California psychological inventory profiles of peer-nominated assertives,unassertives, and aggressives

Examined the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) profiles of peernominated assertives, unassertives, and aggressives. Eighty males from two social fraternities peer-nominated assertives, unassertives and aggressives. The nomination procedure yielded 12 nominees per group. A profile analysis of the CPI indicated that assertives and aggressives were significantly more similar than were assertives and unassertives, and unassertives and aggressives. Results of a subscale analysis indicated that assertives and aggressives were significantly higher on Dominance, Capacity for Status, Sociability, and Social Presence than Unassertives, but were not significantly different from each other on these subscales. Also, assertives were significantly higher on Socialization, Self-Control, and Achievement via Conformance than were aggressives. Finally, assertives were significantly higher on Achievement via Conformance than were unassertives and aggressives. Implications are discussed.     

团体个性投射测验(GPPT)的初步试测报告

目的：对团体个性投射测验(GPPT)进行项目分析，检验其在我国的可应用性。方法：使用GPPT以班级为单位进行团体施测，试测样本包括从13到20岁两个年级共211名男女中学生。结果：GPPT中约60％的测验项目的通俗性水平在10％到30％之间，总体通俗性水平良好；GPFIL测验项目的鉴别度不高，有近1/3项目的CR值没有达到显著性标准，有待于进一步修订；GPPT在我国中学生中的测试结果符合我国中学生的真实心理健康状况，其分数的分布情况与测验手册中提供的数据一致。结论：团体个性投射测验(GPPT)不能在我国直接应用，必须根据我国的实际情况加以修订和完善。     

一个团体投射测验的介绍

团体个性投射测验[1] (ｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｐｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙｐｒｏ ｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｅｓｔ,以下简称ＧＰＰＴ)由美国的Ｒ .Ｎ .Ｃａｓｓｅｌ和Ｔ .Ｃ .Ｋａｈｎ共同编制而成 ,于 196 1年正式发表。该测验自发表以来 ,许多心理工作者对其作出了深入的研究 ,从项目分析、内容效度、被试反应的真实性等方面不断加以完善 ,并将其广泛应用于学校教育、职业选择、军事、犯罪等领域。国外研究结果表明ＧＰＰＴ能够有效地诊断心理健康状况 ,辨别出有精神、行为异常倾向者。在我国 ,心理健康问题也越来越受到人们的关注 ,而及时地发现各种心理问…     

男性服刑罪犯的个性特征研究

犯罪,尤其是青少年犯罪日趋增加,并已成为当今较为严重的社会问题之一。犯罪是一种社会适应不良行为,可能与罪犯自身的个性特征有密切的联系,国内学者对该问题作过一些调查研究[1-5],他们主要采用ＥＰＱ、ＭＭＰＩ、ＳＣＬ-90等人格调查表,证明犯罪与人格特征有一定关系。ＣＰＩ可用于对学业成就、创造性潜能、管理潜能、工作绩效、Ａ型行为、违法及社会偏离行为等方面的研究和预测。为进一步证实以往研究的结论,本研究采用杨坚、龚耀先等修订的加利福尼亚心理调查表(简称ＣＰＩ-ＲＣ)[6],对某监狱342例成年男性罪犯作了测查,以了解罪犯的个…     

违法犯罪成年男性个性特征调查

成年罪犯是一个特殊的群体。犯罪行为的产生是由社会、心理、生物等多种因素综合作用的结果[1] 。其中个性与犯罪的关系历来受到犯罪心理学研究的重视。国内外学者对该问题作过一些调查研究 ,证明犯罪与个性特征有一定关系[2 - 12 ] 。为进一步证实以往研究的结论 ,我们对 175例正在服役的成人罪犯进行了个性特征调查 ,现将调查结果报告如下。1　对象与方法1.1　研究对象选择长沙某监狱服刑男性罪犯 175人 ,其中暴力犯 88人 ,盗窃犯 87人 ;年龄在 18～ 4 5岁 ,其中 18～ 19岁 6人 ,2 0～ 2 9岁 110人 ,30～ 39岁 54人 ,4 0～4 5岁 5人 ;文化…     

男性分裂症患者和罪犯攻击行为相关因素对照研究

本研究采用病例对照研究方法，收集了８０例有攻击行为男性分裂症患者和７９例暴力犯罪罪犯，主要从人格特征、智力结构、社会支持和早年不良家庭环境等方面，探索分裂症病人和罪犯攻击行为相关因素的差异。结果发现具攻击行为的分裂症病人较多有攻击行为史，而罪犯的攻击行为前有较多的诱发因素，且与早年遭受父母虐待关系更为密切。     

