Inflammatory markers and incident frailty in men and women: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Cross-sectional studies show that higher blood concentrations of inflammatory markers tend to be more common in frail older people, but longitudinal evidence that these inflammatory markers are risk factors for frailty is sparse and inconsistent. We investigated the prospective relation between baseline concentrations of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen and risk of incident frailty in 2,146 men and women aged 60 to over 90 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The relationship between CRP and fibrinogen and risk of incident frailty differed significantly by sex (p for interaction terms <0.05). In age-adjusted logistic regression analyses, for a standard deviation (SD) increase in CRP or fibrinogen, odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) for incident frailty in women were 1.69 (1.32, 2.17) and 1.39 (1.12, 1.72), respectively. Further adjustment for other potential confounding factors attenuated both these estimates. For an SD increase in CRP and fibrinogen, the fully-adjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) for incident frailty in women was 1.27 (0.96, 1.69) and 1.31 (1.04, 1.67), respectively. Having a high concentration of both inflammatory markers was more strongly predictive of incident frailty than having a high concentration of either marker alone. In men, there were no significant associations between any of the inflammatory markers and risk of incident frailty. High concentrations of the inflammatory markers CRP and fibrinogen are more strongly predictive of incident frailty in women than in men. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this sex difference.     

氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征患者炎性标记物的影响

目的:探讨氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者炎性标记物的影响。方法:入选在我院住院治疗的ACS患者158例,其中不稳定型心绞痛患者67例、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者42例、ST段抬高型心肌梗死49例。根据临床用药方式的不同所有患者被分为联合治疗组(80例,氯吡格雷+阿司匹林)和阿司匹林治疗组(78例,阿司匹林),检测两组患者治疗前,治疗后第7、14d血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)、P-选择素(P-selec-tin)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。结果:治疗第7d,两组患者hsCRP、IL-6以及P-选择素均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);阿司匹林治疗组上升幅度显著高于联合治疗组(P<0.05);治疗第14d,两组患者上述指标均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),与阿司匹林组比较,联合治疗组hsCRP[(3.48±1.98)mg/L比(2.93±1.16)mg/L]、IL-6[(9.81±4.58)μg/L比(8.98±3.52)μg/L]、P-选择素[(9.56±4.67)ng/ml比(9.11±4.57)ng/ml]水平降低更显著(P均<0.05)。两组患者出血情况差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:氯吡格雷能显著降低急性冠脉综合征患者炎性标志物水平,这可能是其发挥作用的机制之一。     

牙周基础治疗对老年牙周疾病患者血清炎性标记物的影响

目的 观察患有牙周病的老年人经过牙周基础治疗后,其冠心病相关血清炎性标记物的变化.方法 选择老年牙周病患者52例,记录其探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、附着水平(attachment level AL)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6 IL-6)水平.牙周基础治疗后3个月、6个月再次检查牙周临床指标,测定CRP和IL-6水平,比较治疗前后各项指标的变化.结果 治疗后6个月,PD和AL值分别为(5.9±1.1)mm和(6.8±1.0)mm,与治疗前[分别为(7.5±1.2)mm和(8.4±1.1)mm]比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).CRP和IL-6分别为(1.5±0.2)mg/L和(1.6±0.5)ng/L,与治疗前[分别为(2.0±0.3)mg/L和(1.9±0.4)mg/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(分别为P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论 牙周基础治疗能降低老年牙周疾病患者冠心病相关血清炎性标记物CRP和IL-6的水平.

