18F-FDG PET/CT在不明原因发热病因学诊断中的应用

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在不明原因发热(FUO)病因诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析108例因FUO行18F-FDG PET/CT检查者的临床和影像资料.以病理学依据为诊断标准,不能获得病理诊断的以临床诊疗和随访结果作为诊断标准.统计PET/CT对FUO病因及不同病因组的诊断阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、...     

多发性骨髓瘤的~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断价值

目的：探讨在氟18-脱氧葡萄糖（18^F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18^F-FDG）PET/CT（positron emission tomography/computed tomography）显像诊断多发性骨髓瘤（mul-tiple myeloma,MM）的价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析2005-082009-06经骨髓穿刺或病理活检证实的31例多发性骨髓瘤患者的PET/CT影像特征。结果：MM18^F-FDG PET/CT表现出一定特征,大致可分为：骨质破坏型（28例）,表现为不同程度骨质破坏,而无骨髓外脏器侵犯,代谢不同程度活跃,最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）介于2.515.4,平均标准化摄取值（SUVavg）介于2.011.3;②髓外侵犯型（2例）,除骨质不同程度破坏外,另有髓外脏器（肝脏、脾脏及淋巴结等）侵犯,代谢均有不同程度活跃,SUVmax介于2.28.3,SUVavg介于1.76.5;③骨髓弥漫型（1例）,全身骨髓弥漫代谢活跃,SUVmax为13.4,SUVavg为8.8,但未见明显骨质破坏。结论：18^F-FDGPET/CT能较准确显示MM的病灶形态、范围及肿瘤活性,为MM的诊断和准确分期提供帮助。个别需与溶骨型多发骨转移癌及骨淋巴瘤鉴别。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在寻找不明原发灶肿瘤患者原发灶中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在诊断不明原发灶肿瘤(CUP)患者原发灶中的价值.资料与方法 36例CUP患者行PET/CT检查拟寻找原发灶,根据转移灶部位分为淋巴结转移组(8例)、肝转移组(9例)、骨转移组(12例)及恶性胸腹水组(7例),比较18F-FDG PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移组与非淋巴结转移组CUP患者原发灶的灵敏度.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT寻找CUP原发灶的灵敏度为63.9％ (23/36),PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移组、肝转移组、骨转移组及恶性胸腹水组患者原发灶的灵敏度分别为87.5％ (7/8)、55.6％ (5/9)、58.3％(7/12)、57.1％ (4/7).18F-FDG PET/CT对淋巴结转移组原发灶的确诊率[87.5％(7/8)]显著高于非淋巴结转移组[57.1％( 16/28)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断CUP患者原发灶灵敏度较高,尤其适用于发生淋巴结转移的CUP患者.     

18F-FDG PET/CT诊断多发癌的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在多发癌诊断中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析5822例疑似肿瘤患者,均行18F-FDG PET/CT全身检查,经过活检或手术证实为多发癌患者32例。以病理结果作为金标准,以PET平均标准化摄取值（SUV_mean）≥2.5且CT上有形态学改变者作为PET/CT判断恶性肿瘤的标准,计算PET/CT诊断多发癌的灵敏度和准确率。 结果 本组患者中多发癌的发生率为0.55%,其中,双发癌30例、三发癌2例,共66个原发灶。32例多发癌的66个原发灶的SUV_mean的平均值为6.68±3.61。PET/CT诊断多发癌原发灶真阳性为58个,假阴性为8个。PET/CT诊断多发癌的灵敏度为87.9%,准确率为87.9%。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT全身检查诊断多发癌具有较大价值。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌的应用进展

食管癌恶性程度高、预后差,严重威胁了人类健康,18F-FDG PET/CT集功能和解剖信息于一身,这种医学影像技术在食管癌的应用优势日益受到广大医务工作者的关注。本文综述了18F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌的诊断、分期、复发、疗效和预后评估、放射治疗计划制定等方面的研究进展。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在不明原发灶肿瘤中的临床应用价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在不明原发灶肿瘤（CUP）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析46例于2015年2月至2016年6月在我院行常规检查未能发现肿瘤原发灶而进一步行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像查找肿瘤原发灶的转移性肿瘤患者的资料。PET/CT图像分析采用视觉及半定量分析方法。通过病理活检和（或）临床综合诊断、临床随访对结果进行评价。结果46例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像找到原发肿瘤33例,均经过病理活检及临床随访证实;13例未发现原发病灶。18F-FDG PET/CT对不明肿瘤原发灶的检出率为71.7%（33/46）,其中阳性患者中淋巴瘤3例、胃癌2例、食管癌4例、卵巢癌3例、肺癌14例、肝癌2例、尿路上皮癌1例、鼻咽癌2例、多发性骨髓瘤1例、降结肠癌1例。转移方式主要有淋巴结转移32例、骨转移20例、肝转移13例、肺转移9例、胸膜腹膜转移5例、肾上腺转移3例、脑转移4例、皮下转移3例、心包膜转移1例。结论18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像对CUP的检出率显著优于一般常规检查,对临床指导治疗有着重要意义。     

