多西他赛联合奈达铂同步调强适形放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

  目的  观察比较调强放疗联合化疗与单纯调强适形放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效、急性反应及晚期损伤。  方法  初治鼻咽癌患者72例,均为Ⅲ~Ⅳa期;随机接受单纯根治性放疗+序贯化疗（30例）和同步放化疗+序贯化疗（42例）。鼻咽和颈部靶体积均采用调强适形放疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT）技术照射。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,RTOG/ EORTC标准评价急性反应和晚期损伤。  结果  本组中位随访时间13.5个月,单纯放疗组1、2年局部区域无进展和无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为95.0%、80.0%、95.0%和80.0%、60.0%、75.0%;同步放化疗组1、2年局部区域无进展和无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为100%、96.4%、96.4%和100%、92.9%、92.9%;两组间2年局部区域无进展生存率（χ2=3.951,P=0.047）和无远处转移生存率（χ2=3.858,P=0.049）差异有统计学意义,2年总生存率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.334,P=0.248）。多数患者仅表现为1~2级放疗急性反应和0~1级放疗晚期损伤,两组差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,未观察到4级急性反应和晚期损伤;在晚期损伤症口干表现中,两组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。化疗相关不良反应中,两组的白细胞、中性粒细胞抑制及消化道反应差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;体重下降方面两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。  结论  IMRT联合同步化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌患者可获得较好的局部区域及远处转移控制率,两者急性放射损伤无显著性差异;晚期损伤方面联合治疗患者较易出现口干等症状;联合治疗组亦能顺利完成治疗。      

不同诱导化疗方案联合放疗治疗鼻咽癌疗效分析

  目的  分析诱导化疗后行调强放疗的鼻咽癌患者,对比不同诱导化疗方案的治疗疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院初治170例Ⅱ~Ⅳb期鼻咽癌患者临床资料,其中男性126例,女性44例;Ⅱ期27例,Ⅲ期105例,Ⅳa~b期38例。  结果  全组中位随访时间34个月。3年总生存率、局部区域控制率、无病生存率和无远处转移生存率分别为82.8%、91.5%、76.7%和69.1%。多因素分析发现,含紫杉醇+顺铂的诱导化疗方案较顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶疾病进展（HR:1.820,95%CI:1.013~3.271,P=0.045）及远处转移风险（HR:2.240,95%CI:1.017~4.090,P=0.045）显著降低。  结论  含紫杉醇+顺铂的诱导化疗方案较顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶方案显著延长鼻咽癌患者无病生存率和无远处转移生存率。      

104例Ⅱ期鼻咽癌诱导化疗的回顾性同期对照研究

  目的  探讨诱导化疗对Ⅱ期鼻咽癌远期疗效的影响。  方法  收集福建省肿瘤医院放疗科收治经病理组织学证实的初诊Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者104例,按治疗方式分为诱导化疗联合放疗组（放化组）和单纯放疗组（单放组）。比较两组患者的5年生存率。  结果  全组中位随访时间为61（14~74）个月。放化组62例,单放组42例。放化组和单放组的5年无局部区域复发生存率（LRRFS）、无远处转移生存率（DMFS）、总生存率（OS）分别为92.9%和86.9%（P=0.859）、91.9%和97.6%（P=0.253）、94.3%和82.9%（P=0.164）。进一步分析结果显示,放化组中的T₂N₀、T₁N₁、T₂N₁期的DMFS分别为100.0%、100.0%、78.3%（P=0.010）;OS分别为100.0%、100.0%、85.2%（P=0.079）;LRRFS分别为83.3%、96.9%、89.9%（P=0.393）。  结论  诱导化疗联合放疗未能提高Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者的生存率。但T₂N₁期患者有较高的远处转移风险,可能需要行系统化疗。      

