.9 months. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in 13 out of 16 patients with submucosal leiomyoma (81%), 3 out of 15 patients (20%) with intramural leiomyoma (p = 0.002) and 3 out of 12 patients (25%) with adenomyosis (p = 0.01). The average reduction of leiomyoma size in the submucosal and intramural groups was 56% and 29%, respectively (p = 0.02). None of the patients died. Severe complications occurred in 3 of 43 patients (7%), including permanent amenorrhea in 2 and pelvic actinomycosis in 1 patient. The incidence of complications (p = 0.17) and subsequent surgery (p = 0.67) did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: UAE is an effective treatment for patients with symptomatic leiomyoma or adenomyosis. In this study, patients with submucosal leiomyoma had the best treatment outcome.     

子宫神经去除术治疗子宫腺肌症疼痛的临床观察

目的探讨子宫神经去除术（LUNA）治疗子宫腺肌症痛经及慢性盆腔痛的临床效果。方法对患有痛经、非经期盆腔痛或性交痛的子宫腺肌症患者进行LUNA手术。采用视觉模拟评分法对痛经、非经期盆腔痛及性交痛量化评分。结果对60例子宫腺肌症患者术后随访6～24个月，其痛经、非经期盆腔痛或性交痛的症状均有明显改善，手术前后三者的评分变化差异均有显著性（P〈0．01），但术后各阶段之间的比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。患者满意率术后3个月为76．92％，术后24个月为69．23％。结论LUNA对缓解子宫腺肌症引起的痛经及慢性盆腔痛具有一定的疗效。     

Laparoscopic occlusion compared with embolization of uterine vessels: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcome 6 months after treatment with bilateral laparoscopic occlusion of the uterine artery versus uterine leiomyoma embolization. METHODS: Sixty-six premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata were randomized to treatment with either laparoscopic occlusion of uterine arteries or uterine leiomyoma embolization. The primary outcome was reduction of blood loss from pretreatment to 6 months postoperatively, measured by a Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart. Secondary outcomes included patients' own assessment of symptom reduction, postoperative pain assessed using visual analog scales, ketobemidone used postoperatively, complications, secondary interventions, and failures. RESULTS: Fifty-eight women were included; 6-month follow-up data were available for 28 participants in each group. The percentage reduction in Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart scores did not differ between the treatment groups (52% after uterine leiomyoma embolization and 53% after laparoscopy, P=.96). The study had 52% power to detect a 20% difference on the Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart. Fewer participants in the group treated with uterine leiomyoma embolization complained of heavy bleeding after 6 months (4% compared with 21%, P=.044). The postoperative use of ketobemidone was higher after uterine leiomyoma embolization (46 mg compared with 12 mg, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Both laparoscopic occlusion of uterine vessels and embolizaton of uterine leiomyoma improved clinical symptoms in the majority of patients. Participants with the laparoscopic procedure had less postoperative pain but heavier menstrual bleeding 6 months after treatment. A larger study and longer follow-up is necessary before a definite conclusion can be made regarding the most effective treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: (www.ClinicalTrials.gov), NCT00277680 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.     

Laparoscopic temporary clipping of uterine artery during laparoscopic myomectomy

Purpose

Our aim is to study the feasibility and effect of bilateral laparoscopic temporary occlusion of uterine arteries by special vascular clamps on blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy.

Methods

Of 166 women with symptomatic uterine myomas necessitating surgical intervention who wished to retain their uteri, 80 underwent laparoscopic uterine artery clipping and myomectomy (experimental group) and 86 received laparoscopic myomectomy only (control group). Main outcome measures were operating time, number and weight of leiomyomas, blood loss, Doppler examination of the uterine arteries and complications of procedure.

Results

In the experimental group the median hemoglobin drop measured on day 3 postoperatively was 1.2?g/dl. In the control group the mean hemoglobin drop measured on day 3 postoperatively was 1.45?g/dl. The time needed to put the clips in place (the time from the opening of the retroperitoneum and the positioning of the clips) varied between 6 and 40?min. No patient required blood transfusion. There were no conspicuous complications.

Conclusion

The use of the clips has proved to be statistically effective in reducing hemoglobin loss during laparoscopic myomectomy.     

子宫动脉栓塞术和口服达那唑治疗子宫腺肌病的临床对比分析

目的:探讨行子宫动脉栓塞术和口服达那唑胶囊两种方法治疗子宫腺肌病的临床效果。方法:将我院2006年5月至2010年3月84例子宫腺肌病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方法的不同将患者分为两组,行子宫动脉栓塞术治疗的为子宫动脉栓塞组(44例),口服达那唑胶囊的为口服药物组(40例),观察2组患者治疗后3个月、6个月、1年、2年痛经变化、月经周期和量的改变、子宫体大小改变及部分患者的妊娠情况。结果:子宫动脉栓塞组术后痛经减轻、月经量明显减少和子宫体缩小情况均优于口服药物组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。子宫动脉栓塞组在随访过程中有妊娠愿望的患者妊娠率(66.7%)高于口服药物组(33.3%),而子宫动脉栓塞组肝功能损伤、闭经和术后复发的发生率(0、4.5%、6.8%)均低于口服药物组(27.5%、32.5%、67.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:子宫动脉栓塞术在子宫腺肌病临床治疗中疗效明显优于口服达那唑,并能够完整保留子宫,不良反应小,是值得推广的针对子宫腺肌病的微创治疗方法。     