服刑人员与普通群体攻击行为归因方式分析

目的:探讨服刑人员与普通群体归因方式与攻击行为的关系,从而为预防犯罪和降低服刑人员攻击行为提供建议。方法:采用个体归因方式自陈式问卷和攻击性问卷(AQ),对广西某监狱66名服刑人员和68名普通群体进行调查。结果:服刑人员相比普通群体倾向于对正性和负性事件均做外在的、不持久的、影响局部的归因(t=-8.83,-8.73,-11.94,-6.69,-2.36,-8.63;P0.05),服刑人员身体攻击、言语攻击、愤怒、敌意得分均高于普通群体(t=21.25,6.38,13.92,12.14;P0.01)。在控制了性别、受教育程度、年龄和家庭居住地影响的基础上,被试类型仍对身体攻击、言语攻击、愤怒和敌意具有独立预测作用(△R~2=0.89,0.51,0.78,0.74;P0.01)。正性事件普遍性归因、正性事件持续性归因、负性事件普遍性归因可有效预测身体攻击54%的变异(F=52.71,P0.01),正性事件持续性归因和负性事件普遍性归因可有效预测言语攻击16%的变异(F=13.44,P0.01),正性事件普遍性归因、正性事件持续性归因和负性事件内外归因可有效预测愤怒41%的变异(F=32.04,P0.01),正性事件普遍性归因、负性事件普遍性归因、正性事件持续性归因可有效预测敌意45%的变异(F=36.76,P0.01)。结论:与普通群体相比,服刑人员存在归因偏差且攻击性更强。     

Personality and deviant sexual fantasies: an examination of the MMPIs of sex offenders

A sample of 228 sex offenders and nonsex offender controls were divided into two groups, based on the presence or absence of deviant sexual fantasies, as determined by their replies to the Clarke Sex History Questionnaire Fantasy Scales. The sex offenders were divided into six groups based on sexual preferences and criminal history. There were 14 heterosexual pedophiles, 23 homosexual pedophiles, 51 exhibitionists, 17 incest offenders, 24 sexual aggressives, and 57 multiple/miscellaneous offenders as well as 42 nonviolent nonsex offender controls. A 2 (fantasy group) x 7 (sex offender group) multivariate analysis with age and education as covariates was used to compare the MMPI validity scales (L, F, and K) and the 10 clinical scales as dependent variables. Deviant fantasizers had more clinically significantly scores on the F, Psychopathic Deviate, Masculinity-Femininity, Paranoia, and Schizophrenia Scales compared to nondeviant fantasizers, regardless of group membership. Results suggest that deviant fantasizers may be more socially alienated and less emotionally stable than nondeviant fantasizers, although few were diagnosed as psychotic. The sex offender and control groups showed considerable overlap on mean MMPI Scales. The groups tended to differ in level of depression and extent of persecutory ideas, but the multivariate sex offender group effect was not statistically significant when problems of inhomogeneity of variance were corrected. There was no interaction of fantasy groups and sex offender groups, indicating that the two factors can be considered independently.     

社会支持程度对服刑人员改造表现的影响

目的 研究服刑人员社会支持程度与实际改造表现之间的关系.方法 对100名服刑人员分别进行社会支持评定量表和自制改造表现问卷的评定,然后对两者之间的关系进行相关分析.结果 ①社会支持3个维度与服刑人员的改造表现呈现出明显的正相关(P<0.05);②社会支持总分与服刑人员的改造表现呈现非常明显的正相关(P<0.01);③社...     

青少年暴力罪犯父母养育方式研究

目的探讨青少年暴力罪犯父母养育方式的特点。方法采用父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）对47名青少年暴力罪犯（研究组）进行了问卷调查，并与70名青少年非暴力罪犯（对照组）加以比较。结果暴力罪犯组在父亲惩罚严厉（t=4．78，P〈0．01）和拒绝否认（t：3．69，P〈0．01）因子上得分高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义。结论父母的不良养育方式是青少年暴力犯罪形成的危险因素，尤其是父亲的惩罚严厉和拒绝否认影响更大。     

Reliability of prisoners' attitudes to their drinking behaviour.

