Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的效果

目的观察Pipeline血流导向装置(PED)治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析接受PED治疗的11例颅内复杂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果11例患者共12个动脉瘤,植入12枚PED,其中10例植入1枚PED、1例2枚,3个动脉瘤单纯植入PED、9个植入PED联合弹簧圈栓塞;术后立即造影示动脉瘤内对比剂滞留,PED贴壁良好,完全覆盖瘤颈,载瘤动脉通畅。术后1例发生局部急性脑梗死,经治疗后康复。术后随访6~9个月,中位随访时间7.5个月,患者症状均明显缓解或消失,未发现严重并发症,动脉瘤闭塞率75.00%(6/9)。根据O'Kelly-Marotta(OKM)分级:A级0个动脉瘤,B级1个,C级2个,D级9个。改良Rankin评分(mRS):0分10例,1分1例。结论PED治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的效果及安全性均较好。     

Clinical and angiographic outcome after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms

Background: Between July 1997 and April 2001, forty patients underwent Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization of intracranial aneurysms at Wellington Hospital. Methods: The clinical notes and imaging were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Complete initial occlusion was achieved in 28 patients (70%). Eleven patients (27.5%) had small residual neck (>90% occlusion) and one patient (2.5%) had substantial filling of the aneurysm. Follow up angiographic assessment was obtained in 28 patients (70%) of whom 24 patients (85.7%) had no recurrence or stable residual neck and four patients (14.3%) had recurrence or enlargement of the residual neck. Stable occlusion was achieved in 100% of small and medium sized aneurysms and 50% of large and giant aneurysms. Technical complications occurred in 10% including aneurysms perforated in two patients (5%) and presumed parent artery occlusion in another two (5%). Conclusions: The findings of the present study demonstrate the safety of GDC embolization. The initial clinical grade at presentation strongly predicted the clinical outcome. Although the number of patients in this study is small, there is evidence that the angiographic outcome is better for small and medium sized aneurysms. Our results are comparable to other published series.     

Stent salvage for parent vessel coil herniation during intracranial aneurysm embolization

Background: Despite accumulated experience and improved understanding of the tools, endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms still has risks associated with the technique itself and with the specificity of the pathology treated. An important risk is parent vessel Guglielmi detachable coil herniation. Here we review and illustrate our experiences in using a stent to manage this complication. Methods: We reviewed our experiences in 142 intracranial aneurysm embolizations over a four and a half year period and identified 13 cases with intravascular stent deployment. Three cases were unique in using a stent for salvage of coil herniation into the parent vessel. Results: We reported these cases and reviewed the literature for the management of parent vessel coil herniation. Conclusion: Parent vessel coil herniation was an uncommon but important complication of endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysm. Intravascular stent placement provided a tool to sequester herniated coils from the lumen of the parent artery to minimize thromboembolic complications and restore flow.     

双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤

目的观察双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤(BBA)的效果。方法回顾性分析45例接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的BBA患者资料,按治疗方式分为双LVIS支架组(DLS组,18例)和非双LVIS支架组(NDLS组,27例),对比2组手术效果、围手术期并发症及随访结果。结果 DLS组、NDLS组术后即刻完全栓塞率分别为72.22%(13/18)和55.56%(15/27),围手术期并发症发生率分别为16.67%(3/18)、25.93%(7/27),组间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3、6个月,2组神经功能恢复良好率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3个月DLS组复发率15.38%(2/13),低于NDLS组的57.89%(11/19,P=0.03);术后6个月2组复发率(0 vs 13.33%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗BBA安全、有效,能降低术后3个月复发率。     

Ruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms: management considerations with a focus on surgical and endovascular techniques to preserve arterial continuity

