Incidence trends and mortality rates of gastric cancer in Israel

Background

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide. The incidence trends and mortality rates of gastric cancer in Israel have not been studied in depth. The aim of our study was to try and investigate the aforementioned issues in Israel in different ethnic groups.

Methods

This retrospective study is based on the data of The Israel National Cancer Registry and The Central Bureau of Statistics. Published data from these two institutes were collected, summarized, and analyzed in this study.

Results

Around 650 new cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed yearly in Israel. While we noticed a decline during the period 1990–2007 in the incidence in the Jewish population (13.6–8.9 and 6.75–5.42 cases per 100,000 in Jewish men and women, respectively), an increase in the Arab population was noticed (7.7–10.2 and 3.7–4.2 cases per 100,000 in men and women, respectively). Age-adjusted mortality rates per 10,000 cases of gastric cancer decreased significantly, from 7.21 in 1990 to 5.46 in 2007, in the total population. The 5-year relative survival showed a slight increase for both men and women.

Conclusion

There is a difference in the incidence and outcome of gastric cancer between the Jewish and Arab populations in Israel. The grim prognosis of gastric cancer patients in Israel is probably due to the advanced stage at which gastric cancer is diagnosed in Israel.     

Breast cancer incidence and mortality in a Caribbean population: comparisons with African-Americans

We describe breast cancer incidence and mortality in the predominantly African-origin population of Barbados, which shares an ancestral origin with African-Americans. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated from histologically confirmed breast cancer cases identified during a 45-month period (July 2002-March 2006). Mortality rates were estimated from death registrations over 10-years starting January 1995. There were 396 incident cases of breast cancer for an incidence rate of 78.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 70.5-86.3), standardized to the US population. Breast cancer incidence in African-Americans between 2000 and 2004 was 143.7 (142.0-145.5) per 100,000. Incidence peaked at 226.6 (174.5-289.4) per 100,000 among Barbadian women aged 50-54 years, and declined thereafter, a pattern in marked contrast to trends in African-American women, whose rates continued to increase to a peak of 483.5 per 100,000 in those aged 75-79 years. Incidence rate ratios comparing Barbadian and African-American women showed no statistically significant differences among women aged>or=55 years (p相似文献   

Breast cancer incidence, mortality and survival in the Umbria region of Italy (1978-1999).

Recent incidence, mortality and survival rates of female invasive breast cancer in the Umbria region were compared with data of 20 years ago and with data from other Italian Registries. Incidence data, derived from an ad hoc survey and from cancer registry records, were analysed for the periods 1978-1982 and 1994-1999; mortality trend rates were calculated based on data from official publications and the variation was assessed by joinpoint analysis. Fifteen-year survival rates, observed, relative and age-adjusted, were also calculated. Compared with the years 1978-1982, the age-adjusted incidence rates rose during 1994-1999, while age-adjusted mortality rates decreased in this latter period. Incidence and mortality rates specific for each age group showed a constant increase with age, in both periods of observation, especially among women from 50 to 75 years of age. The 5-year relative survival rates increased 17%, rising from 0.71 in 1978-1982 to 0.86 in 1994-1998; the survival improvement was evident among women aged 45-54, and 65-74. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates in Umbria were lower than in other Italian Registries and survival rates showed a better prognosis for breast cancers diagnosed in Umbria in the period 1994-1998. In conclusion, the 1994-1998 decline in breast cancer mortality and the survival improvement may in part reflect the effectiveness of earlier detection by mammography and the progress in treatments. Genetic and lifestyle factors along with the improvement in diagnosis, and in quality of data collection and classification could have determined the recorded increase in breast cancer incidence.     