放化疗联合治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

  目的  在局部晚期鼻咽癌根治性放疗联合紫杉醇、顺铂化疗中, 分析同步治疗与序贯治疗对治疗疗效的影响。  方法  144例局部晚期鼻咽癌病例进行随机分组, 同步治疗组: 放疗联合TP同步化疗; 序贯治疗组: 一疗程TP诱导化疗+根治性放疗+3疗程TP辅助化疗。放疗采用三维适形技术, 化疗采用紫杉醇联合顺铂方案。放疗及化疗方案联合治疗与同步治疗相同。  结果  全部病例至少随访2年, 同步治疗组与序贯治疗组: 局部控制率分别为81.2%与76.3%;远处转移率分别为9.7%与19.4%;2年无瘤生存率分别为76.4%与66.7%。  结论  研究表明局部晚期鼻咽癌接受同步放化疗, 无瘤生存率提高, 远处转移率降低; 不良反应与序贯治疗相比, 主要是放射性黏膜炎发生率和严重程度增加, 但经对症处理, 患者一般都能耐受。      

尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的 评价尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和患者不良反应.方法 回顾性分析尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗42例局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和患者不良反应.所有患者采用调强放疗（IMRT）技术,鼻咽原发灶处方剂量70 ～ 78.2 Gy,32 ～ 37次,41 ～49 d,颈部淋巴结65 ～ 76 Gy,32～37次,41 ～ 49 d;放疗同时每周应用尼妥珠单抗;全身化疗方案以（多西）紫杉醇＋奈达铂（TP）、复方氟尿嘧啶＋奈达铂（FP）及（多西）紫杉醇＋复方氟尿嘧啶＋奈达铂（TFP）为主.结果 主要不良反应为口腔黏膜炎、骨髓抑制、放射性皮炎和口腔干燥.其中1～2级、3级口腔黏膜炎分别有29例（69.0％）、2例（4.8％）,未出现4级黏膜炎;白细胞下降1～2级、3～4级分别为25例（59.5％）、16例（38.1％）,未发生白细胞减少性发热.全组无痤疮型皮疹、过敏反应及治疗相关的死亡.治疗结束后1个月疗效评价,完全缓解（CR）率90.5％（38/42）,部分缓解（PR）率9.5 ％（4/42）,总有效率100％;其中鼻咽原发灶CR率92.9％（39/42）、PR率7.1％（3/42）,颈部阳性淋巴结CR率97.6％（41/42）,PR率2.4％（1/42）.中位随访22.5个月,1年局部区域控制率100％,1年无远处转移生存率92.7％,1年总生存率95.2％.结论 尼妥珠单抗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效良好,不良反应轻微可耐受.     

局部T晚期与N晚期鼻咽癌患者的预后比较

  目的  回顾性分析局部T晚期与N晚期鼻咽癌患者的预后情况，为临床鼻咽癌治疗提供参考。  方法  选取2011年12月至2017年11月西部战区总医院经病理确诊为鼻咽癌的局部T晚期患者102例、局部N晚期患者162例的临床病例资料，分为两组并分析患者的预后情况。  结果  局部T晚期与N晚期患者5年总生存率（overall survival，OS）分别为82.8%与75.8%（P=0.271）、无疾病进展生存率（progression-free survival，PFS）分别为73.7%与62.8%（P=0.043），无局部复发生存率（local relapse-free survival，LRFS）分别为87.6%与91.6%（P=0.646）、无远处转移生存率（distant metastasis-free survival，DMFS）分别为87.7%与79.5%（P=0.066），两组间PFS差异具有统计学意义。  结论  局部N晚期鼻咽癌患者的DMFS、OS、PFS均有下降趋势，临床上局部N晚期鼻咽癌患者应更强调系统性治疗以及分层治疗的意义，以争取更高的OS并降低远处转移。      