Abstract：

Objective To ascertain serum inflammatory markers could be modified following treatment of periodontal disease in elderly patients. Methods The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (AL), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. And then fifty-two elderly periodontitis patients underwent a standard phase of non-surgical periodontitis treatment (consisting of oral hygiene instructions and subgingival scaling and root planning). After three and six months, PD, AL, CRP and IL-6 were determined again and compared to the baseline. Results Six months after treatment, significant reductions in PD [(5.9±1.1) mm vs. (6.8±1.0) mm, P＜0.05], AL [(1.3±0.9) mm vs.(8.4±1.1) mm, P＜0.05], CRP [(1.5±0.2) mg/L vs. (2.0±0.3) mg/L, P＜0.01] and IL-6 [(1.6±0.5) ng/L vs. (1.9±0.4) ng/L, P＜0.05] were observed. Conclusions Treatment of chronic periodontitis can decrease the levels of serum inflammatory markers in elderly patients.     

C-reactive protein, inflammatory conditions, and cardiovascular disease risk

Background

It is uncertain to what extent high C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations reflect the presence of inflammatory conditions in the community.

Methods

We evaluated 3782 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 55 years; 52% women) free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression models examined the prevalence of common inflammatory conditions by CRP categories, while a separate matched case-referent analysis evaluated the prevalence of uncommon inflammatory conditions. Cox models were used to assess the influence of common inflammatory conditions on relations between CRP and incident cardiovascular disease.

Results

Common inflammatory conditions were reported by nearly half of the participants; these individuals were more likely to have markedly high CRP concentrations (>10 mg/L, P for trend = .001). In multivariable models, there were increased odds of having at least one common inflammatory condition with CRP concentrations of 1-3.0, 3.01-10, and >10 mg/L, compared with the referent category (<1 mg/L); the respective odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were 1.41 (1.07-1.86), 1.45 (1.07-1.98), and 1.64 (1.09-2.47) in men, and 1.08 (0.82-1.43), 1.07 (0.80-1.44), and 1.38 (0.97-1.96) in women. In case-referent analyses, uncommon inflammatory conditions were more common in individuals with CRP >10 mg/L compared with those with CRP <1 mg/L (12.1% vs 6.6%; P = .0001). In multivariable models, higher CRP categories were not associated with incident cardiovascular disease, and with additional adjustment for inflammatory conditions, results remained unchanged.

Conclusion

There is high prevalence of common and uncommon inflammatory conditions in individuals with high CRP concentrations. Higher CRP concentrations should be interpreted with caution in cardiovascular disease risk assessment.     

Independent association of various smoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men. Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95).

AIMS: Aim of the study was to investigate the association between various markers of systemic inflammation and a detailed history of smoking in a large representative sample of the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of chronic smoking on white blood cell (WBC) count, fibrinogen, albumin, plasma viscosity (PV), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 2305 men and 2211 women, age 25-74 years, participating in the third MONICA Augsburg survey 1994/95. In men, current smokers showed statistically significantly higher values for WBC count, fibrinogen, PV, and CRP, compared to never smokers, with intermediate, but only slightly increased values for ex-smokers and for occasional smokers. No consistent associations were seen with albumin. Duration of smoking was positively associated with markers of inflammation as were pack-years of smoking. Conversely, duration of abstinence from smoking was inversely related to these markers. Except for WBC count, no such associations were found in women. CONCLUSION: Data from this large representative population show strong associations between smoking and various markers of systemic inflammation in men. They also show that cessation of smoking is associated with a decreased inflammatory response, which may represent one mechanism responsible for the reduced cardiovascular risk in these subjects.     

急性冠脉综合征预后与其支架术前CRP、Fib、D-二聚体水平的关系

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)预后与其支架术前C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体水平的关系。方法:分别选择110例健康体检者(健康对照组)和110例接受冠脉支架术治疗的ACS患者(ACS组),测定两组患者CRP、Fib和D-二聚体的水平。6个月后对ACS组患者进行心血管事件评定,根据是否发生心血管事件分为事件组(35例)和非事件组两组(75例)。结果:与健康对照组比较,ACS组患者CRP[(2.02±1.17)mg/L比(11.15±3.12)mg/L]、Fib[(2.65±1.07)g/L比(4.03±1.19)g/L]、D-二聚体[(193.97±18.13)μg/L比(632.15±21.72)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05);与非事件组患者比较,事件组CRP[(9.69±3.14)mg/L比(14.28±3.32)mg/L]、Fib[(3.88±1.09)g/L比(4.36±1.23)g/L]、D-二聚体[(509.13±21.57)μg/L比(895.77±25.03)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05),直线相关分析显示,事件组患者CRP与Fib(r=0.41,P<0.05)、D-二聚体(r=0.54,P<0.01)水平呈正相关,Fib与D-二聚体亦呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.05)。结论:急性冠脉综合征患者C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体的水平较健康体检者升高,急性冠脉综合征支架术前C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平越高,其预后越差。     