Background. The present retrospective analysis was undertaken to review an institutional experience with 13 intracranial dissecting aneurysms as source of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) among a total of 585 ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods and results. In 6 patients the vertebral artery (VA) was affected, in 2 patients the basilar artery (BA), in 3 the internal carotid (ICA), in 1 the middle cerebral (MCA) and in 1 the postcommunicating (A2) segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Maintaining arterial patency was aimed at in all patients. Tangential clipping or circumferential wrapping were used as surgical methods. Endovascular stenting and/or coiling was applied in 2 instances. Four of the 6 VA dissecting aneurysms underwent surgical exploration between 1 and 22 days after haemorrhage. Two patients were in WFNS grade V and died subsequently with the aneurysms untreated, one after rehaemorrhage. In the patients with secured VA aneurysms the postoperative course was uncomplicated with the exception of additional caudal cranial nerve injury in 1 instance. Both BA aneurysms were initially treated by endovascular methods. In the first patient incomplete packing with Gugliemi detachable (GDC) coils was achieved. Follow-up angiography 6 months later showed growth and coil compaction and subsequent wrapping with Teflon fibres resulting in angiographic stabilization. The other BA aneurysm was treated by a combination of a coronary stent and GDC coils. The 3 dissecting ICA aneurysms were all explored surgically. In only 1 instance ICA continuity could be preserved by wrapping, in the other 2 cases a major portion of the vessel wall disintegrated upon removal of the surrounding clot. The only ACA dissecting aneurysm, on A2, was successfully treated with a Dacron cuff. In the single patient with a MCA aneurysm, a decision for conservative management was taken, because neither a surgical nor an endovascular solution was seen as a possibility that did not risk occlusion of lenticulostriate branches. The patient suffered a fatal rehaemorrhage 4 weeks later at her home. Conclusions. The reported experience suggests that in Western countries also dissecting aneurysms are an occasional source of SAH. The outcome in our conservatively managed patients confirms the poor prognosis of conservative management. Wrapping and endovascular stent based methods can achieve stabilization of the dissected artery without sacrificing the artery. Results of treatment appear to depend largely on the location of the dissecting aneurysm.     

电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤的技术及并发症防治

目的总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验。方法采用GDC对168例颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞168个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞的144个,95%闭塞的14个,90%闭塞的10个;全组6例死亡,死亡率3.6%。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例,脑血管痉挛9例,脑梗死2例,术后弹簧圈末端逸出2例;3例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。随访5~54个月,全组术后均无再出血。结论动脉瘤的血管内治疗应根据病情进行个体化设计,并采用与之相应的栓塞技术才能最大限度的提高动脉瘤栓塞的治愈率、降低并发症。     

血管内治疗大脑前动脉远端动脉瘤

目的观察血管内治疗大脑前动脉远端(DACA)动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析14例接受血管内治疗的DACA动脉瘤患者(共15个动脉瘤),对10个动脉瘤行单纯弹簧圈栓塞、4个动脉瘤行支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞,1个以Onyx胶栓塞。之后复查DSA,根据Raymond分级评价即刻疗效。术后6个月复查DSA,以改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估预后,mRS评分0~2分为结局良好。结果术后即刻12个动脉瘤Ⅰ级栓塞,3个Ⅱ级栓塞。术中、术后均未发生缺血等并发症。1例术后12 h死于动脉瘤再次破裂出血。术后6个月随访显示1例复发,10例结局良好(mRS评分0~2分),另2例mRS评分分别为3分、4分。结论个体化血管内治疗DACA动脉瘤安全、有效。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂早期血管内栓塞与手术治疗的探讨

目的　探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂早期血管内栓塞与显微手术的效果。方法　 160例颅内动脉瘤破裂在 3d内早期经血管内栓塞和显微手术得到治疗 ,其中 114例经血管内栓塞 ,46例显微手术。结果　 114例血管内治疗 ,78例完全闭塞 ,2 1例闭塞 95 % ,10例闭塞 90 % ,5例闭塞 85 %。出院时优 83例 ,良 19例 ,差 1例 ,死亡 11例。显微手术 46例 ,术后 2周行DSA检查证实动脉瘤全部夹闭。出院时 ,优 2 4例 ,良 10例 ,差 4例 ,植物生存 2例 ,死亡 6例。结论　颅内动脉瘤早期治疗 ,是杜绝再次出血的危险 ,有利于脑血管痉挛的防治 ,降低致残率和死亡率。     