Differences in pathological and clinical features of breast cancer in Arab as compared to Jewish women in Northern Israel

Breast cancer (BC) does not affect ethnic groups equally. BC mortality is higher in Israeli Palestinian Arab women than among Israeli Jewish women. This study aims to compare clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in the two populations. Records of 1,140 women with BC treated at Northern Israel between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed: 872 Jews and 268 Arabs. Age at diagnosis, tumor stage, pathological differentiation, estrogen receptor (ER) and HER-2 expression were evaluated. The main age at diagnosis was 49.9 years for Arabs and 59.4 years for Jews (p < 0.0001). Mean tumor size was < 2 cm in 25% of Arabs and 53% of Jews (p < 0.0001). Lymph node metastases presented in 64.6% of Arabs and 37.2% of Jews (p < 0.0001). Stage I disease was 19% in Arab and 49.2% in Jewish women while Stages III and IV disease was 42% and 11.3% respectively (p < 0.001). ER was positive in 69% of Arabs and in 78.5% of Jews (p < 0.001). Poorly differentiated tumors were found in 28.8% of Arabs vs. 12.8% in Jews (p < 0.0001). Overexpression of HER-2 was present in 35.4% of Arab and 22% of Jewish women (p < 0.001). We found that race is an important predictive factor for breast cancer. Arab women are diagnosed at younger age, with more advanced stage and biologically more aggressive disease than in Jewish women. Socioeconomic factors alone are not sufficient to explain significant effects of race on tumor characteristics. Findings suggest a different genetic susceptibility in the two populations which needs further research.     

Thyroid cancer mortality and incidence: A global overview

In most areas of the world, thyroid cancer incidence has been appreciably increasing over the last few decades, whereas mortality has steadily declined. We updated global trends in thyroid cancer mortality and incidence using official mortality data from the World Health Organization (1970–2012) and incidence data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1960–2007). Male mortality declined in all the major countries considered, with annual percent changes around ?2/?3% over the last decades. Only in the United States mortality declined up to the mid 1980s and increased thereafter. Similarly, in women mortality declined in most countries considered, with APCs around ?2/?5% over the last decades, with the exception of the UK, the United States and Australia, where mortality has been declining up to the late 1980s/late 1990s to level off (or increase) thereafter. In 2008–2012, most countries had mortality rates (age‐standardized, world population) between 0.20 and 0.40/100,000 men and 0.20 and 0.60/100,000 women, the highest rates being in Latvia, Hungary, the Republic of Moldova and Israel (over 0.40/100,000) for men and in Ecuador, Colombia and Israel (over 0.60/100,000) for women. In most countries, a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (mainly papillary carcinomas) was observed in both sexes. The declines in thyroid cancer mortality reflect both variations in risk factor exposure and changes in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, while the increases in the incidence are likely due to the increase in the detection of this neoplasm over the last few decades.     

Evaluation of recent trends in cancer mortality and incidence among blacks

Recent trends in the cancer incidence, mortality, and 5-year survival rate for the black population were evaluated using the available national data up to 1981. Blacks have the highest overall age-adjusted cancer rates in both incidence and mortality of any US population group. The overall cancer incidence rates for blacks rose 17%, while for whites it increased 13% from 1969 to 1981. The rate in black men has increased 22.9%, while the rate in black women has increased 13.1%. The overall increase is the result of increases in cancers of the lung, prostate, colon-rectum, and esophagus. The age-specific incidence of lung cancer reflects the decrease of its incidence in those between 20 and 40 years of age because of the change in smoking habits after the Surgeon General's report on smoking. The overall cancer mortality rates for blacks increased 39% during the period. Lung cancer had the highest mortality rate, having increased more than 77.8% since 1969. This trend greatly reflects the recent increase in lung cancer incidence among black women. The overall 5-year cancer survival pattern for blacks was almost unchanged from 1973 to 1981, while whites had slightly higher survival rates during this period. However, blacks had substantial increases in survival rates for cancers of the esophagus and bladder during the period.     

Report of incidence and mortality in China Cancer Registries, 2008

Objective: Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods: There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries’ data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area (urban or rural areas) were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results: The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 (330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female) and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and world standard population (ASIRW) were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 (228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female), and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.     

Breast cancer in Norway 1970-1993: a population-based study on incidence, mortality and survival.