18F-FDG PET/CT与18F-FDG PET/MRI在卵巢癌临床应用中的进展

卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中病死率最高的肿瘤。18F-FDG PET/CT在卵巢癌的诊断、分期、疗效及预后的评估上优于常规影像技术,可以指导临床采取有针对性的治疗方案,以获得更好的治疗效果。PET/MRI是最近几年继PET/CT后投入临床应用的另外一种多模态影像技术,因其多序列成像、软组织分辨率较高和辐射剂量较低,对卵巢癌的诊治具有独特的优势。笔者对18F-FDG PET/CT和18F-FDG PET/MRI在卵巢癌中的临床应用进行综述。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在原发灶不明的脑转移瘤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在查找原发灶不明的脑转移瘤中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析17例原发灶不明的脑转移瘤患者的全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料。 结果 17例患者均经活检确诊原发灶,准确率100%。原发性肺癌13例,占76%,其中有2例在第二次行PET/CT检查时才检出原发灶;原发性肝癌2例,占12%;原发性贲门癌1例,占6%;原发性升结肠癌1例,占6%。在检查到原发灶的基础上,18F-FDG PET/CT亦发现10例合并转移者,其中合并肺转移者2例、合并淋巴结转移者3例、合并骨转移者2例及合并其他部位转移者3例,共发现病灶61处;2例肝癌患者单发脑转移灶中均有脑卒中。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在查找原发灶不明的脑转移瘤原发灶中有重要价值,并为临床分期及治疗提供有利帮助。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对偶发垂体大腺瘤的诊断价值

目的 研究偶发垂体大腺瘤在健康人群及肿瘤患者间发病率的差异,并探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在偶发垂体大腺瘤诊断中的临床意义。 方法 对行PET/CT头部及体部检查的无垂体瘤相关病史的1830例患者进行回顾性分析,其中健康体检者600例,确诊及疑诊肿瘤患者1230例;选择PET显示垂体部位高摄取及同机CT显示垂体占位（病灶短径大于1.0 cm）患者,记录病灶最大标准化摄取值（SUV_max）;对入选患者进行随访3~26个月,经病理及MRI明确最终诊断;所有结果采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析,应用Fisher确切检验比较偶发垂体大腺瘤在两组人群间发病率的差异,并评价PET/CT对偶发垂体大腺瘤的诊断价值。 结果 15例患者符合上述标准入选,SUV_max为4.2~22.2;1例患者经手术确诊为垂体区转移瘤,SUV_max为19.5;14例患者为偶发垂体大腺瘤,发病率为0.77%,其中源于健康体检者1例,发病率为0. 17%,其余13例患者均具有恶性肿瘤病史,发病率为1.06 %;PET/CT对偶发垂体大腺瘤的检出率为100%,准确率为93.33%。 结论 恶性肿瘤患者组垂体大腺瘤的发病率高于健康体检组;18F-FDG PET/CT显像对偶发垂体大腺瘤具有较高的诊断价值。     

AIDS相关性脑病的~(18)F-FDG PET/CT表现

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在AIDS相关性脑病中的应用价值.方法:对7例AIDS患者行PET/CT检查,并分析其影像学表现.结果:7例患者分别为弓形体病、弓形体病合并脑结核、胶质瘤、脑囊虫病、脑结核、进行性多灶性白质脑病和周皮细胞瘤.结论:18F-FDG PET/CT可以对AIDS颅内病变行定位、定量、定性诊断,而且还可以根据病灶的活性评估艾滋病相关颅内疾病的治疗效果.     