经微导管送入国产钨丝微螺旋圈治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤

报告１０例颅内囊状动脉瘤，其中后交通动脉瘤４例，前交通动脉瘤４例，大脑中动脉瘤１例，基底动脉分叉部动脉瘤１例，均行血管内治疗，应用自制钨丝螺旋圈闭塞动脉瘤，保持载瘤动脉通畅，全部治愈。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤

目的 观察支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法 分析60例接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤患者共65个动脉瘤,观察术后即刻及随访动脉瘤栓塞程度,评估术后并发症、疗效及安全性。结果 术中2例(2/60,3.33%)动脉瘤破裂出血,4例(4/60,6.67%)支架内血栓形成;术后即刻栓塞程度为RaymondⅠ级50个(50/65,76.92%)、Ⅱ级12个(12/65,18.46%)、Ⅲ级3个(3/65,4.62%)。术后1个月内3例(3/60,5.00%)动脉瘤再出血,2例致死;1例(1/60,1.67%)死于肺栓塞;4例(4/60,6.67%)并发脑梗死。1例术后6个月瘤颈复发,1例术后25个月出现无症状性血管闭塞;末次复查数字减影血管造影显示43个(43/51,84.31%)RaymondⅠ级、8个(8/51,15.69%)Ⅱ级。末次随访,49例(49/57,85.96%)改良Rankin量表评分为0～2分,8例(8/57,14.04%)为3～4分。结论 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术治疗大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Mycotic aortic aneurysms treated by endovascular repair: initial experience in a single center

Introduction: Mycotic aortic aneurysm (MAA) is an uncommon cause of aneurysmal aortic disease. However, it may have an aggressive presentation and a complicated early outcome. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of MAA is emerging as an alternative to open repair (OR) for the treatment of these aneurysms, particularly in high-risk surgical patients. We report a single-center experience with the endovascular management of mycotic aortic aneurysms.

Material and methods: Two mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms were treated with an endovascular stent graft at Centre Hospitalier Régional du Val de Sambre, Belgium. The mean follow-up was 15 months. Technical success was achieved in all two patients. CT-scan follow up showed shrinkage of the aneurysm sac, with no evidence of infection along the stent graft and no signs of endoleakage in all patients. One patient died during the follow-up period from a cause unrelated to the aneurysm.

Conclusion: EVAR is an effective and safe option and might be a suitable alternative to OR in the absence of predictors of poor prognosis for the treatment of non-complicated forms of MAA.     

Outcomes of directional branches using self-expandable or balloon-expandable stent grafts during endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of directional branches using self-expandable stent grafts (SESGs) or balloon-expandable stent grafts (BESGs) during fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.MethodsPatients treated by fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair were enrolled in a prospective study from 2014 to 2018. We included in the analysis patients who had target vessels incorporated by directional branches using either SESG (Fluency [Bard, Covington Ga] or Gore Viabahn [W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz]) or BESG (Gore VBX). Target artery instability (TAI) was defined by a composite of any stent stenosis, separation, or type IC or type IIIC endoleak requiring reintervention and stent occlusion, aneurysm rupture, or death due to target artery complication. End points included technical success, target artery patency, freedom from TAI, freedom from type IC or type IIIC endoleak, and freedom from target artery reintervention.ResultsThere were 126 patients (61% male; mean age, 73 ± 8 years) included in the study. A total of 335 renal-mesenteric arteries were targeted by directional branches using SESGs in 62 patients and 176 arteries or BESGs in 54 patients and 159 arteries. Patients in both groups had similar thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm classification and aneurysm and target artery diameter, but SESG patients had significantly (P < .05) shorter stent length (−7 mm) and larger stent diameter (+1 mm) and more often had adjunctive bare-metal stents (72% vs 15%). Technical success was achieved in 99% of patients, with one 30-day death (0.7%). Mean follow-up was significantly longer among patients treated by SESGs compared with BESGs (23 ± 12 months vs 8±8 months; P < .0001). TAI occurred in 27 directional branches (8%), including 11 type IC endoleaks (2 SESGs, 9 BESGs), 10 stenoses (3 SESGs, 7 BESGs), 4 occlusions (3 SESGs, 1 BESGs), 4 type IIIC endoleaks (2 SESGs, 2 BESGs), and 1 stent separation (SESG), resulting in 20 target artery reinterventions in 16 patients (5 SESGs and 11 BESGs). At 1 year, SESGs had higher primary patency (97% ± 2% vs 96% ± 2%; P = .004), freedom from TAI (96% ± 2% vs 88% ± 3%; P < .0001), freedom from type IC or type IIIC endoleaks (98% ± 1% vs 92% ± 3%; P = .0004), and freedom from target artery reinterventions (98% ± 1% vs 88% ± 4%; P < .0001) compared with BESGs. There was no difference in secondary patency for SESGs and BESGs (98% ± 1% vs 99% ± 1%; P = .75). Factors associated with TAI were large stent diameter (odds ratio, 0.6; P < .0001) and use of VBX stent graft (odds ratio, 6.5; P < .0001).ConclusionsDirectional branches were associated with high technical success and low rates of stent occlusion, independent of stent type. However, primary patency, freedom from TAI, and freedom from type IC or type IIIC endoleaks was lower for BESGs compared with SESGs.     