食管癌根治术后复发的治疗策略

  目的  探讨食管癌根治性切除术后复发患者的放射治疗策略和预后因素。  方法  回顾性分析病理确诊为食管癌且经R0切除后出现复发转移的66例患者,肿瘤中位复发时间10.6个月;50例患者局部区域复发,16例患者复发合并远处转移;全组患者中,单纯放疗10例,单纯化疗23例,放化联合治疗33例;联合放化疗组:先行化疗者22例,先行放疗者11例。放疗采用6MV-X线,中位放疗剂量60 Gy。  结果  全组患者1、2、3年生存率和中位生存时间分别为61.9%、25.9%、16.5%和14.3个月（95% CI=2.4~16.2个月）。三种治疗模式中单纯化疗、单纯放疗和联合放化疗的患者中位生存时间分别为11.4、25.5和14.3个月（P= 0.037）。复发合并远处转移的联合放化疗患者,先行化疗较先行放疗生存有获益（P=0.032）。单因素分析显示患者初治时的肿瘤分段、术式、复发是否合并转移、复发后治疗方式以及复发后是否放疗与患者预后相关（P < 0.05）。多因素分析显示患者初始治疗时的肿瘤分段为影响患者预后的独立因素（P < 0.01）。  结论  术前食管癌分段或许能提示复发的预后;对于有远处转移的患者,先行化疗后再放疗,对延长生存更有益。      

初治鼻咽癌调强适形放疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨根治性调强适形放疗（IMRT）治疗初治鼻咽癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法 74例鼻咽癌患者均接受全程IMRT照射,给予鼻咽大体肿瘤体积（GTVnx）处方剂量69.9Gy／30f,颈部转移淋巴结（GTVnd）69.9Gy／30f,临床靶体积1（CTV1）60Gy／30f,临床靶体积2（CTV2）54Gy／30f。按照RTOG/EORTC标准评价急性反应和晚期放射损伤;采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果 中位随访时间为39个月（13～80个月）。全组1、2、3、5年生存率分别为97.3％、93.8％、88.2％和77.2％,无远处转移生存率分别为93.2％、91.1％、91.1％和84.1％,局部区域控制率分别为98.6％、91.0％、86.8％和80.6％。不同临床分期和T分期患者的生存率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而不同N分期患者的生存率差异有统计学意义（P=0.02）。在治疗失败的12例患者中,局部和区域失败分别占治疗失败病例的50.0％和16.7％,远处转移占58.3％。74例患者中3例出现3级口干,1例出现放射性颞叶损伤,4例出现3级张口困难,全组未发现颅神经损伤病例。结论 采用GTV照射剂量69.9Gy/30f IMRT治疗初诊时无远处转移的鼻咽癌远期疗效较好,毒副反应少,N分期是其预后的影响因素。     

初治寡转移鼻咽癌患者原发灶根治性放疗疗效分析

目的 初诊寡转移鼻咽癌患者原发灶根治性放疗预后因素分析。方法 2008—2011年39例初诊寡转移鼻咽癌患者接受1~6周期化疗及原发灶根治性放疗,其中10例常规放疗,26例IMRT。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 中位随访时间38个月,1、2、3年OS和PFS分别为97%及87%、87%及65%、70%及59%。年龄、转移灶数目、诱导化疗方案、是否同步化疗均是影响生存的因素,其中≤3个转移灶患者生存率更高(P=0.023),诱导化疗包含比不含多西他赛方案生存率明显提高(P=0.041)。结论 初治寡转移鼻咽癌患者接受诱导化疗及原发灶根治性放疗后仍可获得长期生存,尤其是年龄小及转移灶数目≤3个患者。含多西紫杉醇的方案或能使患者得到更大生存获益。     