超选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病痛经68例分析

目的探讨超选择性子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对子宫腺肌病痛经的临床疗效。方法对郑州大学第二附属医院妇产科2005年1月至2009年11月68例资料完整的采用UAE治疗有痛经的子宫腺肌病患者进行回顾性分析。术后1、3、6、12个月及以后每年1次随访观察并记录患者痛经缓解程度、月经量改变、血红蛋白变化及子宫体积变化情况。结果 UAE术后平均观察(36.3±12)个月。患者痛经缓解临床有效率为86.8%(59/68)、临床无效率为8.8%(6/68)、复发率4.4%(3/68);66例月经过多者UAE后月经量不同程度减少,1例出现闭经。子宫体积呈进行性缩小。结论 UAE治疗子宫腺肌病具有微创、安全、简单的特点,对于有痛经的患者疗效显著。     

Laparoscopically assisted Adenomyomectomy Using the Double/Multiple-Flap Method with Temporary Occlusion of the Bilateral Uterine Artery and Utero-Ovarian Vessels in Comparison with the Double/Multiple-Flap Only Method

Introduction Adenomyomectomy is the most conservative surgical treatment for adenomyosis. However, the surgical efficacy of this treatment and the best approach to use are still debated. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy using the double/multiple-flap method combined with temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine artery and the utero-ovarian vessels to treat symptomatic adenomyosis. Patients We recruited 155 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis and divided them into group A (n = 76) and group B (n = 79), with each group treated using a different surgical approach. All eligible women were informed of the potential complications, benefits, and alternatives of each approach before they were assigned into one of the two groups. In group A, we performed laparoscopic adenomyomectomy with the double/multiple-flap method while in group B, we performed a double/multiple-flap adenomyomectomy combined with temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine artery and utero-ovarian vessels. Over a 24-month follow-up period, we evaluated operating time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, anti-Mullerian hormone levels, uterine volume, and relief of menorrhagia. Results There were no significant differences between groups A and B with respect to VAS scores, relief of menorrhagia and uterine volume at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery (p > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement of these parameters after surgery compared with preoperative values (p < 0.05). Blood loss in group B was significantly lower than in group A (p < 0.001) while there was no significant difference in operating times (p > 0.05). Levels of AMH did not differ significantly between the groups throughout the follow-up period (p > 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy with temporary occlusion of the bilateral uterine artery and the utero-ovarian vessels offers a feasible surgical option to treat symptomatic adenomyoma. Key words: adenomyomectomy, bilateral uterine artery, utero-ovarian vessels, double/multiple flap, temporary occlusion     

Comparison of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device versus expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea are reduced in women with symptomatic endometriosis in whom a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (Lng-IUD) is inserted after operative laparoscopy compared with those treated with surgery only. DESIGN: Open-label, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: A tertiary care and referral center for patients with endometriosis. PATIENTS(S): Parous women with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea undergoing first-line operative laparoscopy for symptomatic endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S): Randomization to immediate Lng-IUD insertion or expectant management after laparoscopic treatment of endometriotic lesions.Proportions of women with recurrence of moderate or severe dysmenorrhea in the two study groups 1 year after surgery and overall degree of satisfaction with treatment.Moderate or severe dysmenorrhea recurred in 2 of 20 (10%) subjects in the postoperative Lng-IUD group and 9/20 (45%) in the surgery-only group. Thus, a medicated device inserted postoperatively will prevent the recurrence of moderate or severe dysmenorrhea in one out of three patients 1 year after surgery. A total of 15/20 (75%) women in the Lng-IUD group and 10/20 (50%) in the expectant management group were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received. CONCLUSION(S): Insertion of an Lng-IUD after laparoscopic surgery for symptomatic endometriosis significantly reduced the medium-term risk of recurrence of moderate or severe dysmenorrhea.     

Single square hemostatic suture for postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony

Objective

The objective of this study is to describe a novel technique for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

Methods

Single square hemostatic suture was performed for uterine atony when postpartum hemorrhage did not respond to medical therapy and bilateral uterine artery ligation. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 11 women and evaluated their endometrial cavity with hydrosonography after a follow-up period of 8–34 months.

Results

The single square hemostatic suture successfully stopped bleeding in all of the cases. Of the 11 women, 2 could not be traced. Menstruation started without delay in nine women. One of the women achieved pregnancy 25 months after surgery. The six women who underwent hydrosonography had an intact endometrial cavity.