Endovascular repair of an aortoiliac aneurysm with bilateral bifurcated branched iliac stent‐grafts

Extension of abdominal aortic aneurysms to involve one or both common iliac arteries occurs in 20–30% of patients. In treating aneurysmal diseases involving the common iliac arteries, preservation of blood flow to the pelvic circulation is desirable. The development of branched stent‐grafts has made this possible with the endovascular approach. We herein describe our technique of endovascular repair of an aortoiliac aneurysm with bilateral bifurcated branched iliac stent‐grafts.     

Homemade endovascular treatment of postoperativi aortobronchial fistulas

Successful treatments of aortobronchial fistulas were achieved in two cases using a homemade endovascular stent graft. In one, a 75-year-old man was operated on for a distal arch aneurysm 11 years previously. In the other, a 73-year-old woman was operated on for a ruptured type B aortic dissection 2 months previously. In both cases, the chief complaint was repeated hemoptysis, and the communiation between the aorta and the airway tract was at the distal anastomotic site in the descending aorta. To minimize risks associated with reoperation, endovascular stent grafting was selected electively. Postoperative courses were uneventful and there were no recurrences of hemoptysis.     

主动脉瘤40例治疗体会

目的介绍外科与腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤的体会。方法手术与腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤40例,手术治疗30例,Bentall术9例,Bentall 部分弓置换3例,主动脉瘤切除人工血管置换6例,主动脉瘤切除补片修补4例,升主动脉 部分弓置换、主动脉瓣二尖瓣置换 升主动脉折叠缝合术各2例,主动脉瓣置换 升主动脉置换、主动脉瓣置换升主动脉折叠缝合术、主动脉瘤切除直接缝合、主动脉瘤切除人工血管置换 左全肺切除术各1例。腔内隔绝术治疗假性胸降主动脉瘤1例、假性腹主动脉瘤1例、夹层主动脉瘤ⅢA型1例、ⅢB型7例,经股动脉切口植入32~38mm覆膜支架。结果手术后因低心排出量综合征和出血各死亡1例,死亡率6.7%,无截瘫、偏瘫和感染。覆膜支架腔内隔绝术后1~2周内低热8例,无大出血、内漏和死亡。生存38例,随访1个月~5年,无死亡和远期并发症。结论升弓部主动脉瘤的手术治疗效果满意,覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗DeBakeyⅢ型夹层主动脉瘤创伤小、并发症少、恢复快。     

Co-existence of abdominal aortic aneurysms and intracranial aneurysms

Summary The occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in the same patient and in the same family was studied among 89 patients with AAAs and 485 patients with IAs. Among the AAA-patients two had IAs themselves and five had IAs in the family, whereas three IA-patients had AAAs themselves and eight had AAAs in the family. Moreover, one of the patients with both AAA and IA had a blood relative with AAA, and in six of the families with both types of aneurysms there were more than two subjects with aneurysms. The results indicate, that AAAs and IAs may have a common aetiologic factor.