介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸及溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞

目的探讨介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞的临床效果和应用价值。方法124例周围动脉急性血栓性阻塞患者接受DSA检查和介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸联合局部溶栓术治疗。结果全组总的介入治疗成功率97.58%（121/124）。血管完全开通率82.26%（102/124）,部分开通率15.32%（19/124）,无效率2.42%（3/124）。部分开通的19例辅以PTA联合内支架植入术后血管完全开通。并发症发生率6.45%（8/124）。结论介入腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓治疗周围动脉急性血栓闭塞疾病,疗程短、成功率高、疗效显著、并发症少,恰当辅以PTA和内支架植入可显著提高治疗成功率。     

介入性溶栓治疗动脉血栓19例报告

目的 探讨动脉血栓的介入性溶栓治疗的临床价值。方法 对19例动脉血栓病人采用选择性血管内溶栓及经皮穿刺血管成形术(PTA)。结果本组平均溶栓时间3.7 h,尿激酶平均用量45×10~5IU,溶栓治疗成功率94.74％(18/19),14例血管完全开通,4例部分开通,1例无效。4例PTA,2例明显改善。结论 动脉血栓的介入性溶栓治疗效果显著,可作为治疗血栓闭塞性疾患优先选择的方法。     

胫腓动脉血管成形术治疗下肢严重缺血35例

目的 评价胫腓动脉经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢严重缺血的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 对2004年6月至2007年5月收治的35例胫腓动脉闭塞的下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)患者应用PTA治疗.评价的主要参数为:胫腓动脉PTA技术成功率、通畅率、救肢率和并发症.结果 胫腓动脉PTA的技术成功率为83%,平均随访11.5个月,通畅率为57%,救肢率82%.胫腓动脉平均扩张长度9.5 cm(4.5～14 cm),19例患者同时行髂或股胭动脉PTA或支架术.有3例并发症发生,其中1例动脉痉挛和血栓形成,经溶柃、解痉等治疗缓解;2例动脉穿孔,未有严重后果.结论 PTA治疗CLI合并胫腓动脉闭塞具有较高技术成功率和救肢率,较少发生严重并发症,是一种安全、有效可供选择的治疗方法.     

机械血栓清除术治疗急性-亚急性股腘动脉支架内血栓21例

目的探讨机械血栓清除术(percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy,PMT)治疗急性-亚急性股腘动脉支架内血栓的疗效。方法 2016年1月～2018年1月对21例因急性-亚急性股腘动脉支架内血栓行PMT(16例选择Rotarex机械血栓切除系统,5例选择AngioJet机械血栓切除系统),17例辅助动脉置管溶栓(catheter directed thrombolysis,CDT)和经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)、支架成形术。结果病变长度(15.5±4.9) cm。技术成功率Angiojet组100%(5/5);Rotarex组68.8%(11/16),5例联合CDT后成功率100%。辅助CDT 5例,残余病变行单纯PTA 12例,PTA辅助支架成形2例。临床成功率90.5%(19/21)。术后踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)中位数0.72(0.40～1.20),明显高于术前中位数0.26(0.00～0.76)(Z=-3.640,P=0.001)。远端动脉栓塞发生率28.6%(6/21),穿刺点出血3例(14.3%),无穿孔、夹层、支架移位和肾功能衰竭并发症。21例随访(13.5±6.1)月,6个月一期通畅率81.1%(17/21),二期通畅率100.0%(21/21),无死亡,1例(4.8%)术后2个月患足因坏疽合并感染行足部截肢。结论机械血栓清除术适用于急性-亚急性股腘动脉支架内血栓。     

股浅动脉支架成形术后再狭窄腔内治疗进展

<正>近年来,随着血管腔内治疗技术的发展,以经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和经皮血管腔内支架成形术(percutaneous transluminal stenting angioplasty,PTSA)为代表的血管腔内技术日益成熟,在股浅动脉(superficial femoral artery,SFA)硬化闭塞症的治     