Conclusions

For women who desire future fertility, and when bilateral uterine artery ligation is not sufficient to control PPH, single square suturing may be used as an effective and safe procedure.     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的中远期临床疗效观察

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)治疗子宫腺肌病(AM)的中远期疗效。方法对189例AM患者行UAE治疗,术前1个月及术后1、2、3、6、12、18个月及以后每年1次随访观察痛经、月经量的变化。结果(1)随访情况:UAE术后具有完整随访资料者168例,随访率88·9%,平均随访时间(50±15)个月。9例患者因痛经治疗无效或复发等原因而切除子宫。(2)痛经症状的变化:168例患者中,159例术前有痛经症状,UAE治疗后131例(82·4%,131/159)为临床有效,28例(17·6%,28/159)为临床无效,8例(5·0%,8/159)复发。AM合并和未合并子宫肌瘤患者的痛经临床有效率分别为92·9%(39/42)、78·6%(92/117),两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05);局灶型和弥漫型AM患者的痛经临床有效率分别为82·4%(75/91)、82·4%(56/68),两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(3)月经量的变化:在168例患者中,93例为月经量过多,UAE术后78例月经量恢复正常,10例出现月经量过少,1例出现暂时性闭经,2例月经量无变化,2例出现月经稀少;74例为月经量正常,术后57例月经量无变化,15例出现月经量过少,2例出现子宫性闭经;1例为月经量过少的患者,术后月经量恢复正常。结论UAE治疗AM具有较好的中远期疗效。     

YAG laser contact therapy of ovarian endometriosis under laparoscopy]

Thirty-six patients with ovarian endometriosis were treated with Nd:YAG laser contact irradiation under laparoscopic control. Indications for laparoscopy were infertility (n = 20) and dysmenorrhea (n = 16). The laparoscopic procedures so far undertaken in our clinic include: Aspiration of chocolate cyst, removal of ovarian endometriosis, adhesion-lysis, uterine nerve ablation, coagulation of peritoneal endometriosis and irrigation. No complications were seen. After undergoing this procedure, eight of 20 patients achieved pregnancy and 15 of 16 patients obtained pain relief. Serum CA125 levels were significantly decreased postoperatively. We confirmed that contact irradiation with a cone-shaped sapphire probe provides adequate incision and lysis at lower power levels, and that this method is an effective treatment for ovarian endometriosis.     

子宫内膜切除术治疗月经过多400例分析

目的：总结子宫内膜切除术治疗月经过多的手术指征、手术方法、预后及体会。方法：应用连续灌流宫腔电切镜，对４００例手术指征为保守治疗无效的月经过多、无生育要求、合并粘膜下肌瘤直径≤５ｃｍ的病人行子宫内膜切除术。４００例行子宫内膜切除术中，７２例同时切除子宫肌瘤，术中子宫穿孔３例。术后随访３个月至４年者３６６例，１３例因异常出血行第二次手术。结果：１６例因手术失败切除子宫，其余３５０例月经均有所改善，手术成功率９５．６％。术后１４６例（４１．７％）无月经，１１９例（３４．０％）月经为点滴状，８５例（２４．３％）经血明显减少，原有痛经者７８．３％痛经消失或减轻。术后远期合并症有异常出血２２例，宫腔积血５例，子宫腺肌病４例。结论：子宫内膜切除术可减少或停止月经，减轻痛经，同时切除肌瘤疗效较满意。     

Addition of laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation to laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels for women with uterine myomas and dysmenorrhea.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA) in women with dysmenorrhea caused by uterine myomas treated by laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels (LBCUV). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, longitudinal study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: Private practice, university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: Eighty-five women with uterine leiomyomas and associated dysmenorrhea. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of uterine vessels with or without LUNA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 85 patients who entered the study, 41 were assigned to undergo LBCUV-LUNA (group A), which was successful in 40 (97.6%). In 44 women assigned to have LBCUV only (group B), 43 (97.7%) underwent successful surgery. Eighty women completed 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up (38 group A, 42 group B). The groups did not differ significantly in age, history of abdominopelvic surgery, intraperitoneal adhesions, endometriosis, concomitant surgery, and operating time. Seven (18.4%) of 38 women in group A and 12 (28.6%) of 42 in group B experienced lower abdominal pain postoperatively. Acceptable pain was defined as a score of zero or 1: 31 and 30 women in groups A and B reported scores of zero; 3 and 2 reported scores of 1; 4 and 8 reported scores of 2; zero and 2 reported scores of 3; and no patients reported scores of 4. The frequency and severity of postoperative pain were less in group A than in group B (both p <0.05). The efficacy of both methods was almost equal in shrinking the uterus and dominant myoma, and in improving menorrhagia and bulk-related symptoms. Dysmenorrhea improvement was 84.2% and 61.9% in groups A and B at 3 months and 92.1% and 73.8% at 6 months, respectively. This was more significant in group A than in group B (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that LUNA may decrease postoperative ischemic pain and improve dysmenorrhea associated with uterine myomas treated by LBCUV.