年龄、肌酐和射血分数评分对STEMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后1年预后的预测价值

目的:评价接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入手术(PCI)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的年龄、肌酐和射血分数(ACEF)评分对于患者术后1年预后的预测价值。方法:回顾性纳入2014年6月-2018年6月于苏州大学附属第一医院行PCI术的STEMI患者754例,根据患者1年内是否出现主要不良心血管事件(MACE)分为病例组185例及对照组569例。收集患者的临床资料,计算ACEF评分,根据三分位数将患者分成低危组(ACEF评分≤1.09,258例)、中危组(1.091.46,248例),比较3组患者1年内MACE的发生情况。结果:ACEF评分是STEMI患者1年内MACE发生的独立危险因素,与其他指标相比,其预测价值更高(AUC=0.784,95%CI:0.748～0.820,P=0.000)。高危组患者平均年龄更大,发生心房颤动、心力衰竭、室性心动过速以及心室颤动的比例更高(均P<0.05)。ACEF评分越高,术后1年内发生MACE的风险越高(log-rank P=0.000),发生时间越早。结论:ACEF...     

ACEF评分对75岁以上急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗预后的分析

目的探讨ACEF评分对年龄≥75岁急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接PCI短期临床获益的价值。方法连续收集2011年11月~2014年1月在阜外医院心内科住院的STEMI并行直接PCI患者104例,依据患者入院时ACEF评分分为低中危组18例,ACEF评分0.97~1.27(1.18±0.09)分,高危组86例,ACEF评分1.28~4.30(1.63±0.05)分。主要结局是30d全因病死率和1年全因病死率。单因素Cox回归模型分析低中危组和高危组与结局的相关性。通过ROC曲线评价ACEF评分系统预测30d及1年病死率。结果低中危组脑梗死、LVEF明显高于高危组[33.3%vs 8.1%,P=0.003;(64.8±6.3)%vs(50.8±8.6)%,P=0.001],年龄、身高、男性[(76.1±1.9)岁vs(78.3±3.6)岁,P=0.001;(1.6±0.1)mvs(1.7±0.1)m,P=0.048;38.9%vs67.4%,P=0.023]明显低于高危组。ACEF评分系统预测30d病死率和1年病死率的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.669和0.680。单因素Cox回归分析显示,高危组30d和1年死亡风险与低中危组无显著差异(HR=1.251,95%CI:0.151~10.387,P=0.430;HR=0.836,95%CI:0.177~3.935,P=0.820)。结论基于临床变量的ACEF评分对于在这一特定人群中缺乏进一步危险分层和评价预后的能力。     

年龄、肌酐和射血分数评分对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI后感染风险的预测价值

目的 探讨年龄、肌酐和射血分数(ACEF)评分对行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者感染风险的预测价值.方法 连续性纳入2010年1月至2016年6月于广东省人民医院收治的行PCI的STEMI患者2085例.根据ACEF评分将患者分为低危组(ACEF评分<1.04,n=695),中危组...     

微量白蛋白尿对冠心病PCI术后发生心脏不良事件的影响

目的观察尿微量蛋白量与冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后发生心脏不良事件的关系。方法114例PCI患者中61例尿微量白蛋白>20mg/L为阳性组,53例尿微量白蛋白≤20mg/L为阴性组,两组患者PCI术后均常规服药治疗,记录PCI后10±2.3月内两组病人心脏不良事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、冠状动脉旁路移植或重复进行经皮冠脉介入治疗、心绞痛复发、心功能不全)发生率。结果尿微量蛋白阴性组心脏不良事件发生率为6.56%,阳性组为24.53%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论微量白蛋白尿与冠心病PCI后心脏不良事件显著相关,微量白蛋白尿是预测冠心病患者介入治疗术后心脏不良事件的独立危险因素之一。     

血清3-NT与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的相关性及其对行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后1年预后的预测价值

目的:探讨血清3-硝基氨基酸(3-NT)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的相关性及其对行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后1年发生心血管不良事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年7月-2018年7月在我院行急诊PCI的STEMI患者共310例,根据PCI前SYNTAX评分将其分成低危组87例、中危组190例、高危组33例,酶联免疫法检测入院血清3-NT浓度,且用Spearman相关性分析研究血3-NT浓度与SYNTAX评分的相关性,随访患者1年,记录发生MACE情况,用Cox回归分析及绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价STEMI患者入院血3-NT浓度对PCI术后1年预后的预测价值。结果:高危组入院血3-NT浓度高于低、中危组[(23.99±4.61)μg/ml∶(22.83±4.60)μg/ml∶(21.29±4.27)μg/ml,P<0.05]。Spearman相关性分析示入院血3-NT浓度与SYNTAX评分呈正相关(r_s=0.516,P<0.01)。Cox回归结果显示入院血3-NT浓度(HR=1.061,95%CI:1.002～...     