Effects of garlic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsPrevious studies have indicated that garlic consumption may be beneficial in improving inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of garlic supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsPubMed/Medline, Scopus and ISI web of science were searched up to February 2019. Random effects model was used to calculate the overall effects on C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α).Results17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analyses. Garlic supplementation significantly reduced the level of circulating CRP (P < 0.05), whereas it did not have any significant effect on IL-6 level (p > 0.05). Sub-group analysis showed that aged garlic extract (AGE) was able to reduce CRP and TNF-α significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis showed that supplementation with garlic could reduce the level of circulating CRP and AGE could reduce the level of TNF-α and CRP, whereas it had no significant effect on the IL-6 level.     

老年高血压患者左心室肥厚与动态血压参数和炎症标志物的相关性

目的 探讨老年高血压患者合并左心室肥厚（LVH）与动态血压（ABPM）参数和常见的心血管炎性因子水平的相关性。方法 筛选2012年1月至2013年12月于解放军总医院干部诊疗科门诊就诊的患者,纳入符合入选标准的初次诊断为高血压的患者152例,其中单纯高血压109例,合并LVH 43例。全部患者接受ABPM检查,测定血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平。分析ABPM参数与hs-CRP和Hcy水平的相关性。结果 老年高血压合并LVH组24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）和夜间平均脉压（nPP）均显著高于单纯老年高血压患者（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;同时,合并LVH患者中血清hs-CRP水平显著高于单纯高血压患者（P＜0.05）,而血清Hcy在两组患者间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,nSBP和hs-CRP水平与高血压患者合并LVH相关。结论 老年高血压患者nSBP增高和hs-CRP水平升高与合并LVH风险增高相关。     

血清C-反应蛋白水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块形态的关系

目的:了解血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉斑块形态的关系,从临床角度探讨斑块破裂的原因。方法:根据冠状动脉造影结果将56例CHD患者按动脉粥样斑块进行形态学分型分为:I型亚组(18例),Ⅱ型亚组(22例),Ⅲ型亚组(16例),另选冠状动脉正常者20例作对照。检测所有入选者血清CRP及心脏肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平,比较各组间的差异。结果:Ⅱ型亚组CRP水平最高[(7.2±1.0)mg/L],Ⅲ型、Ⅰ型亚组及冠状动脉正常组依次减低[分别为(4.5±1.0)、(3.7±0.8)、(1.6±0.3)mg/L]。结论:血清CRP水平与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关,而反映斑块不稳定的Ⅱ型斑块的血清CRP水平明显增高,从临床角度提示局部炎症反应是导致斑块破裂的原因。     

尿毒症血液透析患者炎症反应与营养状态及贫血的关系

目的　探讨尿毒症血液透析患者炎症反应与营养状态和贫血的关系。　方法　抽取 4 8例尿毒症血液透析患者 ,透析前静脉血检测C反应蛋白 (CRP)、白细胞介素 6 (IL - 6 )、血肌酐 (Scr)、血清白蛋白 (AIb)、血清铁蛋白 (SF)及血红蛋白 (Hb) ,根据透析前CRP水平分为正常组 (CRP <5mg L)与升高组 (CRP >5mg L) ,并比较两组患者蛋白代谢率 (nPCR)水平及促红细胞生成素 (EPO)剂量。　结果　CRP升高患者同时有IL - 6水平上调 ,伴有近期感染的发生率明显高于正常组 ;透析前血浆CRP水平为 (2 0 2± 1 2 4)mg L ,Alb与CRP和IL6水平呈负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,与Scr及SF无相关关系 (P <0 0 5 ) ;与Hb水平呈负相关 ;EPO治疗剂量与CRP和IL - 6水平呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　尿毒症血透患者血清CRP和IL - 6是炎症反应较好的预测指标 ,而炎症反应在营养不良和贫血中起重要的作用。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清纤维蛋白原、炎症因子检测的临床意义