The incidence, mortality and survival of breast cancer patients from 1970 to 1993 were studied using data from the Cancer Registry of Norway. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased from 62.0 to 76.9 per 100,000 person-years during the period, and more than 2000 cases are now registered annually. The increase tends to be highest in the age group below 40 years. The increase is mainly found in cases with localized tumours at the time of diagnosis. The mortality rate has been almost unchanged in the period; the age adjusted mortality rate is 27.0 per 100,000 person-years at the end of the study period. The 5-year overall survival has increased among cases with axillary lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis; the other stages show only little improvement.     

2016年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡分析

目的 分析2016年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况。方法 收集云南省24个肿瘤登记处上报的2016年恶性肿瘤发病、死亡及人口资料,对数据进行审核和汇总。计算恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的粗率、标化率、累积率(0~74岁)和前10位恶性肿瘤构成,并按地区(城市/农村)、性别和年龄进行分层分析。结果 2016年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病粗率为212.97/10万,中标率为153.45/10万,世标率为149.38/10万,累积率(0~74岁)为16.97%。男性发病率(227.23/10万)高于女性(198.27/10万),城市发病率(224.56/10万)高于农村(202.01/10万)。发病前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和宫颈癌。恶性肿瘤死亡粗率为127.26/10万,中标率为86.67/10万,世标率为85.64/10万,累积率(0~74岁)为9.85%。男性死亡率(157.09/10万)高于女性(96.41/10万),农村标化死亡率(中标率86.01/10万,世标率84.94/10万)与城市差别不大(中标率87.55/10万,世标率86.63/10万)。死亡前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和乳腺癌。结论 云南省恶性肿瘤发病和死亡处于较低水平,全面推进和进一步规范全省肿瘤随访登记工作,扩大重点癌症的早期筛查和早期治疗将是云南省癌症防控重点。     

Cutaneous lymphoma in Israel, 1985-1993: a population-based incidence study.

The incidence rate of cutaneous lymphomas (CL) [including mycosis fungoides (MF) and non-mycosis fungoides (non-MF)] for the period 1985-93 in Israel was determined using data from the population-based Cancer Registry supplemented by a field survey that covered approximately 80% of lymphoma cases. After the field survey, corrected rates were 49% and 24% higher for MF and non-MF respectively (37% for CL overall). The age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 were 1.18 and 0.63 for Jewish men and women respectively. MF rates (0.77 in men and 0.35 in women) were higher than non-MF (0.41 and 0.28 respectively). Rates of CL were significantly lower in non-Jews. There were no significant differences in incidence among Jewish ethnic subgroups. However, the lack of variability in the incidence of these neoplasms among subpopulations is in contrast with findings for cutaneous malignant melanoma; the observed high rates of CL could, nonetheless, be consistent with the sunlight exposure hypothesis, operating perhaps through a different mechanism.     

Trends in cervical and breast cancer in Iceland. A statistical evaluation of trends in incidence and mortality for the period 1955-1989, their relation to screening and prediction to the year 2000

The time trends in incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and breast cancer in Iceland, from 1955 to 1989, were analyzed by fitting curvilinear regressions to the age-standardized rates. The effect of the screening was evaluated by comparing the curvature of the fitted regression lines and changes in screening activity. The incidence and mortality rates for both cancer types were predicted up to the year 2000. At the commencement of cervical cancer screening in 1964, both the incidence and mortality rates were on the increase. After 1970, both rates decreased significantly. Assuming that regular attendance at screening will be 85%, it is predicted that the incidence and mortality rates will level out at about 7.5 and 2 cases per 100,000 women per year, respectively, by the year 1995 and remain at that level. The incidence of breast cancer has increased steadily since 1955. A sharp rise has been observed since 1987, due to screening with mammography. The mortality rate has shown small but significant fluctuations with time. The incidence rate is predicted to increase at the same rate as before 1987 (i.e. at 1.1 cases per 100,000 women per year), but at a slightly higher level and is predicted to reach 84 cases per 100,000 women per year by the year 2000. Breast cancer mortality is predicted to decrease to about 17 cases per 100,000 women per year by 1995 and to remain at that level.     

Cancer incidence and mortality patterns among specific Asian and Pacific Islander populations in the U.S.