西妥昔单抗联合放化疗治疗进展期鼻咽癌的临床研究

背景与目的:最新研究报道,西妥昔单克隆抗体(单抗)联合放疗较单纯放疗降低了局部晚期头颈部鳞癌患者的死亡率.为探讨西妥昔单抗在鼻咽癌中的作用,本研究初步观察西妥昔单抗联合放化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌患者的不良反应及近期疗效.方法:取我院收治的晚期鼻咽癌患者12例.西妥昔单抗与放疗或化疗或同步放化疗同时使用,用法:西妥昔单抗第1周初始剂量为400 mg/m2,以后每周维持剂量为250 mg/m2,共8周.初诊或局部复发鼻咽癌患者均采用调强放疗技术,给予鼻咽部GTV处方剂量D6 975 cGy/31次,6.2周完成.对鼻咽癌转移灶姑息放疗,予转移灶外照射D3 000 cGy/10次,2周完成.结果:2例放疗后多脏器转移患者因病情进展而停用西妥昔单抗,2例初诊鼻咽癌因西妥昔单抗引起的Ⅲ级舌黏膜反应而停药,2例因Ⅲ级皮疹延迟用药1周,余6例顺利完成治疗计划.西妥昔单抗主要不良反应为皮疹、甲沟炎、黏膜反应、疲乏等.10例鼻咽部调强放疗同时使用西妥昔单抗的患者中,5例出现Ⅲ级口咽黏膜反应,其中4例同时出现Ⅲ级舌黏膜反应.全组完全缓解7例(58.3%),部分缓解3例(25.0%),疾病稳定2例(16.7%).中位随访14个月,2例死亡,10例存活且肿瘤无进展.结论:西妥昔单抗联合放化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的安全有效,但联合鼻咽部调强放疗时少部分患者出现较重的舌黏膜反应,影响治疗计划的顺利进行,需进行进一步临床试验研究.     

Stereotactic radiosurgical boost following radiotherapy in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma: impact on local control

PURPOSE: Treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma using external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone results in significant local recurrence. Although intracavitary brachytherapy can be used as a component of management, it may be inadequate if there is extension of disease to the skull base. To improve local control, stereotactic radiosurgery was used to boost the primary tumor site following fractionated radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-three consecutive patients were treated with radiosurgery following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 10/92 to 5/98. All patients had biopsy confirmation of disease prior to radiation therapy; Stage III disease (1 patient), Stage IV disease (22 patients). Fifteen patients received cisplatinum-based chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy. Radiosurgery was delivered using a frame-based LINAC as a boost (range 7 to 15 Gy, median 12 Gy) following fractionated radiation therapy (range 64.8 to 70 Gy, median 66 Gy). RESULTS: All 23 patients (100%) receiving radiosurgery as a boost following fractionated radiation therapy are locally controlled at a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 2 to 64 months). There have been no complications of treatment caused by radiosurgery. However, eight patients (35%) have subsequently developed regional or distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgical boost following fractionated EBRT provides excellent local control in advanced stage nasopharynx cancer and should be considered for all patients with this disease. The treatment is safe and effective and may be combined with cisplatinum-based chemotherapy.     

肺转移瘤立体定向放疗初探

目的 探讨肺转移瘤立体定向放疗（SRT）的疗效和影响局部疗效的因素。方法 52例133个肺转移瘤行SRT。52例中，男34例，女18例；年龄16．84岁，中位年龄58岁；治疗前单纯肺转移28例，伴有其他部位转移24例；接受SRT一程37例，多程15例。133个病灶中，鳞癌8个（6％）。腺癌22个（17％），肝癌23个（17％），肉瘤11个（8％），其他放化疗不敏感肿瘤69个（52％）；1个中心127个（95．5％），2个中心6个（4．5％）；准直器20～25mm7个（5％），27．5～30．0mm38个（29％），32．5～40．0mm53个（40％），40～50mm35个（26％）；靶体积为0．13～35．3em3，中位值为2．8cm3。1个中心参考剂量线定在90％，2个中心参考剂量线定在50％～80％。均采用体内预置金点标记无环重定位技术，4～6个旋转弧，非共面、等中心旋转照射。28个病灶照射总剂量为30～36Gy（分3次，14—18d完成）．32个为40～48y（分5～8次，12d完成），25个为48～52Gy（分4次，12～15d完成），8个为45Gy（分3次，10d完成）或54Gy（分4次，12d完成），19个为58～60Gy（分5～6次，15～20d完成），21个为40Gy（分2次，6～8d完成）、50Gy（分5次，12d完成）、60～66Gy（分10～11次，12～15d完成）。结果 完全缓解88个（66％），部分缓解23个（17％），稳定7个（5％），进展5个（4％），无法评价10个（8％）。有效率为84％，肿瘤局部控制率为89％（119／133）。全组病例无严重并发症。中位随访期16个月，平均生存期33个月，中位生存期24个月。1、2、3、4年生存率分别为79％、50％、45％、33％。结论 SRT对肺转移瘤是安全有效的方法，可用于治疗单发或多发肺转移瘤并可行多程治疗。对放化疗不敏感的病理类型和照射剂量偏低是影响局部疗效的重要因素。     