目的 探讨冠心病患者凝血功能紊乱、炎症因子表达与动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的关系,为冠心病发病机制的研究提供新的思路.方法 选择2007年10月至2008年8月于心内科行冠脉造影或冠脉CT患者195例,入院前均未行调脂治疗,按冠脉造影或冠脉CT结果分为健康对照组45例,稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组41例,急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组109例.分别于入院当时检测血清脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CBP）水平.结果 冠心病患者的FIB、血清炎症因子MCP-1、hs-CRP、血脂水平明显升高（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义,表明患者存在炎症反应、脂代谢和凝血功能紊乱.与SAP组患者相比,ACS患者hs-CRP、FIB水平升高,差异有统计学意义,hs-CBP水平与FIB正相关,表明二者主要与动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性相关.MCP-1与冠脉积分正相关,表明血清MCP-1水平可能反应冠脉病变的严重程度.结论 ACS患者血清hs-CRP、FIB较稳定型冠心病患者明显升高,二者呈相关关系,表明hs-CBP、FIB水平与冠脉粥样斑块的不稳定性相关,炎症反应和凝血异常可能相互促进,共同诱发斑块破裂,引起ACS.MCP-1与冠脉积分正相关,可能反映冠脉病变的严重程度.对ACS患者联合进行上述指标的检测有利于判断病情,尽早治疗,以改善预后.     

C-reactive protein is related to future cognitive impairment and decline in elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease

AimsTo explore the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels with subsequent cognitive performance and decline among elderly individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to assess the role of cerebrovascular indices in this relationship.MethodsCRP levels were measured in a subgroup of individuals with chronic CVD, who previously participated in a secondary prevention trial. Cognitive performance was evaluated 14.7 ± 1.9 and 19.9 ± 1.0 years after entry to the trial. A validated set of computerized cognitive tests was used (Neurotrax Computerized Cognitive Battery) to assess performance globally and in memory, executive function, visuospatial and attention domains. Linear regression and mixed models were used to assess the relationship of CRP plasma levels with cognitive scores and decline, respectively. In addition, we tested whether cerebrovascular reactivity, carotid intima media thickness and presence of carotid plaques modify these associations.ResultsAmong 536 participants (mean age at the first cognitive evaluation 72.6 ± 6.4 years; 95% males), CRP at the top tertile vs. the rest was associated with subsequent poorer performance overall (ß = −2.2 ± 1.0; p = 0.031) and on tests of executive function and attention (ß = −2.3 ± 1.1; p = 0.043 and ß = −2.0 ± 1.4; p = 0.047, respectively). Moreover, CRP levels were positively related to a greater decline in executive functions (ß = −2.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.03). These associations were independent of potential confounders and were not modified by cerebrovascular indices.ConclusionOur findings suggest that systemic chronic inflammation, potentially associated with underlying atherosclerosis, is related to cognitive impairment and decline two decades later, in elderly individuals with pre-existing CVD.     