18^F-FDG符合线路显像探测不明原因发热病灶的临床价值

目的探讨18^F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）双探头符合线路显像探测不明原因发热病灶的临床价值。方法对58例不明原因发热患者（体温超过38．3℃,发热持续时间至少3周）的18^F—FDG符合线路显像资料进行回顾性分析,将18^F—FDG符合线路显像结果与病理检查和随访结果进行比较;用感兴趣区（ROI）技术计算良恶性病变／正常组织放射性（L／B）比值,组间L／B比值比较采用t检验。结果48例（83％）患者有异常的18^F—FDG浓聚,其中20例为恶性病变,23例为感染或其他良性病变,5例未能确诊。58例中,10例（17％）符合线路显像阴性,其中4例为感染性疾病（2例尿路感染,2例淋巴结炎）,3例为结缔组织和胶原病（1例风湿病,1例成人still病,1例系统性红斑狼疮）,3例未能确诊。良恶性病灶的L／B比值分别为1．93±0．39和3．58±1．01,差异有统计学意义（t=6．955,P〈0．001）。结论符合线路显像可为探查不明原因发热患者的病灶提供有价值的临床信息。     

Value of 18-F-FDG PET/CT in assessment of patients with fever of unknown origin

Aim

To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG (positron emission tomography) PET/CT in assessment patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and to compare the findings with the results of the other investigations.

The role of F-FDG PET or PET/CT in the detection of fever of unknown origin

Even with the recent advance in diagnostic tools and techniques, fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a clinical challenge. A wide range of diseases, mainly infections, autoimmune conditions (inflammatory diseases), malignancies and miscellaneous can cause FUO. Positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning makes a great contribution to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of FUO due to the high sensitivity of pathological accumulation of ¹⁸F-FDG. The diagnostic yield of PET/CT is higher than traditional radiographic imaging and other nuclear medicine scanning. Owing to the numerous advantages of PET/CT including high sensitivity and the ability to perform whole-body scans, many rare diseases presenting with FUO can be detected and the spectrum of diseases that can exhibit FUO has been increasing. Recent studies utilizing FUO are discussed in this paper. However, there are limited data available about the role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT in evaluation of FUO.     

^18F—FDGPET／CT在肺癌肾上腺转移瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨^18F-FDG PET/CT对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析在我院行^18 F-FDG PET/CT检查并诊断肾上腺转移瘤及良性病变48例肺癌患者的^18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,分别测量肾上腺病灶（共63个）的大小（短径）、CT值及SUVmax,采用t检查及χ^2检验对各组数据进行统计学分析,采用ROC（receiver operator characteristic curve）曲线分析确定SUVmax区分肾上腺转移瘤与良性病变的最佳临界点。结果 163个病灶最终确诊46个为肾上腺转移瘤,17个为良性病变,肾上腺转移瘤与良性病变的大小分别为（2.01±1.09）cm、（1.57±0.73）cm,差异无统计学意义（t=1.472,P=0.146）;两组病灶的CT值分别为（31.69±9.98）HU、（9.80±3.98）HU,差异有统计学意义（t=7.666,P=0.000）;肾上腺转移瘤的SUVmax为8.86±5.05,良性病变的SUVmax为2.41±0.81,差异有统计学意义（t=4.889,P=0.000）。肾上腺转移瘤左右侧分布比例为：左侧50%（17/34）,右侧14.7%（5/34）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.676,P=0.002）;2以肾上腺病灶SUVmax与正常肝脏的SUVmax的比值〉1作为诊断标准,PET/CT对肺癌肾上腺转移的灵敏度、特异性及准确性分别为93.5%（43/46）、76.5%（13/17）及88.9%（56/63）,阳性预测值为91.5%（43/47）,阴性预测值为81.3%（13/16）。ROC曲线分析,以SUVmax〉3.5作为诊断标准,则灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为93.5%（43/46）、88.2%（15/17）、92.1%（58/63）、95.6%（43/45）,和83.3%（15/18）。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断具有较高的灵敏度、特异性及准确性;以SUVmax〉3.5作为诊断标准,可较好的诊断出肾上腺转移瘤和肾上腺良性病变。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对原发灶不明的骨转移瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-FDGPET/CT对原发灶不明的骨转移瘤的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的72例原发灶不明的骨转移瘤患者的PET/CT资料,记录原发灶部位、骨转移部位及骨外转移部位(包括前哨淋巴结及脏器)并按CT骨转移诊断标准进行分类,测量其最大标准摄取值。结果 PET/CT显像检查确定61例原发灶,11例未找到原发灶。66例为多发骨转移,6例为单发骨转移;原发灶部位依次为肺癌(31例)、前列腺癌(6例)、胃癌(4例)、结肠癌(3例)、甲状腺癌(3例)等;溶骨性转移以肺癌(22例)、胃肠癌(7例)多见,成骨性骨转移以前列腺癌(5例)、肺癌(4例)多见,混合性骨转移以肺癌(5例)、鼻咽癌(2例)多见;胸部骨及脊柱转移多见肺癌(31例),骨盆及脊柱转移多见肺癌(23例)、前列腺癌(6例)。结论 PET/CT诊断原发灶不明的骨转移瘤时,需根据骨转移的类型、部位及前哨淋巴结和脏器转移的位置找出原发灶,必要时进一步行穿刺活检明确诊断。     