Excellent local control with stereotactic radiotherapy boost after external beam radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To determine long-term outcomes in patients receiving stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as a boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight-two patients received an SRT boost after EBRT between September 1992 and July 2006. Nine patients had T1, 30 had T2, 12 had T3, and 31 had T4 tumors. Sixteen patients had Stage II, 19 had Stage III, and 47 had Stage IV disease. Patients received 66 Gy of EBRT followed by a single-fraction SRT boost of 7-15 Gy, delivered 2-6 weeks after EBRT. Seventy patients also received cisplatin-based chemotherapy delivered concurrently with and adjuvant to radiotherapy. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 40.7 months (range, 6.5-144.2 months) for living patients, there was only 1 local failure in a patient with a T4 tumor. At 5 years, the freedom from local relapse rate was 98%, freedom from nodal relapse 83%, freedom from distant metastasis 68%, freedom from any relapse 67%, and overall survival 69%. Late toxicity included radiation-related retinopathy in 3, carotid aneurysm in 1, and radiographic temporal lobe necrosis in 10 patients, of whom 2 patients were symptomatic with seizures. Of 10 patients with temporal lobe necrosis, 9 had T4 tumors. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiotherapy boost after EBRT provides excellent local control for patients with NPC. Improved target delineation and dose homogeneity of radiation delivery for both EBRT and SRT is important to avoid long-term complications. Better systemic therapies for distant control are needed.     

Experience in fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy boost for newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is the most effective treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) boost for NPC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-four patients with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic NPC were treated with conventional radiotherapy 64.8-68.4 Gy followed by fractionated SBRT boost 12-15 Gy between January 2002 and July 2004. Most patients (72%) presented with Stage III-IV disease. Fifty-two patients also received cisplatin-based concurrent (38) or neoadjuvant (14) chemotherapy. The major endpoints were local control, overall survival, and complications. RESULTS: All patients finished the planned dose of radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 31 months (range, 22-54), 15 patients developed tumor recurrences--3 in the nasopharynx, 4 in the neck, 5 in distant sites, 1 in both nasopharynx and neck, 2 in the neck and a distant site. The 3-year actuarial rate of local control was 93.1%, regional control 91.4%, freedom from distant metastasis 90.3%, and overall survival 84.9%, respectively. There were no Grade 4 acute or chronic radiation-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated SBRT boost for NPC is technically feasible and provides good local control without any severe complications.     

调强放疗同期联合每周奈达铂治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的：观察调强放疗同期联合每周奈达铂治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效以及不良反应。方法：38例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者进入分析。所有患者均接受调强放疗。鼻咽肿瘤体积（ GTV）处方剂70Gy,颈部转移淋巴结（GTVnd）70Gy,临床靶体积1（CTV1）66Gy,临床靶体积2（CTV2）54Gy。于放疗第1周起静脉滴注奈达铂30mg/m2,每周1次,连用7周。结果：38例患者均可评价毒副反应及客观疗效。所有患者均完成了同期放化疗,少见严重不良反应。中位随访38个月,全组1、2、3年总生存率分别为94.7％、84.2％、78.9％,1、2、3年局部/区域控制率分别为100％、94.7％、92.1％,1、2、3年无远处转移生存率分别为97.3％、94.7％、73.6％。结论：调强放疗同期联合每周奈达铂治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌病人可达到较高的局部控制率和生存率,不良反应可耐受。     

