脑梗死与氧化低密度脂蛋白和血液流变学指标的关系

 目的探讨脑梗死患者血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白(OX-LDL)和血液流变学指标的变化及其相互关系.方法用ELISA法测定30例脑梗死患者和46例正常对照组血浆OX-LDL,平行测定血液流变学指标,并对OX-LDL与血流变指标进行相关分析.结果脑梗死患者血浆OX-LDL浓度明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),血液流变学指标与对照组比较,高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度、红细胞压积和红细胞变形指数均有显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),脑梗死患者血浆OX-LDL浓度与血流变异常指标呈正相关.结论血浆OX-LDL与血液流变性异常与脑梗死有关,对二者检测有助于脑梗死的诊断和治疗.     

终末肾病患者血液流变学观察及临床意义

目的:观察终末肾病患者血液流变学的变化及透析治疗对其的影响.方法:采用血液流变学分析仪,测定患者及正常对照组的血液流变学指标及红细胞压积、血沉等指标.结果:终末肾病患者全血粘度低切值(3/s)、高切值(200/s)、红细胞压积和红细胞电泳时间与正常对照组比较明显降低(P＜0.01),血沉与正常对照组比较明显升高 (P＜0.01),血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).全血粘度低切值、高切值与红细胞压积呈正相关(r=0.868,P＜0.01).终末肾病患者透析后,全血粘度低切值、高切值、红细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间与透析前比明显升高 (P＜0.05);全血粘度低切值、高切值、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:终末肾病患者全血粘度明显降低,血液透析可以改变其全血粘度降低的现象.     

脂微球前列腺素E1治疗老年慢性肾功能不全

目的 研究脂微球前列腺素E1治疗老年慢性肾功能不全的临床效果.方法 入选112例慢性肾功能不全的老年患者,随机分成对照组和研究组,每组56例,其中对照组予以一般对症治疗,而研究组在一般对症治疗的基础上,加用脂微球前列腺素E1.治疗4 w后,比较分析两组患者相关临床资料变化情况.结果 (1)治疗前,两组患者的全血黏度高切、全血黏度中切、全血黏度低切、血浆黏度120、红细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞电泳指数、血浆纤维蛋白原含量以及血沉方程K值等血液流变学指标均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),而治疗后,研究组的血液流变学指标均较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05).(2)治疗前,两组患者的BUN、Cr、CCr、UA、24 h尿蛋白、mALB以及β2-MG水平均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),治疗后,研究组的CCr、24 h尿蛋白、mALB及β2-MG水平均较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05).(3)治疗组中,Cr≥176 μmol/L组治疗前后的BUN、Cr、mALB及β2-MG水平均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),而Cr＜176 μmol/L组治疗后的BUN、Cr、mALB以及β2-MG水平均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 脂微球前列腺素E1可以改善血液流变学和微循环状态,对老年慢性肾功能不全患者具有很好的治疗效果,尤其是早期效果更佳.     

核潜艇艇员的血液流变学检测指标分析

目的检测并分析核潜艇艇员的血液流变学指标。方法将入院疗养的核潜艇艇员30例作为试验组;对照组为本院的健康体检者36例,检测两组人员的10个血液流变学指标,即:血液黏度,红细胞比容,全血还原黏度,血浆黏度,纤维蛋白原,红细胞刚性指数,红细胞变形系数,血细胞聚集系数,微循环滞留时间,血栓形成系数。结果试验组的红细胞比容(0.493±0.024)L/L与对照组的(0.471±0.028)L/L比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.416,P<0.01);试验组的全血还原黏度(7.44±0.595)m Pa/s与对照组的(7.09±0.029)m Pa/s比较,差异有显著统计学意义(t=2.768,P<0.01);试验组的红细胞刚性指数(4.156±0.648)高于对照组的(3.86±0.42),差异有统计学意义(t=2.251,P<0.05);试验组的血液黏度高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组的其他指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论核潜艇艇员长期在特殊环境中工作,可因各种因素促使他们的部分血液流变学指标发生改变。     

高原不同海拔地区高脂血症患者血脂及血液流变学相关性研究

目的:探讨高原不同海拔地区高脂血症患者血脂及血液流变学的变化及两者的相关性.方法:比较两个不同高海拔地区215例高脂血症患者血脂及血液流变学的变化.结果:居住在海拔3 000m以上的患者较海拔2 260m患者的总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白偏低,P<0.05;居住在海拔3 000m以上患者的全血黏度及全血还原黏度(低切、中切、高切)、红细胞压积及红细胞电泳指数均高于海拔2 260m,P<0.05.血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白)与血液流变学各项指标的相关性比较,均P>0.05,无相关性.结论:①随着海拔增高低氧越严重,血液黏度也相应增高;②尽管随着海拔增高居民饮食结构中高热量、高蛋白饮食比例加大,但血脂较海拔较低组反而下降.提示随着海拔增高肾素-血管紧张素系统激活,对血脂的分解及转运加强,推断可能是高原人对低氧的一种持续适应机制.     