冠心病患者纤维蛋白原、超敏C反应蛋白及总胆红素检测的意义

目的:探讨纤维蛋白原(Fg)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平与冠心病的关系。方法:选择200例冠心病患者及200例健康对照者,进行Fg、hs-CRP和血清TBIL的定量测定。结果:与健康对照组比较,冠心病组Fg[(2.75±0.97)g/L∶(4.51±0.42)g/L]、hs-CRP[(1.64±0.57)mg/L∶(5.31±1.91)mg/L]水平明显升高(P均0.05),而血清TBIL[(26.71±3.72)μmol/L∶(14.26±2.44)μmol/L]水平明显降低(P0.01);按陈旧性心肌梗塞组、稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组、急性心肌梗塞组的排列顺序,血浆hs-CRP和Fg水平呈上升趋势,而TBIL水平呈下降趋势,组间差异显著(P0.05~0.01)。结论:冠心病患者血液中存在高纤维蛋白原、超敏C反应蛋白和低总胆红素的现象,以急性心肌梗塞患者最为突出,提示纤维蛋白原和超敏C反应蛋白水平升高,总胆红素水平降低可能是冠心病发生、发展的重要危险因素之一。     

老年睡眠呼吸暂停患者血液流变学和C-反应蛋白的变化

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者血浆高敏C-反应蛋白（hsCRP）和血液流变学的改变.方法 选取经多导睡眠图确诊且未经治疗的老年OSAS患者59例为OSAS组,30例多导睡眠图（PSG）检查正常者为对照组,分别测定两组患者hsCRP水平及纤维蛋白原和血浆黏度的水平.结果 OSAS组与对照组相比血浆hsCRP水平（P＜0.01）、纤维蛋白原（P＜0.01）和血浆黏度（P＜0.01）的水平增高.纤维蛋白原（r=0.776,P=0.01）、血浆黏度（r=0.702,P=0.01）、hsCRP（r=0.256,P=0.01）与呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）之间有相关性.结论 OSAS患者hsCRP、纤维蛋白原和血浆黏度的水平升高,且与OSAS严重程度有关.这些改变是心脑血管的危险因子之一.     

纤维蛋白原与高敏C反应蛋白对稳定性冠心病患者心血管事件的预测价值

目的探讨高水平的纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,FG）和高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）对稳定性冠心病患者心血管事件的预测价值。方法对185例经冠状动脉造影检查证实的稳定性冠心病患者（2002年1月至11月入院患者）分别按FG、hs—CRP水平分组,随访3年,评估发生心血管事件（猝死、心肌梗死、慢性心力衰竭及其他心血管事件）。结果在3年的随访中,发生非致死性心血管事件21例和心血管原因导致的死亡10例。在调整了血脂、体重指数、吸烟、高血压等因素后,FG〉4．0g／L组与FG≤4．0g／L组比较,发生心血管事件的相对危险度为1．97,95％可信区间（CI）为1．68—2．40。hs—CRP〉3．0mg／L组与hs—CRP≤3．0mg／L比较,经调整后发生心血管事件的相对危险度为2．32,95％CI为1．76—2．89。FG〉4．0g／L伴hs—CRP〉3．0mg／L者与FG≤4．0g／L且hs—CRP≤3．0mg／L者比较,发生心血管事件的相对危险度为3．84（P〈0．05）,95％CI为2．80—4．99。结论FG和hs—CRP不仅均为冠心病患者心血管事件重要的独立预测因子,且FG联合hs—CRP检测可增加对冠心病患者心血管事件的预测价值。     

The role of inflammation markers in triggering acute coronary events

Studies have shown disparate results in relation to the role of plasma concentrations of inflammation markers such as fibrinogen, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules in acute coronary syndromes. The differentiation of primary versus secondary alterations of these markers in response to acute coronary syndromes is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soluble cell adhesion molecules and some inflammatory markers on coronary plaque instability. The prospective study consisted of 15 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 16 with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 16 who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Blood samples were obtained from the SAP group on admission, from the UAP group at the early stage of pain onset within 6h of pain, and again after 12h of pain. Samples from the PTCA group were collected before, 2, 14h after the procedure. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial selectin, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CRP serum levels gradually increased although IL-2 gradually decreased in patients with UAP and PTCA. In addition, VCAM-1 levels were sharply decreased after the PTCA procedure. However, this value returned back to the preprocedure levels 14h after PTCA. Both CRP and IL-2 are directly involved in the triggering mechanisms of acute coronary events.     