A sample of male prisoners was examined by means of a questionnaire and subsequently by a structured interview. Control subjects who denied heavy drinking were used to study test-retest reliability of a group who admitted that drinking was a problem and a third group who admitted heavy drinking but denied problem drinking. Non-heavy drinkers and the heaviest drinkers are shown to be the most reliable and the intermediate group least reliable.     

服刑人员留守未成年子女的心理健康状况与社会支持

目的:探讨服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康与社会支持的基本状况及两者关系。方法:采用方便取样,从某监狱选取服刑人员(已服刑3年以上)留守未成年子女20名为研究组;另外,从本地区一所农村小学、初中和一所城镇小学、初中抽取学生406人,采用最大限度配对法(考虑到城镇和农村、年龄、性别等),选取父亲或父母均在外地工作的学生(留守时间3年以上)20人为对照组。采用心理健康诊断测验(Mental Health Diagnosis,MHT)和社会支持评定量表(Social support scale,SSRS)对两组学生进行测查。结果:研究组在MHT对人焦虑和身体症状维度上的平均秩次均高于对照组[10.23vs.4.70,11.50vs.5.50,均P<0.05],在SSRS各维度得分上两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);支持利用度对服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康状况具有负向预测作用(β=-0.51,P=0.021)。结论:服刑人员留守未成年子女对人焦虑和躯体症状方面的心理问题突出,提高服刑人员留守未成年子女对社会支持利用度有利于改善其心理健康状况。     

福建省监狱服刑人员焦虑情绪的调查分析研究

目的 研究福建省服刑人员焦虑情绪特征、水平,为监狱服刑人员心理健康教育、矫治工作提供一定的理论依据.方法 采用<中国罪犯心理测试个性分测验>(COPA-PI)对福建省监狱1300名服刑人员进行施测,并访谈部分服刑人员.结果 服刑人员的年龄、文化程度与焦虑水平呈负相关,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);已服刑10～15...     

Serologic survey on Chlamydia trachomatis in different populations of the Ivory Coast

Chlamydial serum antibodies were screened in more than 1,000 persons by immunofluorescence test. C. trachomatis antibodies (greater than or equal to 1/16 for males, greater than or equal to 1/64 for females) were found more frequently in risk group (prostitutes: 64.7%, prisoners: 64.0%) than in control groups (pregnant women: 18.8%, children: 6.6%). The presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis was correlated with presence of T. pallidum and HIV antibodies.     

监狱服刑人员情绪管理团体辅导研究

目的探讨团体辅导对监狱服刑人员情绪管理的干预效果。方法以北京市某监狱12名服刑人员作为实验组，12名同质服刑人员作为控制组，对其进行团体辅导干预。在团体辅导前后施测SCL-90和正性情感、负性情感、情感平衡量表。结果团体辅导前实验组与控制组在SCL-90量表各纬度和正性情感、负性情感、情感平衡量表上得分均无显著差异，在辅导结束后，实验纽SCL-90量表躯体化和抑郁2纬度得分显著低于控制组（P〈0．05）；实验组负．性情感得分显著低于控制组（P〈0．05），实验组情感平衡得分显著高于控制组（P〈0．05）。结论团体辅导对监狱服刑人员情绪管理有明显的干预效果。     

重复犯罪罪犯人格特征分析

目的：了解重复犯罪罪犯的人格特征和相关因素，为提高教育改造罪犯的质量提供帮助。方法：采用中国罪犯个性分测验(COPA-PI)分别对重复犯罪罪犯和第一次入狱的罪犯进行测量。结果：重复犯罪罪犯在攻击性、报复性、同情心和犯罪思维模式四个维度上得分和人格异常比例高于第一次入狱的罪犯．且有统计学显著意义。结论：重复犯罪罪犯人格异常现象较为突出；罪犯出狱后再犯罪的影响因素有社会因素，也有人格因素；上述四个维度上所表现出来的人格异常在一定程度上可以预测罪犯出狱后再次犯罪的可能性．对罪犯实施针对性的人格矫正可提高教育改造质量。     

Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C virus markers in Réunion (south hospital and Saint Pierre prison)