18F-FDG PET显像在发热待查患者中筛查淋巴瘤的价值

目的　探讨18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像在长期发热患者中筛查淋巴瘤的价值。方法　对 5 9例长期发热患者 (发热持续时间至少 3周 ,测 3次体温超过 38 3℃ )的18F FDGPET显像资料进行回顾性分析 ,将18F FDGPET显像诊断结果与病理检查及随访结果进行比较。结果　 5 9例长期发热患者中有 8例PET显像示恶性淋巴瘤可能 ,最后均经病理检查确诊为淋巴瘤 ,其中 2例为霍奇金淋巴瘤 ,6例为非霍奇金淋巴瘤。结论　PET显像示长期发热的淋巴瘤患者其病变淋巴结可在正常范围内 (<1 0cm或在体内较深部位 )。对长期发热患者 ,18F FDGPET显像可初步筛查淋巴瘤及排除其他肿瘤 ,可为穿刺活组织检查提供定位信息。     

Fever of unknown origin: A value of F-FDG-PET/CT with integrated full diagnostic isotropic CT imaging

Aim

The aim of presented work is to evaluate the clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and to compare PET/CT finding with the results of the following investigation.

Material and method

48 patients (24 men, 24 women, mean age 57.6 years with range 15-89 years) underwent ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT due to the fever of unknown origin. All examinations were performed using complex PET/CT protocol combined PET and whole diagnostic contrast enhanced CT with sub-millimeter spatial resolution (except patient with history of iodine hypersensitivity or sever renal impairment). CT data contained diagnostic images reconstructed with soft tissue and high-resolution algorithm. PET/CT finding were compared with results of biopsies, immunology, microbiology or autopsy.

Results

The cause of FUO was explained according to the PET/CT findings and followed investigations in 44 of 48 cases—18 cases of microbial infections, nine cases of autoimmune inflammations, four cases of non-infectious granulomatous diseases, eight cases of malignancies and five cases of proved immunity disorders were found. In 46 cases, the PET/CT interpretation was correct. Only in one case, the cause was overlooked and the uptake in atherosclerotic changes of arteries was misinterpreted as vasculitis in the other. The reached sensitivity was 97% (43/44), and specificity 75% (3/4) respectively.

Conclusion

In patients with fever of unknown origin, ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT might enable the detection of its cause.     

18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in fever of unknown origin.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) was originally defined as recurrent fever of 38.3 degrees C or higher, lasting 2-3 wk or longer, and undiagnosed after 1 wk of hospital evaluation. The last criterion has undergone modification and is now generally interpreted as no diagnosis after appropriate inpatient or outpatient evaluation. The 3 major categories that account for most FUOs are infections, malignancies, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. The diagnostic approach in FUO includes repeated physical investigations and thorough history-taking combined with standardized laboratory tests and simple imaging procedures. Nevertheless, there is a need for more complex or invasive techniques if this strategy fails. This review describes the impact of (18)F-FDG PET in the diagnostic work-up of FUO. (18)F-FDG accumulates in malignant tissues but also at the sites of infection and inflammation and in autoimmune and granulomatous diseases by the overexpression of distinct facultative glucose transporter (GLUT) isotypes (mainly GLUT-1 and GLUT-3) and by an overproduction of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells and inflammatory cells. The limited data of prospective studies indicate that (18)F-FDG PET has the potential to play a central role as a second-line procedure in the management of patients with FUO. In these studies, the PET scan contributed to the final diagnosis in 25%-69% of the patients. In the category of infectious diseases, a diagnosis of focal abdominal, thoracic, or soft-tissue infection, as well as chronic osteomyelitis, can be made with a high degree of certainty. Negative findings on (18)F-FDG PET essentially rule out orthopedic prosthetic infections. In patients with noninfectious inflammatory diseases, (18)F-FDG PET is of importance in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis and seems to be useful in the visualization of other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, and painless subacute thyroiditis. In patients with tumor fever, diseases commonly detected by (18)F-FDG PET include Hodgkin's disease and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but also colorectal cancer and sarcoma. (18)F-FDG PET has the potential to replace other imaging techniques in the evaluation of patients with FUO. Compared with labeled white blood cells, (18)F-FDG PET allows diagnosis of a wider spectrum of diseases. Compared with (67)Ga-citrate scanning, (18)F-FDG PET seems to be more sensitive. It is expected that PET/CT technology will further improve the diagnostic impact of (18)F-FDG PET in the context of FUO, as already shown in the oncologic context, mainly by improving the specificity of the method.