喉罩吸入(七氟醚和笑气)麻醉在小儿短小手术的应用及评价

目的:探讨喉罩吸入(七氟醚和笑气)麻醉在小儿短小手术麻醉中的使用方法及利弊。方法:选择50例择期手术患儿随机分为两组,即喉罩组(Ⅰ组,25例)和全凭静脉麻醉(Ⅱ组,25例),Ⅰ组患儿吸入七氟醚和笑气(2L/min),每呼吸2～3次手动调节七氟醚蒸发罐浓度增加1%,最大至4%,麻醉至足够深度时,进行静脉输液,然后静脉给予异丙酚2mg·kg-1,芬太尼2ug/kg后,置入喉罩,并连接rager/Fabius型麻醉机,给予手控呼吸,待患儿呼吸恢复后,让其自主呼吸,根据患儿的血压、心率变化及时调节吸入浓度,至手术结束前5～10min控制在1%～2%,直至手术结束时停止。Ⅱ组采用异丙酚(2～8mg·kg-1·h-1)和氯胺酮(1～2mg·kg-1·h-1)持续静脉泵注,2种药物不混合。术中保留自主呼吸,面罩给氧2～3L/min。术毕停止静脉泵注麻醉药。在呼吸道通畅和SpO2>95%时,患儿苏醒后送返病房,全程密切观察分别记录两组患儿MAP、HR及SpO2,分别于诱导前、切皮、术中和术毕记录上述指标;并记录强刺激引起的肢体活动、SpO2<95%和PONV发生的例数。结果:两组患儿在麻醉诱导前及lma置入前后的map、hr...     

ProSeal喉罩通气全麻在高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用

目的观察高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用ProSeal喉罩通气全麻对患者血压和心率的影响。方法高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者120例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩组和气管插管组,每组60例。记录诱导前（T0）、置入喉罩/插管前即刻（T1）、置入喉罩/插管后1min（T2）、3min（T3）、胆囊切除时（T4）、拔喉罩或拔管时（T5）6个时间点的HR、MAP、BIS,并进行组间比较。结果气管插管组于插管后1min、3min、拔管时均较麻醉前、插管前即刻及喉罩组HR明显增快、MAP明显升高;瑞芬太尼、顺势阿曲库铵消耗总量、术毕24h内咽喉疼痛例数气管插管组要明显高于喉罩组,胃管置入比例两组则无明显差异。结论喉罩通气全麻在高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中可有效预防心血管应激反应,避免血压和心率的剧烈波动。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中采取续硬膜外阻滞麻醉的效果观察

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）是胆道外科常用的手术，分为顺行性（由胆囊管开始）切除和逆行性（由胆囊底部开始）切除两种。传统的开腹胆囊切除术针对性差、创伤大、伤口愈合慢、易出现并发症，导致患者痛苦大、术后恢复不良的问题。自从腹腔镜胆囊切除手术发展以来，此术式迅速为外科医师及病患所接受。腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉常规选用气管内插管全麻或硬膜外麻醉。气管内插管全麻的优点是患者术中无疼痛及不适，但存在苏醒延迟，因而不能确保术毕即拔出气管内导管，增加了麻醉管理时间，也存在着各种气管内插管的并发症，还存在麻醉费用高的问题。硬膜外麻醉的优点为操作简单，手术结束时麻醉亦结束，但手术开始后气腹反应强烈，而且有引起胆心反射的可能，二者均可导致患者心跳减慢，甚至心跳骤停，增加了手术、麻醉的风险；但费用低。现将近年来，我院开展的70例硬膜外阻滞复合咪达唑仑用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行了总结，现报道如下。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术138例报告

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(简称LC)自1991年引进我国后,经过近10年的发展,目前在全国范围内已得到了广泛开展,与开腹囊切除术(简称OC)相比较,LC具有创伤小,痛苦少,术后恢复快,住院时间短等优点。现将我院自1999年2月至2000年6月所行138例LC术报告如下。 一、临床资料 1.一般资料:本组138例,男性76例,女性62例,年龄21～78岁,平均年龄48.4岁,胆囊结石116例,胆囊息肉22例,合并急性胆囊炎12例,萎缩性胆囊7例,既往有上腹部手术史3例,有下腹部手术史11例。 2.手术方法:应用美国Stryker公司的全套腹腔镜系统,所有病例均采用气管插管静脉复合麻醉,闭合法建立气腹(腹内     

腹腔镜手术麻醉100例小结

1 资料与方法我院1996年开展腹腔镜手术麻醉100例中女80例,男20例,年龄16～78岁.快速诱导全麻气管插管92例,硬膜外麻醉8例,手术时间最短30分钟,最长4小时.术后第2天下地活动,3天后出院,病人痛苦小,无任何井发症.1.1 全麻插管静脉吸入复合麻醉 术前用药如阿托品,巴比妥类药物;生命体征的监测;面罩吸氧去氮;一般成人量2.5%硫贲妥钠10～20ml,芬太尼0.2～0.4mg,回可林100mg,静注快速诱导,待呼吸停止后插管接麻醉机辅助呼吸,再注射长效松驰剂苯可松4mg,安氟醚吸入复合麻醉.腹腔内注入二氧化氮(气腹).根据手术时间长短,可适当追加药量.术后病人有吞咽反射,睁眼成抬手动作,拔管后送回病房继续鼻导管吸氧.手术时间短或苏醒较慢的病人,可用新斯的明0.5mg 或纳络酮0.4mg催醒,但要注意兴奋呕吐.     