Objectives We report cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distributions among Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) residing in the U.S. and note health disparities, using the cancer experience of the non-Hispanic white population as the referent group. New databases added to publicly available SEER*Stat software will enable public health researchers to further investigate cancer patterns among API groups. Methods Cancer diagnoses among API groups occurring from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2002 were included from 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program state and regional population-based cancer registries covering 54% of the U.S. API population. Cancer deaths were included from the seven states that report death information for detailed API groups and which cover over 68% of the total U.S. API population. Using detailed racial/ethnic population data from the 2000 decennial census, we produced incidence rates centered on the census year for Asian Indians/Pakistanis, Chinese, Filipinos, Guamanians, Native Hawaiians, Japanese, Kampucheans, Koreans, Laotians, Samoans, Tongans, and Vietnamese. State vital records offices do not report API deaths separately for Kampucheans, Laotians, Pakistanis, and Tongans, so mortality rates were analyzed only for the remaining API groups. Results Overall cancer incidence rates for the API groups tended be lower than overall rates for non-Hispanic whites, with the exception of Native Hawaiian women (All cancers rate = 488.5 per 100,000 vs. 448.5 for non-Hispanic white women). Among the API groups, overall cancer incidence and death rates were highest for Native Hawaiian and Samoan men and women due to high rates for cancers of the prostate, lung, and colorectum among Native Hawaiian men; cancers of the prostate, lung, liver, and stomach among Samoan men; and cancers of the breast and lung among Native Hawaiian and Samoan women. Incidence and death rates for cancers of the liver, stomach, and nasopharynx were notably high in several of the API groups and exceeded rates generally seen for non-Hispanic white men and women. Incidence rates were lowest among Asian Indian/Pakistani and Guamanian men and women and Kampuchean women. Asian Indian and Guamanian men and women also had the lowest cancer death rates. Selected API groups had less favorable distributions of stage at diagnosis for certain cancers than non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions Possible disparities in cancer incidence or mortality between specific API groups in our study and non-Hispanic whites (referent group) were identified for several cancers. Unfavorable patterns of stage at diagnosis for cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, cervix uteri, and prostate suggest a need for cancer control interventions in selected groups. The observed variation in cancer patterns among API groups indicates the importance of monitoring these groups separately, as these patterns may provide etiologic clues that could be investigated by analytic epidemiological studies. An erratum to this article can be found at     

International comparisons of mortality rates for cancer of the breast, ovary, prostate, and colon, and per capita food consumption

The 1978-1979 mortality rates for cancers of the breast, prostate, ovary, and colon in 26 to 30 countries were related to the average 1979-1981 food availability data published by the United Nations. The previously described relationship between breast cancer mortality rates and animal fat consumption continues to be evident, and applies also to the other three tumor types. The correlation with breast cancer was particularly strong in postmenopausal women. Since 1964, particularly notable increases in both breast cancer mortality rate and dietary fat intake have occurred in those countries with a relatively low breast cancer risk. The international comparisons support evidence from animal experiments that diets in which olive oil is a major source of fat are associated with reduced breast cancer risk. The excess in mortality rates for breast and ovarian cancer in Israel relative to the national animal fat consumption may be due to the mixed ethnic origin of the Israeli population. Positive correlations between foods and cancer mortality rates were particularly strong in the case of meats and milk for breast cancer, milk for prostate and ovarian cancer, and meats for colon cancer. All four tumor types showed a negative correlation with cereal intake, which was particularly strong in the case of prostate and ovarian cancer. Although, in general, there was a good positive correlation between prostate and breast cancer mortality rates and between prostate cancer and animal fat, discrepancies in national ranking indicate the operation of other etiologic factors that modify risk. The observed positive correlations between the four cancer mortality rates and caloric intake from animal sources, but negative correlations for vegetable-derived calories, suggest that, of the two, animal fat and not energy is the major dietary influence on cancer risk.     

