穴位贴敷防治新型冠状病毒肺炎作用机制探讨

穴位贴敷可通过相关经络的传导间接作用于肺脏,进而调节其宣发肃降之功,起到祛邪、化痰、平喘、止咳等功效.特别是取天枢穴行穴位贴敷治疗,可以有效改善患者的呼吸力学指标,减轻炎症反应.新型冠状病毒由口鼻而入,首先侵犯肺脏,邪气壅肺,影响全身气机升降出入,子病犯母,进而导致中焦脾胃升降功能失调,表现出一系列消化系统症状.穴位贴...     

细胞因子在新型冠状病毒肺炎中的作用机制及其监测价值

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是人类感染新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的以肺炎为主要症状的新发传染病,具有很强的传染性和致病性。研究证明,COVID-19重症、危重症患者体内的细胞因子水平明显高于轻症。细胞因子风暴(CS)的发生是轻症转为重症或危重症的重要原因。以白介素6(IL-6)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)为主的细胞因子是引发CS的主要因素。对IL-6、GM-CSF等细胞因子的动态检测不仅可于诊断感染和预警CS,还可监测COVID-19重症的进程以及辅助判断预后,在COVID-19的诊断、病情观察、免疫阻断治疗以及疗效监测等方面有重要的价值。     

高血压脑出血合并颈动脉瘤感染新型冠状病毒1例

2019年12月26日武汉市新洲区人民医院收治小脑出血患者1例,无呼吸道症状和流行病学接触史,CT血管造影检查提示存在颈内动脉瘤.2020年2月9日新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性,确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎.CT检查见脑室扩张,可能并发中枢神经系统感染.患者经高流量吸氧、抗感染、抗病毒、干扰素、糖皮质激素治疗后,病情在10 d内...     

2019冠状病毒病重症化的免疫炎症机制与临床干预策略

机体的免疫炎症反应在2019冠状病毒病（corona virus disease-19,COVID-19）的发生发展中起着重要的作用。本文对重症患者的免疫炎症机制及相应的临床干预策略作一综述。     

糖皮质激素在新型冠状病毒肺炎重症患者中的应用

及时有效的炎症干预与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)重症患者的预后息息相关。近期,COVID-19重症患者病情的突然加重被认为可能与机体细胞因子风暴有关,但目前并无针对的特效药。而糖皮质激素能够抑制机体炎症风暴从而为该类患者的救治赢得时间,但其亦可能抑制机体免疫应答、延缓病毒清除从而饱受争议。本文结合相关文献,对糖皮质激素在COVID-19重症患者中的应用进行探讨,以期为临床治疗提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒感染与心血管疾病

新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染不仅侵犯呼吸系统,也会累及循环系统.本文就2019-nCoV感染对心脏的直接影响、间接影响,以及对合并心血管疾病病人的影响与应对措施进行综述.     

肾移植术后感染新型冠状病毒1例

The novel coronavirus is a newly discovered pathogen in late December 2019, and its source is currently unknown, which can lead to asymptomatic infection, new coronavirus pneumonia or serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory disease that is currently spreading all over the world and caused by this coronavirus. Its common symptoms are highly similar to those of other viruses, such as fever, cough and dyspnea. There is currently no vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Everyone is susceptible to infection with this disease, and owing to the long-term use of immunosuppressants, the immunity of kidney transplant recipients is suppressed, and it is more likely to be infected with the disease. At present, its impact on kidney transplant recipients is unclear. This article reports the clinical features and therapeutic course of novel coronavirus infection in a patient after renal transplantation. A 37-year-old female patient who received a kidney transplant 6 months before was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia. The patient’s symptoms (such as fever, chills, dry cough, muscle aches), laboratory tests (such as decreased white blood cell count, elevated liver enzymes and D-dimer, positive viral nucleic acid test), and chest CT (multiple left lower lung plaque ground glass shadow) were similar to those of non-transplanted novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. In terms of treatment, because the immunity of kidney transplant recipients has been suppressed for a long time, it is a very common strategy to suspend the use of immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, the patient immediately discontinued the immunosuppressive agent after admission, so that she could restore immunity against infection in a short time. At the same time, the use of glucocorticoids was also very important. Its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects played a large role in the treatment process.In addition, prophylactic antibiotics was needed, and nephrotoxic drugs should be used with caution. Finally, following discounting the use of immunosuppressant and a low-dose glucocorticoid-based treatment regimen, COVID-19 in this renal transplant recipient was successfully cured. The cure of this case was of great significance, and this adjuvant nonspecific antiviral therapy could provide a template for the treatment of other such patients.     

肾移植术后感染新型冠状病毒1例

The novel coronavirus is a newly discovered pathogen in late December 2019, and its source is currently unknown, which can lead to asymptomatic infection, new coronavirus pneumonia or serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory disease that is currently spreading all over the world and caused by this coronavirus. Its common symptoms are highly similar to those of other viruses, such as fever, cough and dyspnea. There is currently no vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Everyone is susceptible to infection with this disease, and owing to the long-term use of immunosuppressants, the immunity of kidney transplant recipients is suppressed, and it is more likely to be infected with the disease. At present, its impact on kidney transplant recipients is unclear. This article reports the clinical features and therapeutic course of novel coronavirus infection in a patient after renal transplantation. A 37-year-old female patient who received a kidney transplant 6 months before was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia. The patient’s symptoms (such as fever, chills, dry cough, muscle aches), laboratory tests (such as decreased white blood cell count, elevated liver enzymes and D-dimer, positive viral nucleic acid test), and chest CT (multiple left lower lung plaque ground glass shadow) were similar to those of non-transplanted novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. In terms of treatment, because the immunity of kidney transplant recipients has been suppressed for a long time, it is a very common strategy to suspend the use of immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, the patient immediately discontinued the immunosuppressive agent after admission, so that she could restore immunity against infection in a short time. At the same time, the use of glucocorticoids was also very important. Its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects played a large role in the treatment process.In addition, prophylactic antibiotics was needed, and nephrotoxic drugs should be used with caution. Finally, following discounting the use of immunosuppressant and a low-dose glucocorticoid-based treatment regimen, COVID-19 in this renal transplant recipient was successfully cured. The cure of this case was of great significance, and this adjuvant nonspecific antiviral therapy could provide a template for the treatment of other such patients.     