下肢深静脉血栓的介入治疗

目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓（LEDVT）介入治疗的效果。方法237例LEDVT患者接受下肢静脉造影和介入性治疗,其中102例植入永久下腔静脉滤器（IVCF）,11例植入临时IVCF;151例血管内留置导管溶栓;86例导管血栓碎吸基础上导管溶栓;26例股、髂静脉单纯PTA,37例并支架植入。结果介入治疗有效率97.89%,肺栓塞（PE）13例,经介入溶栓均抢救成功。结论经皮经腔介入治疗LEDVT疗效较好。使用插管溶栓、机械性血栓碎吸等个体化组合应用可提高成功率、降低并发症率。     

膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞血管腔内成形术的治疗

目的探讨血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年6月至2009年7月我科采用PTA治疗的34例(38条患肢)膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 35条患肢PTA治疗成功,技术成功率为92%(35/38),平均随访8(3～18)个月,踝肱指数(ABI)由术前的0.41±0.12上升至0.82±0.05(P0.01),总的肢体保全率为91.4%。无住院死亡,并发症发生率为13%(5/38)。结论 PTA治疗膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞短期内具有较好的临床疗效,可以明显减少截肢率,是一种治疗膝下动脉病变至下肢缺血有效且安全的方法。     

血管腔内成形术治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 探讨血管腔内成形术治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2002年12月至2008年12月收治的61例(76条血管)髂动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料,其中男46例,女15例.平均年龄(67±11)岁.主要临床症状包括严重的间歇性跛行(跛行距离<100 m)38例,静息痛13例,肢/趾端溃疡10例.TASC A型病变29例,B型16例,C型11例,D型5例.应用导丝导管或超声消融开通闭塞段,行腔内支架置入术后随访.结果 61例患者71条血管成功开通(共置入63枚支架),开通率93%(71/76).成功者临床症状改善率100%.踝肱指数(ABI)由术前0.33±0.17提高到术后0.72±0.20,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).随访51例,随访率83%.随访时间6-60个月,平均(26±14)个月.1年通畅率90%(TASC A、B组92%;TASC C、D组84%).3年通畅率75%(TASC A、B组80%;TASC C、D组63%);5年通畅率72%.结论 髂动脉硬化闭塞的腔内成形术较传统的血管重建手术创伤小、并发症低,近、中期通畅率相当.     

52例肢体动脉血栓形成行血管腔内治疗的护理体会

目的 总结肢体动脉血栓形成患者行血管腔内治疗的护理经验。方法 回顾性分析解放军第九七〇医院2015年3月至2021年3月经腔内治疗的52例肢体动脉血栓形成患者的临床资料,探讨以导管接触溶栓（catheter-directed thrombolysis,CDT）为主的血管腔内治疗围手术期所表现出的护理问题及与之相应的护理措施。结果 本组患者均能耐受腔内手术,手术成功率为94.2%(49/52),单纯CDT 23例,CDT+经皮腔内血管成形术（percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA）19例,CDT+PTA+支架置入10例,无围手术期死亡病例。结论 通过全面细致的术前准备,术中实时与患者沟通、倾听患者主诉,术后严密观察病情和预防各种并发症的发生等各种护理措施,及时有效避免不良事件的发生,为手术成功提供护理保障。实施全面且有预见性的护理措施,是腔内技术治疗肢体动脉血栓形成患者取得满意效果的重要前提。     

介入疗法在急性肢体动脉闭塞治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨介入疗法在急性肢体动脉闭塞治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结28例急性肢体动脉闭塞介入治疗经验。采用经皮血管腔内成形术和动脉内溶栓术治疗上肢动脉闭塞5例、腹主动脉下段闭塞1例、下肢动脉闭塞22例。结果经术后4个月~9年临床观察,急性单段动脉闭塞血管再通率为100%(8/8例)、多段动脉闭塞血管再通率为80%(16/20例),总血管再通率为85.71%(24/28例)。结论介入疗法是治疗急性肢体动脉闭塞的一种有效方法,值得推广应用。     