腹腔镜妇科手术麻醉的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜妇科手术麻醉的临床效果;资料:择期妇科腹腔镜手术160例.方法两组对照,连续硬膜外麻醉和气管插管加静脉复合麻醉,利用统计结果观察效果.结果脉搏血氧饱和度在连续硬膜外麻醉后即有所下降,吸氧后改善,气腹后增大吸氧量才能维持在正常范围,气管插管加静脉复合麻醉组则无此现象,组间比较有显著性差,全麻患者术中麻醉满意,无一例患者术中知晓及不适.结论麻醉方法的选择,术中监测及麻醉处理的特点等问题.     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对围术期炎性反应的影响

目的：观察全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对下腹部手术围术期炎性反应的影响。方法年龄>55岁的下腹部肿瘤手术患者86例,性别不限。 ASA玉~Ⅱ级,手术时间120~180min。采用随机数字表法,分为观察组和对照组。观察组所有患者行硬膜外阻滞成功后进行全身麻醉诱导,采用静脉咪唑安定0.05mg·kg-1,芬太尼3μg·kg-1,维库溴铵0.1mg·kg-1,依托咪酯0.2mg·kg-1。麻醉维持采用硬膜外1.0%利多卡因6~10ml·h-1泵注,异丙酚TCI靶控输注,瑞芬太尼0.1~0.2μg·kg-1·min-1泵注,适时追加芬太尼。对照组亦采用上述全身麻醉方式。两组术中BIS值维持在40~60。结果两组患者年龄、体重、性别术前C反应蛋白和IL-6差异无统计学意义(跃0.05),两组术后24h的C反应蛋白,IL-6差异较术前,有统计学差异(<0.05)。结论在相同意识深度麻醉下全麻复合硬膜外麻醉血流动力学平稳,术中、术后的炎性反应程度较单纯全麻为轻。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术90例麻醉体会

目的 比较硬膜外阻滞麻醉复合哌-氟合剂强化麻醉和全身麻醉下腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹过程对呼吸循环的影响.方法 将90例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予硬膜外阻滞麻醉复合哌-氟合剂强化麻醉;观察组行气管内插管全身麻醉.观察两组麻醉效果及CO2气腹对呼吸循环的影响.结果 气腹后10min与气腹前比较,两组各项指标均有差异,对照组更明显.结论 全身麻醉是腹腔镜胆囊切除术较为安全的麻醉选择.     

喉罩与气管内插管在乳腺癌根治术中的应用

目的 比较喉罩和气管内插管用于乳腺癌根治术对血流动力学的影响.方法 60例ASA1～2级乳腺癌根治术患者,随机分为喉罩组(L组)和气管内插插组(Q组.)入室后开放静脉,监测生命体征,麻醉诱导以咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、雷米芬太尼1μg/kg、维库溴铵0.15 mg/kg、丙泊酚1 mg/kg,置入喉罩/气管内插管.麻醉维持以丙泊酚4～6 mg/(kg·h)、瑞芬太尼0.2 μg/(kg·min)微量泵泵注,间断静注维库溴铵.观察麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管及置入喉罩前(T2)、置入喉罩/气管内插管即刻(T3)、手术中(T4)和苏醒拔管及拔喉罩即可(T5)的SBP、DBP、HR、SPO2.结果:与T1比较T2时SBP、DBP均下降,HR减慢( P<0.05);与T2比较,Q组T3时SBP、DBP均升高,HR增快(P<0.05).与T4比较,Q组T5时SBP、DBP均升高,HR增快(P<0.05).插管及拔管即刻的MAP、HR明显高于置管前,有显著性差异(P<0.05);L两组SPO2 无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 l喉罩能安全、有效地用于全麻下乳腺手术.     

不同麻醉方法在小儿短时腹腔镜手术中的应用体会

目的 比较不同麻醉方法在小儿腹腔镜手术中的麻醉效果。方法 选择小儿腹腔镜手术60例，随机分为两组，分别采用非插管静脉复合麻醉和非插管静脉复合麻醉联合骶管阻滞麻醉方式，比较二者的麻醉效果。结果 非插管静脉复合麻醉联合骶管阻滞方法在肌松、麻醉效果及安全性优于单纯非插管静脉复合麻醉方法，P〈0．05。结论 非插管静脉复合麻醉联合骶管阻滞麻醉更适宜CO2气腹时间短的小儿腹腔镜手术麻醉。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.