间充质干细胞在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的作用

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是由新型冠状病毒(severe acute re-spiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的以肺为主要靶器官的全身多器官损伤性传染性疾病[1-2].其病理生理机制涉及炎症、缺氧、发热、电解质平衡紊乱、休克等多个基本病理过程[3].免疫细胞过度活化、细胞因子风暴、过度氧化应激可能是COVID-19引起急性呼吸窘迫症状(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)、脓毒症休克及多器官功能衰竭并导致死亡的主要原因[4-6].截至2021-07-28日,全球累计COVID19确诊病例超过194608040例,死亡逾4162304例,严重影响了各国人民的身心健康.《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第八版)》对COVID-19临床分型主要有四型:轻型、普通型、重型和危重型[1].轻型和普通型的致死率相对较低,重型和危重型致死率较高,是临床治疗的重点[7].     

合并新型冠状病毒肺炎的维持性血液透析患者死亡危险因素

目的 探讨合并新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)的维持性血液透析患者住院期间死亡的危险因素。方法 纳入2022年12月1日至2023年2月28日期间于山东大学第二医院血液净化中心因罹患新冠肺炎而入院治疗的维持性血液透析患者进行病例对照研究,共纳入54例患者,平均(66.5±11.4)岁,男性比例74.1%,根据住院期间是否死亡分为死亡组(n=21)和存活组(n=33),对比两组基线资料、临床及实验室检查特征,进一步应用多因素二分类Logistic回归方法明确合并新冠肺炎的维持性血液透析患者住院期间死亡的独立危险因素。结果 死亡组患者入院后平均生存期(8.8±6.7)d,其中因重症肺炎死亡15例(71.4%),因心血管事件死亡4例(19.0%),因脑血管事件死亡2例(9.5%)。与存活组相比,死亡组高龄(≥75岁)患者占比更高(P=0.024)、合并糖尿病的比例更高(P=0.030),罹患新冠肺炎前6个月平均白蛋白(ALB)水平偏低(P=0.046),入院后24 h内D-二聚体(D-dimer)、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎及新发传染病之免疫学研究

免疫功能对于机体抵抗病毒感染至关重要。本文总结了新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）患者及相关病毒感染所诱导的体液免疫与细胞免疫应答反应及其免疫病理的研究进展,并分析了新冠疫苗与抗体药物的研发现状。     

核酸阳性新型冠状病毒感染120例临床特征分析

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床、实验室及影像学特性。方法收集120例确诊为新型冠状病毒感染的病例,并对一般情况、主要临床表现、转归、实验室结果、影像学等进行统计学分析。结果 COVID-19多在中老年发病,性别差距不大,其治疗时间在(14±5)d,病死率7.5%,治愈率33.3%,但重症患者男性较多,且死亡患者年龄较大(中位数为61.5岁)。主要临床症状为发热(75%)、咳嗽(52.5%)、胸闷喘气(14%)、咳痰(7.5%)、乏力(7.5%)等。其实验室结果以白细胞不升、淋巴细胞绝对值降低、嗜酸性粒细胞消失、单核细胞增高及超敏C反应蛋白升高为主,影像学以双肺多发或单发磨玻璃影为主。结论 COVID-19是一种传染性极强的疾病,但其治愈率较高,病死率较低,且为可防、可治的一种疾病。     

冠状病毒免疫逃逸机制研究进展

冠状病毒是人和动物的重要致病原,其中新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)给人类健康带来了致命威胁.宿主固有免疫反应是宿主抵抗病原体入侵的第一道防线,但过激的免疫应答也会加重病毒感染和病理损伤.病毒免疫逃逸是冠状病毒的重要致病机制.本文主要从宿主免疫传感器、干扰素、细胞因...     

新型冠状病毒疫苗与抗体

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是由新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）引起的。其大流行已成为全球威胁,对公共卫生、生命和世界经济造成了沉重打击。目前针对这种病毒仍没有特效药,为了提高易感人群的抵抗力,全球开始广泛的疫苗接种工作。本文通过对SARS-CoV-2疫苗与抗体的研究作一总结,以期为COVID-19的预防和治疗提供参考。     

间充质干细胞治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究现状

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行正在全球迅速和持续蔓延,对人类生命健康造成了极大威胁,亟需寻找安全有效的治疗手段.间充质干细胞(MSC)具有强大的免疫调节和抗炎功能,可通过调节免疫细胞的功能、降低炎症因子分泌水平、升高抗炎因子水平以及分泌多种细胞生长因子等方式,来减轻...     

新型冠状病毒特点及临床诊治进展

自2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)暴发流行,且快速向全国各地范围内传播。世界卫生组织及党中央和国务院高度重视此次事关人民群众生命安全及社会经济发展的重大疫情。2019-nCoV是β属的一种新型冠状病毒,该病毒潜伏期长且传染力强。我国已将COVID-19定义为乙类传染病,但是采取甲类传染病的预防和控制措施。本文聚焦2019-nCoV及疫情的发展,将对2019-nCoV特点、COVID-19的临床特征、2019-nCoV与孕妇、新生儿、儿童及药物治疗等方面进行阐述。