We studied the prevalence of Hepatitis A, B, C in different groups in the population of the South of Reunion Island. The aims of this study were the following: to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (anti-HCV antibodies) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (anti-HBc, HBs Ag and anti-HBs) in a population of 1455 women, who delivered in the Centre hospitalier Sud Reunion (CHSR), to estimate the prevalence of these two viruses in a population selected for risk factors (100 prisoners), to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis A in a group of 400 persons (aged 0 to 19) hospitalised in CHSR since 1st January 1998 (100 for each 5-year age bracket), to research risks factors in these populations and immunity. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.14% in pregnant women and risk factor associated was found in 28.9% of this population (2.9% history of transfusion, 0.21% drug users). In the group of prisoners seroprevalence was 2%, far below that of prisoners in France. Anti-HCV seroprevalence is weak in Reunion Island and very inferior to seroprevalence in the French population as in other Indian Ocean islands. This is due to the low risk of parenteral transmission. Anti-HBc was found in 90 serum samples from women (overall prevalence 6.35%) and of these 90 positive samples, 9 were positive for HBs Ag (overall prevalence 0.63%), 68 were positive for anti-HBs (4.81%) and 22 (1.54%) were anti-HBc isolated (without HBs Ag and anti-HBs). The overall prevalence of anti-HBs was 62.8%. In the population of 100 prisoners, 2 were HBs Ag positive, 10 anti-HBc positive (2 anti-HBc isolated, 2 associated with HBs Ag, 6 with anti-HBs). The prevalence of anti-HBs was 22%. The major risk factor observed in this population of prisoners was tattooing and/or piercing (46%). These results show that: Reunion island is an area of low endemicity for HBV virus. The measure of protective inoculation is well followed. i.v. drug abuse and previous transfusion are weak routes of transmission. In the group aged 0 to 19, overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 11.9% with the highest rate found among 15 to 19 year-olds (25%). Seroprevalence falls with socio-economic progress. At the present time, the endemic is intermediate in Reunion Island. Given immunity levels within the young population, there is a risk of outbreak. This risk is due to the conditions in Reunion Island, but also to people who travel to other Indian Ocean countries where endemicity is high. It is thus very important that a vaccination strategy be determined.     

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and association with intravenous drug abuse and tattooing in a national prison in Norway

A study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, the risk factors for HCV infection and the markers of hepatic disease in a population of prisoners. Of 101 new prisoners admitted to a Norwegian national prison over a three month period, 70 were included in the study, of whom 32 (46 %) were anti-HCV positive. Intravenous drug abuse was the predominant risk factor for HCV infection, although a history of tattooing was found by logistic regression analysis to be a significant risk factor independent of intravenous drug abuse. Most anti-HCV positive prisoners had a history of previous incarcerations. Among the anti-HCV positive subjects, increased alanine aminotransferase (>50 U/l) was found in 23 (72 %). HCV infection was the major cause of hepatic abnormalities in the study population. Only 15 (47 %) of the anti-HCV positive prisoners reported knowledge of previous hepatic disease.     

成都市劳教人员心理健康与应对方式相关研究

目的对成都市某少教所劳教人员的心理健康状况和应对方式关系进行研究。方法对300名劳教人员进行一般情况问卷、简易应对方式量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的调查。用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果劳教人员心理健康状况为阳性的占47.58%;劳教人员心理健康与常模比较各个维度得分均有显著差异(P<0.01),劳教人员的躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性和总均分均明显高于常模;积极应对方式与其他因子呈正相关(r>0.3),消极应对方式与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执因子均呈正相关(r>0.3);劳教人员的年龄与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子和SCL-90总均分呈正相关(r>0.3)。结论劳教人员的心理健康状况存在一定的问题。不同的应对方式会影响到劳教人员的心理健康状况。劳教人员的年龄和文化程度是影响劳教人员心理健康状况的重要因素。     

HIV感染罪犯个性特征和心理健康

目的通过比较HIV感染罪犯与对照组罪犯的个性特征和心理健康状况,分析HIV感染罪犯心理健康的相关因素。方法采用中国罪犯心理评估个性分测验(COPA-PI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行评定。结果 HIV感染罪犯SCL-90总分、阳性项目均数以及各因子分均显著高于国内常模(P<0.001)和对照组的狱内罪犯(Ps<0.0001);个性特征方面,内外倾、情绪稳定性、同众性、冲动性、攻击性、报复性、信任感、焦虑感、心理变态倾向、犯罪思维模式与对照组的狱内罪犯差异显著(ts=-3.03、-5.36、-4.54、-3.70、-3.72、-2.97、-2.68、-7.44、-3.84、-4.15,P<0.05),并与SCL-90得分显著相关(P<0.05)。结论 HIV感染罪犯心理健康状况较差,其个性特征和心理健康状况相关。