视网膜中央静脉阻塞与球后血流动力学及血液流变学的临床分析

 目的探讨视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)患者的视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、眼动脉(OA)的血液动力学、血液流变学改变及其相互关系.方法采用美国AcusN128XP/10彩色多普勒成像(CDI)技术检测33例CRVO患者和33例正常人CRA.OA血流动力学及血液流变学改变.结果CRVO患眼CRA收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)比对侧眼(P＜0.05)及对照组(P＜0.01)下降,舒张末期最小血流速度(Vmin)比对侧眼及对照组减低(P＜0.05),阻力指数(RI)比对侧眼(P＜0.05)及对照组(P＜0.01)增高.低切率全血比粘度较对照组显著性增高(P＜0.01),并与CRAO患者Vmax(r=-0.641,P＜0.01)、Vmin(r=-0.538),P＜0.01)成负相关.结论CRVO患眼CRA的CDI参数异常,表明动脉血流速度的下降与CRVO发病相关,CRA供血减少是引起视网膜损害的主要原因之一.低切率全血比粘度增高是导致CRVO患眼CRA血流下降因素之一.     

黄芪、当归对血管内皮剥脱后再狭窄大鼠血液流变学的影响

 目的研究中药黄芪、当归对血管内皮剥脱后再狭窄大鼠血液流变学的影响,探讨黄芪、当归防治血管再狭窄的作用机制.方法建立内皮剥脱后再狭窄动物模型,应用血液流变仪检测黄芪、当归对内皮剥脱后血管再狭窄大鼠血液流变学的影响.结果与对照组比较,内皮剥脱后21 d,模型组大鼠血浆及全血黏度、红细胞聚集指数及刚性指数、红细胞压积均明显升高,细胞变形指数显著下降(P＜0.05).黄芪、当归单独及联合治疗后血浆及全血黏度、红细胞聚集指数及刚性指数、红细胞压积较模型组明显降低,红细胞变形能力显著增强,各项指标均有明显差异(P＜0.05).黄芪和当归联合治疗后各项指标基本恢复至对照水平.结论黄芪、当归可能通过改善血液流变学各项指标而发挥其防治血管内皮剥脱后再狭窄的作用.     

高脂血症患者血液流变学指标分析

目的：分析高脂血症患者血液流变学指标与血脂水平的关系.方法：对体检资料完整的435例观察对象,根据血脂水平分为高脂血症组310例,血脂正常对照组125例.对两组的血液流变学指标、血脂水平、心脑血管疾病发病情况进行比较.结果：高脂血症组血液流变学各项指标及血脂水平与对照组比较,差异非常显著（P＜0.01）;高脂血症组心脑血管疾病发病率明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论：高脂血症患者的血液处于黏、浓、聚、凝的状态,是发生心脑血管事件的危险因素.     

甾体皂苷化合物抑制血栓形成作用的研究

目的：观察甾体皂苷化合物(化合物9714)对血栓形成、血小板聚集及血液流变学的影响。方法：采用动静脉旁路血栓形成模型，测定化合物9714对血栓形成的影响；采用比浊法，测定其对大鼠血小板聚集的影响；采用大鼠急性血淤模型，测定其对血液流变学的影响。结果：化合物971410，20，40mg／kg组均能明显减轻血栓的干重及湿重；可抑制ADP、胶原诱导的大鼠血小板聚集；降低急性血淤大鼠的全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集性，以及增强红细胞变形性。结论：化合物9714通过抑制血小板聚集、改善血液流变学来发挥其抗血栓形成作用。     

滇丹参提取液对心肌缺血大鼠血液流变性的影响

目的：探讨云南产甘西鼠尾属药物滇丹参对大鼠血液流变性的影响.方法：结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支造成急性心肌梗塞模型,股静脉给药,1.5 h后颈动脉取血测定全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血浆纤维蛋白原含量等血液流变学指标.结果：滇丹参10 g/kg、4 g/kg、2 g/kg三种剂量均能显著降低高、中、低切变率下的全血粘度和血浆粘度（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,能显著降低纤维蛋白原含量（P＜0.01）;10 g/kg时,能降低红细胞压积（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.结论：滇丹参具有改善心肌缺血大鼠血液流变异常的作用.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.