2017年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析2017年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 收集云南省各肿瘤登记处上报的2017年恶性肿瘤发病、死亡数据和人口资料,按照性别和年龄分层计算云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病(死亡)率、中国人口年龄标化发病(死亡)率(简称中标率)、世界人口年龄标化发病(死亡)率(简称世标率)、0~74岁累积发病(死亡)率,同时分别对全省前五位发病和死亡的恶性肿瘤进一步分析。结果 云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率215.28/10万(男性227.56/10万,女性202.58/10万),中标率154.80/10万(男性164.57/10万,女性146.61/10万),世标率150.72/10万(男性162.67/10万,女性140.32/10万);恶性肿瘤发病率在40-岁年龄组前处于较低水平,之后开始快速上升,至80-岁年龄组达到高峰,之后有所下降;发病前五位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和宫颈癌。云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡率133.62/10万(男性163.62/10万,女性102.58/10万),中标率91.06/10万(男性114.85/10万,女性68.28/10万),世标率90.17/10万(男性114.40/10万,女性67.05/10万);恶性肿瘤死亡率在45-岁年龄组后快速上升,至85+岁年龄组时达到高峰;死亡前五位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和乳腺癌。结论 肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌为云南省较为严重的恶性肿瘤,应作为我省恶性肿瘤防控的重点,此外,中老年人恶性肿瘤死亡状况不容乐观,应及时掌握癌情特点,做好防控工作。     

Role of diagnostic and therapeutic improvements in the decline of gastric cancer mortality rate in Japan

The effects of improvements of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer on the decline in gastric cancer mortality rate in Niigata Prefecture were evaluated. Analysis of mortality statistics since 1950 and registries of surgical cases with gastric cancer in the 10 years from 1972 provided the following conclusions. (1) The age-adjusted gastric cancer mortality rate (the demography of Japan in 1965 was used for the standard population) began to decline in 1968, and the mean mortality rates were 60.5 per 100,000 population in 1958-1967 and 38.6 in 1981, showing 21.9 decrease in 14 years in Niigata Prefecture. (2) Surgical cases increased from 1,258 to 1,870, and those of early gastric cancer in particular showed a rapid increase from 133 to 421 in 10 years (1972-1981). (3) The age-adjusted early gastric cancer rate in surgical patients increased from 4.6 per 100,000 population to 11.5 within 10 years. Since the 5-year survival rate of patients with early gastric cancer is more than 90%, 30.1% of the decrease in the mortality rate should be attributed to patients with early gastric cancer who are surviving. (4) Improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for advanced gastric cancer might account for 16.0% of the decline in the mortality rate. (5) Overall, 46.1% of the decline in the mortality rate can be ascribed to improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and the remaining 53.9% to a decreased incidence of gastric cancer.     

An international comparison of male and female breast cancer incidence rates

Global international trends in female breast cancer incidence have been described previously but no comparable analysis of male breast cancer incidence rates has been conducted. We obtained male and female case and population data using Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5). We calculated age‐adjusted, sex‐specific incidence rates and female‐to‐male incidence rate ratios (FMIRRs) and compared trends of such for the period 1988–2002. This analysis included 8,681 male breast cancer cases and 1.14 million female breast cancer cases. The highest male incidence rate was observed in Israel at 1.24 per 100,000 man‐years, and the highest female incidence rate was observed in the United States at 90.7 per 100,000 woman‐years. The lowest incidence rates for males (0.16) and females (18.0) were observed in Thailand. In general, male breast cancer incidence trends were variable; a minority of countries displayed evidence for an increase. In contrast, female incidence rates have been increasing in a majority of countries. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for male and female breast cancer incidence rates by country during 1988–2002 was 0.69. Male breast cancer rates were generally less than 1 per 100,000 man‐years, in contrast to the much higher rates of female breast cancer, providing for an overall FMIRR of 122. The differences in both incidence rates and time trends between males and females may reflect sex differences in underlying risk factors, pathogenesis, and/or overdiagnosis. Conversely, the high correlation between male and female breast cancer incidences may indicate that both sexes share some common risk factors for breast cancer.     

Continuing declines in cancer mortality in the European Union.