动态血压监测评价老年高血压患者靶器官损害

目的探讨动态血压监测对老年高血压患者靶器官损害的价值.方法对232例已经接受服药治疗并且至少伴有一个靶器官损害的老年高血压患者进行24 h动态血压监测,根据累及靶器官损害数目和并存心脏、脑和肾脏临床状况分为3组,结合临床资料进行统计学分析.结果靶器官损害数目与24 h平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、血压波动的昼夜节律异常和血压负荷增高密切相关,靶器官损害累及3个器官与累及1个器官相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;并存脑血管疾病组夜间平均舒张压增高显著,并存心血管疾病组和肾脏病变组的患者以24 h平均收缩压增高和血压负荷增加显著,并存临床状况的患者,血压波动的昼夜节律异常多见,并存心、脑和肾临床状况组分别与靶器官损害组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论24 h平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压和血压负荷越高,靶器官损害数目越多;血压波动的昼夜节律异常多见于并存临床状况的老年高血压患者,应用动态血压监测有助于指导临床治疗.     

Pathogen burden, cytomegalovirus infection and inflammatory markers in the risk of premature coronary artery disease in individuals of Indian origin

BACKGROUND:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs at an earlier age in South Asians compared with other ethnic groups. Infection and inflammation show a positive association with the disease.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the association of infection and inflammatory markers with premature CAD in the Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study population.

METHODS:

Antibody titres for Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen and secretory phospholipase A2, were measured in 866 individuals (433 CAD patients and matched controls). All individuals were followed-up for recurrent cardiac events for four years. ANOVA was used to study the association of infection and inflammation with CAD.

RESULTS:

The present study found that the odds of CAD occurrence was 2.42 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.64; P<0.008), with all four infections and increased in the presence of hsCRP (OR 4.67 [95% CI 1.43 to 15.25]); P=0.011). Only anti-CMV antibody levels were a significant risk factor for CAD occurrence (OR 2.23 [95% CI 1.20 to 4.15]; P=0.011) and recurrent cardiac events (OR 1.94 [95% CI 0.85 to 4.45]; P=0.015). Mean values of the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 (P=0.035), fibrinogen (P=0.014), hsCRP (P=0.010) and secretory phospholipase A2 (P=0.002) increased with CMV antibody levels. Incorporating hsCRP and IL-6 in the risk prediction models significantly increased the OR to 2.56 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.63; P=0.019) with a c statistic of 0.826.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pathogen burden, especially CMV infection in combination with inflammatory markers, is a significant predictor of CAD risk in the young Indian population.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血浆血浆内皮素-1与炎性标记物的相关性研究

目的 通过观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期患者治疗前后血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）等炎性因子的变化,探讨其临床意义及其相互关系.方法 用ELISA法测定30例COPD急性加重期患者治疗前后血浆ET-1、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的水平,半定量免疫色谱法检测血清降钙素原（PCT）水平,免疫散射比浊法检测血浆C反应蛋白（CRP）水平,同时进行血气分析,并与我院同期30例健康体检者组成的对照组进行比较.结果 COPD急性加重期组和缓解期组ET-1、PCT、CRP水平均较对照组明显升高（P＜0.01）,血浆CGRP水平较对照组明显下降（P＜0.01）;COPD缓解期组ET-1、PCT、CRP水平较急性加重期组明显下降（P＜0.01）,CGRP水平较急性加重期组明显升高（P＜0.01）.直线相关分析显示,COPD急性加重期组ET-1、PCT、CRP三者之间呈显著正相关,且均与CGRP呈显著负相关;CGRP与PaO2呈显著正相关,ET-1、CRP、PCT均与PaO2呈显著负相关.结论 联合检测ET-1、CGRP、PCT、CRP有助于COPD患者病情监测和指导治疗.