Percutaneous catheter thrombus aspiration for acute or subacute arterial occlusion of the legs: how much thrombolysis is needed?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of a combined percutaneous endovascular approach including thrombus aspiration, catheter thrombolysis, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to treat acute and subacute occlusions of native leg arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of this catheter therapy in 89 consecutive patients (93 legs) in a single centre. RESULTS: Treatment was initially successful in 90% of legs. Mortality at 30 days was 8%, and at 12 months 19%. Amputation-free survival at 12 months was 78%. Aspiration alone was sufficient in 31% of cases, urokinase (mean dose 112 500+/-55 900 IU) was used in 22%, PTA was added in 69%. There was no major bleeding except for one false aneurysm treated by ultrasound-guided compression. Secondary interventions within 12 months were required in 30% of cases (14 endovascular, 16 open surgical procedures). CONCLUSIONS: Catheter thrombus aspiration in combination with thrombolysis and/or PTA is highly effective. Only in a minority of patients are thrombolytics in modest doses necessary, and serious bleeding complications are rare. We recommend this procedure as first-line treatment for acute or subacute infrainguinal arterial occlusions.     

导管接触溶栓治疗四肢非开放性外伤后动脉血栓形成

目的：探讨应用导管接触溶栓（CDT）治疗四肢外伤（非开放性）后动脉血栓形成的临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析2005年3月—2013年3月收治的152例四肢外伤后动脉血栓形成行CDT治疗患者（152条肢体）的临床资料。患者均接受CDT治疗,其中单纯CDT 89例,CDT+腔内球囊扩张成形（PTA）51例,CDT+PTA+支架置入12例。 结果：全组导管溶栓时间为1~7 d,平均（4±1.5）d。治愈105例（69.1%）,其中单纯CDT 72例,CDT+PTA 21例,CDT+PTA+支架置入12例;有效30例（19.7%）,均施行CDT+PTA治疗;无效17例（11.2%）,其中一期截肢15例（9.9%）。5例（3.3%）溶栓过程中发生二次栓塞,调整导管位置后继续溶栓;23例（15.1%）术后发生小腿骨筋膜室综合征行骨筋膜室切开减压术,均保肢成功。随访132例（86.8%）,随访时间12~108个月,平均（50±22）个月。除2例行二期截肢外,余随访患者均无症状加重或复发。 结论：CDT治疗四肢外伤后动脉血栓形成是一种安全、有效、微创的方法。     

经皮穿刺血管成形术治疗移植肾动脉狭窄

为了观察血管成形术在移植肾动脉狭窄的治疗作用。我们将18例移植肾动脉狭窄并高血压的患者进行了血管成形术治疗。疗效以临床随访、血管造影和超声追踪为评价。结果18例患者手术均成功，成形术后，所有患者均治愈。认为血管成形术是移植肾动脉狭窄所致长期高血压和肾功能减退的有效的和首选的治疗方法。     

Use of interventional procedures for peripheral arterial occlusive disease in Ontario between 1991 and 1998: a population-based study

PURPOSE: Although peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a public health issue in the elderly population, limited population-based data are available on use of interventional procedures in Canada. We describe trends in use of interventional procedures to treat PAOD in Ontario over the past decade. METHODS: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted for fiscal years 1991 to 1998 with Ontario administrative databases to identify all arterial bypass surgeries, angioplasty procedures, and amputations performed. RESULTS: A total of 19,332 bypass operations, 16,334 angioplasty procedures, and 17,534 amputations were identified. Population-based rates showed that angioplasty use peaked at about 110 per 100,000 at age 65 to 74 years, arterial bypass surgery use peaked at 129 per 100,000 at age 75 to 84 years, and amputation use peaked at 138 per 100,000 at age 85 years or older. All types of interventional procedures to treat PAOD were performed more frequently in men than in women. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted rate of arterial bypass surgery decreased significantly, from 77 to 61 per 100,000 population aged 45 years or older (P =.0002, linear regression analysis), whereas rate for PTA increased significantly, from 59 to 75 per 100,000 population aged 45 years or older (P =.0005). The overall major amputation rate declined slightly over the study period, influenced by the decreased rate in patients aged 85 years or older. The revascularization rate in patients aged 85 years or older increased (P =.055). CONCLUSION: Reduced use of arterial bypass surgery and increased use of angioplasty procedures has occurred over the past decade and may reflect a change in the practice pattern of vascular surgeons in Ontario, who have become more conservative in treating localized disease and reserve surgical interventions for more severe forms of PAOD. The slight reduction in overall major amputation rate, driven by decreased rate in patients aged 85 years or older, may reflect a trend toward a more aggressive revascularization approach in this age group.     