Important prognostic factors in patients with skull base erosion from nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors in patients with skull base erosion from nasopharyngeal carcinoma after initial radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1985 to December 1986, 100 patients (71 males, 29 females) with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were found on computed tomography (CT) to have skull base erosion. The mean age was 41 years (range 16-66). Ninety-six patients had World Health Organization type III undifferentiated carcinoma, and 4 had type I. The metastatic workup, including chest radiography, liver ultrasound scanning, and liver function test was negative. All patients underwent external beam RT (EBRT) alone to 66-80 Gy during 6-8 weeks. A daily fraction size of 2 Gy was delivered using 60Co or a linear accelerator. No patient received chemotherapy. All patients were followed at regular intervals after irradiation. The median follow-up was 22.3 months (range 2-174). Survival of the cohort was computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The potential prognostic factors of survival were examined. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The 1, 2, 5, and 10-year overall survival rate for the cohort was 79%, 41%, 27%, and 13%, respectively. However, the subgroup of patients with both anterior cranial nerve (I-VIII) and posterior cranial nerve (IX-XII) involvement had a 5-year survival of only 7.7%. A difference in the time course of local recurrence and distant metastasis was observed. Both local recurrence and distant metastasis often occurred within the first 2 years after RT. However, local relapse continued to occur after 5 years. In contrast, no additional distant metastases were found after 5 years. The causes of death included local recurrence (n = 59), distant metastasis (n = 21), both local recurrence and distant metastasis (n = 1), and unrelated causes (n = 5). After multivariate analysis, complete recovery of cranial nerve involvement, cranial nerve palsy, and headache after irradiation were found to be independent prognostic factors in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We present one of the longest follow-ups of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma invading the skull base. Our results demonstrate the importance of cranial nerve involvement, recovery of headache, and cranial nerve palsy. These factors should be carefully evaluated from the history, physical examination, and imaging studies. A subgroup of patients with skull base involvement had long-term survival after RT alone. The findings of this study are important as a yardstick against which more aggressive strategies, such as combined radiochemotherapy and altered fractionation RT can be compared.     

46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

目的 回顾性分析初诊时即伴有远处转移的鼻咽癌患者的治疗结果 并探讨其预后.方法 3年余共收治46例初诊伴有远处转移的鼻咽癌患者,其中43例为单器官转移,3例为多器官转移.肝转移19例,骨转移11例,肺转移7例,腋窝淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结各6例,脑转移1例.所有患者均接受了鼻咽部及颈部40～85 Gy放疗.41例接受了1～5周期PF方案化疗,23例接受了远处转移灶姑息性放疗.结果 随访率为100%.1、2、3、5年生存率分别为66%、47%、30%、19%,中位生存时间为20个月.转移灶是否放疗及KPS评分是影响生存的预后因素.转移灶放疗与末放疗的中位生存时间分别为39个月和13个月(X2=8.63,P=0.012),KPS评分≥80和<80的中位生存时间分别为26个月和12个月(X2=3.95,P=0.035).结论 首诊远处转移的鼻咽癌患者得到积极治疗后仍有长期生存可能,KPS评分高者预后好,在全身化疗、原发灶放疗及支持治疗的同时转移病灶局部治疗可能延长生存时间.     