BACKGROUND: From 1988 to 1997 age-standardised total cancer mortality rates in the European Union (EU) fell by around 9% in both sexes. Available cancer mortality data in Europe up to 2002 allow a first check of the forecast of further declines in cancer mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We considered trends in age-standardised mortality from major cancer sites in the EU during the period 1980-2002. RESULTS: For men, total cancer mortality, after a peak of 191.1/100,000 in 1987 declined to 177.8 in 1997 (-7%), and to 166.5 in 2002. Corresponding figures for females were 107.9/100,000, 100.5 and 95.2, corresponding to falls of 7% from 1987 to 1997, and to 5% from 1997 to 2002. Over the last 5 years, lung cancer declined by 1.9% per year in men, to reach 44.4/100,000, but increased by 1.7% in women, to reach 11.4. In 2002, for the first year, lung cancer mortality in women was higher than that for intestinal cancer (11.1/100,000), and lung cancer became the second site of cancer deaths in women after breast (17.9/100,000). From 1997 to 2002, appreciable declines were observed in mortality from intestinal cancer in men (-1.6% per year, to reach 18.8/100,000), and in women (-2.5%), as well as for breast (-1.7% per year) and prostate cancer (-1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the persisting rises in female lung cancer, the recent trends in cancer mortality in the EU are encouraging and indicate that an 11% reduction in total cancer mortality from 2000 to 2015 is realistic and possible.     

上海市金山区2002-2013年肺癌发病及死亡分析

目的 了解2002—2013年金山区肺癌发病与死亡特征,为制订有针对性肺癌防控措施提供依据。方法 通过肿瘤登记信息系统采集2002—2013年肺癌发病和死亡病例,计算粗发病率、粗死亡率、标化率、截缩率、累积率、潜在减寿年、潜在减寿率和标化减寿率。结果 2002—2013年,金山区肺癌粗发病率为70.79/10万,中标发病率为36.90/10万,世标发病率为36.65/10万,肺癌粗死亡率为62.53/10万,中标死亡率为32.30/10万,世标死亡率为31.99/10万,男性发病率和死亡率均高于女性。12年间,男性中标发病率无明显变化趋势(APC=-0.36%,P=0.632),女性中标发病率呈上升趋势(APC=4.42%,P＜0.001),同期男性肺癌中标死亡率呈下降趋势(APC=-1.70%,P=0.033),女性中标死亡率无明显变化趋势(APC=0.02%,P=0.980)。2002—2013年,金山区居民肺癌所致潜在减寿率为7.21‰,标化减寿率为4.18‰。12年间,男性标化减寿率呈下降趋势(APC=-2.58%,P=0.025),女性标化减寿率无明显升降趋势(APC=2.16%,P=0.143)。结论 肺癌是对金山居民健康威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。人口老龄化是造成金山区肺癌发病率和死亡率升高的重要因素。     

2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤流行情况分析

目的 分析2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤流行状况。方法 收集2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区(35个县区)上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡资料,计算发病与死亡粗率、标化率、累积率(0~74岁)和年龄别率等,标化率使用Segi's世界标准人口年龄构成和2000年中国人口年龄构成为标准进行计算。结果 2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率为383.54/10万,世标率为200.06/10万,中标率为204.44/10万,城市地区发病中标率(201.40/10万)高于农村地区(186.43/10万);40-岁及以上各年龄组发病率快速升高,在80-岁组达到峰值;35-岁以上各年龄组城市男性和女性恶性肿瘤发病率分别高于农村男性和女性;肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌是辽宁省发病最高的恶性肿瘤。2016年恶性肿瘤死亡率为249.79/10万,世标率为123.00/10万,中标率为124.32/10万,城市地区死亡中标率(121.93/10万)低于农村地区(131.03/10万)。恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率峰值在80-岁组。20~79岁男性各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市,55~79岁女性各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市。肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌是辽宁省死亡率最高的肿瘤。结论 辽宁省恶性肿瘤发病和死亡均高于全国水平,总发病率和死亡率均为男性高于女性,城市发病率高于农村,农村死亡率高于城市,城乡居民恶性肿瘤负担差异明显。