Stationäre Versorgung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) durch die Gefäßchirurgie

Background

The incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is increasing continuously in Germany. Besides vascular surgery other medical disciplines participate in the management whereby in addition to vascular surgery only angiology as a specialty exclusively includes the treatment of vascular diseases. A current survey among vascular surgeons in leading positions was initiated to estimate the importance of vascular surgery for the treatment of PAOD in Germany. In addition the therapeutic spectrum within the discipline of vascular surgery was evaluated.

Material and methods

Between February and May 2013 a structured survey was sent to all head vascular surgeons of the 262 German vascular departments and sections registered by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin (DGG, German Vascular Society). Besides questions on structural characteristics of the institution, there were also questions on diagnostic techniques, the conservative and invasive therapeutic spectrum as well as mortality and amputation rates as quality indicators. All participants were instructed to give the answers in accordance with the officially recognized internal hospital control data.

Results

A total of 120 questionnaires were returned (45.8?%) collating data from 45 basic and regular care hospitals (37.5?%), 42 primary care hospitals (35?%), 25 maximum care hospitals (20.8?%) and 7 university hospitals (5.8?%) and included 8 outpatient institutions with inhospital treatment possibilities (6.7?%). Of the institutions 29 were not certified as German vascular centers (24.17?%) but all other institutions were either certified according to the DGG (17.5?%) or in combination with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Angiologie (DGA, German Society of Angiology) and the Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (DRG, German Radiology Society) (24.2?%) and 5 institutions were exclusively certified according to the DGA (4.2?%). The whole spectrum of operative, hybrid and conservative treatment of PAOD was available at all vascular surgical institutions as well as duplex sonography (95.8?%) and angiography (91.4?%) as diagnostic tools within the department or in cooperation with other departments. All vascular surgery departments performed conservative therapy for PAOD in addition to surgical therapeutic interventions but the majority were invasive procedures. Of the invasive procedures 51.8?% were performed as percutaneous interventions and in the infragenual region 55.7?% of procedures were performed as percutaneous endovascular interventions. Among all PAOD patients operative pelvic procedures were associated with the highest mortality rate (3.8?%) and the lowest (0.8?%) with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The major amputation rate was 7.7?% following open or hybrid surgery and 3.2?% following PTA. The status of certification had no effect on these quality indicators.

Conclusion

Departments of vascular surgery in Germany comprehensively cover the wide spectrum of interventions including conservative, endovascular and open surgical treatment of PAOD. Vascular surgery plays a major role in the management of PAOD patients in Germany.     

Comparison of early clinical results of contact laser thermal angioplasty with a metal hot tip with balloon angioplasty

Contact laser thermal angioplasty with a metal hot tip heated by an Argon laser system (Trimedyne Inc.) was performed on 34 peripheral arterial occlusive or stenotic regions (7 iliac, 20 femoral and 7 popliteal arteries) in 22 patients with ASO. The early clinical results of laser angioplasty were investigated by comparing those of 15 patients treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). There was no perforation of the arterial wall caused by thermal ablation with the hot tip heated by repeated pulses under power conditions of 10 watts of laser energy for 5 seconds. Detachment of the hot tip caused by frequent healing without a sufficient period of tip cooling was observed in 2 cases. Acute thrombosis was observed in 1 patient during reconstruction of the proximal artery. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 91.2% and 86.7%, respectively. Re-stenosis or occlusion was observed in 7 of 31 regions 6 months after laser angioplasty. Satisfactory results were not obtained in the femoral artery. The overall patency rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 77.4% and 69.2%, respectively. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty in totally obstructed arterial regions was higher than that of PTA.     