Adjuvant high-dose rate brachytherapy after chemoradiation for treatment of early T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The local control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after conventional radiotherapy has historically been suboptimal. Recently, investigators have reported improved outcomes for this patient population with the use of combined chemoradiotherapy. The purpose of this analysis of our prospective treatment protocol was to evaluate the additional value of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRIB) on the disease response, local control, and survival. Between March 1999 and January 2001, 16 patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced (stage III and IV) nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated prospectively at the Radiation Oncology Department of the National University Hospital of Singapore. All patients were staged according to the AJCC (1997) Staging System and had early T stages (T1 and T2). Treatments included concurrent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy as follows: 66 Gy to the primary tumor in conventional fractionation with cisplatin based concurrent chemotherapy followed by adjuvant cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. Ten Gy of HDRIB in 2 weekly fractions were delivered after the completion of EBRT to all 16 patients. All patients were evaluable for treatment response, local control, survival, and toxicity analysis. The median follow-up for the whole group of patients was 18 months (range: 10-34 months). All patients obtained pathologic complete response at the primary site at 4 months after the completion of the treatment. At the time of this analysis, 15 (93.8%) patients are alive with no evidence of disease. One patient (6.2%) developed locoregional recurrence in the neck at 9 months, and distant metastasis at 11 months after the completion of treatment. Our experience has shown adjuvant HDRIB after concurrent chemoradiation offers encouraging disease response, local control, and survival. A prospective study is being planned to further evaluate the role of adjuvant HDRIB after concurrent chemoradiation on treatment outcome.     

Improved local control with stereotactic radiosurgical boost in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) alone is associated with a significant risk of local recurrence. Stereotactic radiosurgery (STR) was used to boost the tumor site after EBRT to improve local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-five nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients received a STR boost after EBRT at Stanford University. Seven had T1, 16 had T2, 4 had T3, and 18 had T4 tumors (1997 American Joint Commission on Cancer staging). Ten had Stage II, 8 had Stage III, and 27 had Stage IV neoplasms. Most patients received 66 Gy of EBRT delivered at 2 Gy/fraction. Thirty-six received concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. STR was delivered to the primary site 4-6 weeks after EBRT in one fraction of 7-15 Gy. RESULTS: At a medium follow-up of 31 months, no local failures had occurred. The 3-year local control rate was 100%, the freedom from distant metastasis rate was 69%, the progression-free survival rate was 71%, and the overall survival rate was 75%. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed N stage (favoring N0-N1, p = 0.02, hazard ratio HR 4.2) and World Health Organization histologic type (favoring type III, p = 0.002, HR 13) as significant factors for freedom from distant metastasis. World Health Organization histologic type (p = 0.004, HR 10.5) and age (p = 0.01, HR 1.07/y) were significant factors for survival. Late toxicity included transient cranial nerve weakness in 4, radiation-related retinopathy in 1, and asymptomatic temporal lobe necrosis in 3 patients who originally had intracranial tumor extension. CONCLUSION: STR boost after EBRT provided excellent local control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The incidence of late toxicity was acceptable. More effective systemic treatment is needed to achieve improved survival.     

立体放射治疗复发鼻咽癌的初步探讨

探讨立体放射治疗(立体定向和适形放射治疗)对复发鼻咽癌的疗效和并发症。12例根治性放疗后复发患者,初次放疗至复发的中位间隔时间为10个月(6~48个月)。7例有头痛和(或)颅神经损伤症状;3例经活检病理确诊,9例经CT和(或)MRI诊断。在CT/MRI上肿瘤最大径≥4 cm者8例,≤4 cm者4例。三维适形放射治疗(3D CRT)5例,照射剂量42 Gy(20~60 Gy);分次放射外科治疗7例,其中3例采用多靶点照射技术,4~5 Gy/次,隔日或1次/d,总剂量40~48 Gy。12例患者中6例死于局部复发和(或)远处转移,3例患者已带瘤生存22、28和34个月,另3例在放疗后肿瘤完全消退,已健康生存12、33和48个月。全组中位生存时间为10个月。有1例患者死于鼻咽大出血。初步研究结果提示,采用三维放疗技术较小靶体积照射,对局限的复发鼻咽癌能达到良好的治疗效果,值得进一步探讨。对于病变广泛的晚期患者则能达到一定姑息减症的效果。