Combination treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome: open surgical decompression and intraoperative angioplasty

OBJECTIVE: Residual subclavian vein stenosis after thoracic outlet decompression in patients with venous thoracic outlet syndrome is often treated with postoperative percutaneous angioplasty (PTA). However, interval recurrent thrombosis before postoperative angioplasty is performed can be a vexing problem. Therefore we initiated a prospective trial at 2 referral institutions to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined thoracic outlet decompression with intraoperative PTA performed in 1 stage. METHODS: Over 3 years 25 consecutive patients (16 women, 9 men; median age, 30 years) underwent treatment for venous thoracic outlet syndrome with a standard protocol at 2 institutions. Twenty-one patients (84%) underwent preoperative thrombolysis to treat axillosubclavian vein thrombosis. First-rib resection was performed through combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular incisions. Intraoperative venography and subclavian vein PTA were performed through a percutaneous basilic vein approach. Postoperative anticoagulation therapy was not used routinely. Venous duplex ultrasound scanning was performed postoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Intraoperative venography enabled identification of residual subclavian vein stenosis in 16 patients (64%), and all underwent intraoperative PTA with 100% technical success. Postoperative duplex scans documented subclavian vein patency in 23 patients (92%). Complications included subclavian vein recurrent thrombosis in 2 patients (8%), and both underwent percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, with restoration of patency in 1 patient. One-year primary and secondary patency rates were 92% and 96%, respectively, at life-table analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Residual subclavian vein stenosis after operative thoracic outlet decompression is common in patients with venous thoracic outlet syndrome. Combination treatment with surgical thoracic outlet decompression and intraoperative PTA is a safe and effective means for identifying and treating residual subclavian vein stenosis. Moreover, intraoperative PTA may reduce the incidence of postoperative recurrent thrombosis and eliminate the need for venous stent placement or open venous repair.     

Incidence and clinical significance of distal embolization during percutaneous interventions involving the superficial femoral artery

OBJECTIVE: Distal embolization of plaque or thrombus may cause organ ischemia following percutaneous peripheral interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of particulate embolization during percutaneous superficial femoral artery (SFA) intervention by monitoring with continuous Doppler ultrasound. The rate and timing of embolization at various phases of intervention such as guidewire crossing, balloon angioplasty, stent deployment, and directional atherectomy were analyzed and compared. METHODS: Sixty patients underwent SFA intervention. Of these 60 patients, 10 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone, 40 patients underwent PTA with stenting, and 10 patients underwent plaque excision with the SilverHawk atherectomy device (8) or Spectranetics excimer laser (2) with or without additional PTA or stent placement. A 4-MHz Doppler probe was used for continuous monitoring in the ipsilateral popliteal artery. Distal embolization was registered as embolic signals (ES). ES were quantitatively assessed during critical portions of the procedure including guidewire crossing, balloon angioplasty, stent deployment and/or atherectomy. ES during different phases of intervention were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: ES was noted in every patient during wire crossing, angioplasty, stent deployment and atherectomy. The average number of ES noted during guidewire crossing was 8, PTA was 12, stent deployment was 28, SiverHawk atherectomy was 49, and Spectranetics excimer laser was 51. The frequency of ES was statistically higher during stent deployment vs wire crossing or balloon angioplasty but equivalent to that generated by plaque excision. ES was observed more frequent during balloon angioplasty than during wire crossing. In one patient who was treated with the excimer laser, a single runoff vessel was occluded with embolic debris but patency was restored angiographically after thrombolysis. The patient went on to require below knee amputation. During follow-up, all patients with claudication reported improved symptoms and those with ulcers or gangrene demonstrated healing. The average increase in ankle-brachial index following intervention was 0.31. CONCLUSION: While ES were recorded at each step of SFA intervention, the frequency was greatest during stent deployment. Despite the frequency of these events, only one patient developed angiographically and clinically significant embolization. Thus, our findings do not support the routine use of protection devices during percutaneous SFA intervention.