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白对急性肺栓塞早期危险分层和预后预测的价值

目的:探讨急性肺栓塞(APE)患者起病24 h内,心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)对危险分层和预后预测的价值。方法:选择2009年6月至2010年10月至急诊就诊的发病24 h内的APE患者,按危险分层分为高危组、中危组和低危组,记录各组基线资料,以及超声心动图右心室腔径、估测肺动脉收缩压、心率、动脉血氧分压等结果,对各组H-FABP和肌钙蛋白I(cTNI)阳性率进行统计分析,并分析各因素与住院期间不良事件(死亡、气管插管和心肺复苏)发生率之间的相关性。结果:共有55例符合条件的APE患者入选,女性患者共30例;高危组12例,中危组25例,低危组18例;3组入院时心率、动脉血氧分压、肺动脉收缩压、溶栓二聚体(D-Dimer)在各组间差异有显著统计学意义。高危组患者入院时间显著早于中危组和低危组(中位数分别为4 h vs.8 h vs.14 h,P=0.001),右心室腔径更大[(32.3±9.1)mm vs.(29.1±7.8)mm vs.(22.6±8.4)mm,P=0.017),肺动脉收缩压更高(中位数分别为40 mmHg vs.20 mmHg vs.15 mmHg,P=0.033,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),住院期间不良事件发生率也显著高于中低危组。H-FABP阳性率显著高于cTNI阳性率(78.2%vs.43.6%,P=0.017)。相关性分析显示,H-FABP阳性率与不良事件发生率显著相关(r=0.875,P=0.037),而cTNI与不良事件发生率的相关性未达统计学意义(r=0.115,P=0.059)。结论:APE发病后早期H-FABP敏感性显著高于cTNI,且与住院期间不良事件发生率显著相关。     

hs-CRP、TPI联合HEART评分系统在急性心源性胸痛中的应用及对主要不良心血管事件的预测价值

目的探讨超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌钙蛋白I(TPI)联合HEART评分系统在急性心源性胸痛中的应用及对主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法选择194例急性胸痛患者依据胸痛病因分为急性心源性胸痛组(n=108)和急性非心源性胸痛组(n=86),比较各组hs-CRP、TPI联合HEART评分,并按照HEART评分对急性心源性胸痛患者进行危险度分层(分为高危组、中危组、低危组),记录随访3个月MACE发生情况。结果急性心源性胸痛组hs-CRP、TPI及HEART评分高于急性非心源性胸痛组(P0.05),急性心肌梗死患者的hs-CRP、TPI及HEART评分高于心绞痛患者(P0.05)。急性心源性胸痛高危组患者中hs-CRP、TPI及HEART评分高于中危组及低危组,中危组患者的hs-CRP、TPI及HEART评分高于低危组(P0.05)。急性心源性胸痛高危组MACE总发生率高于中危组,中危组MACE总发生率高于低危组(P0.05)。有MACE者的hs-CRP、TPI及HEART评分高于无MACE者(P0.05)。hs-CRP、TPI、HEART评分、hs-CRP+TPI+HEART评分对急性心源性胸痛MACE预测的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.626、0.764、0.709、0.866。结论 hs-CRP、TPI联合HEART评分系统有利于急性心源性胸痛的定性诊断和危险分层,且对患者短期内MACE的发生有较高的预测价值。     

残余冠状动脉病变评分对急性冠状动脉综合征患者PCI术后预后的评估作用

目的应用SYNTAX评分系统(SS)对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后残余病变进行定量评估,探讨其对ACS患者PCI术后长期预后的评估作用。方法纳入2014年1月至2015年5月兰州大学第一医院心脏中心诊治的ACS患者782例,根据其PCI术前及术后冠状动脉造影结果,分别计算基线SYNTAX积分(b SS)和残余SYNTAX积分(r SS),根据r SS分为完全血运重建组(CR组,r SS=0)和不完全血运重建组(IR组,r SS0),IR组分为低危组(0r SS≤4)、中危组(4r SS≤8)和高危组(r SS8),随访术后14个月终点事件发生率,随访终点包括:MACCE事件(全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再次血运重建、脑卒中),心源性死亡率。比较各组终点事件发生率及无事件生存率,分析终点事件的危险因素,以及r SS对终点事件的预测能力。结果成功随访676例,失访106例。(1)与完全血运重建组相比,不完全血运重建各组患者冠状动脉3支病变发生率及b SS更高,特别是r SS8的高危组患者,其合并冠状动脉3支病变、高血压发生率及b SS明显高于其他组(P0.05)。(2)不完全血运重建中危组及高危组患者MACCE事件发生率、全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、再次血运重建率较完全血运重建组及低危组升高(P0.05),而低危组与完全血运重建组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)无事件Kaplan Meier生存曲线显示不完全血运重建各组患者无不良心血管事件生存曲线较完全血运重建组偏低,其中r SS8的高危组明显偏低(P0.001)。(4)终点事件多因素Logistic回归分析提示r SS是ACS患者PCI术后14个月左右多种不良心血管事件的独立预测因子,包括MACCE事件发生率、全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、再次血运重建率,且以r SS与上述终点事件所绘制ROC曲线结果提示r SS对上述心血管不良事件有良好的预测能力,同时发现r SS与术后心肌梗死无明显相关性。结论 r SS定量评估ACS患者PCI术后残余病变,是术后14个月左右多种不良心血管事件的独立预测因子,且r SS≤4的患者较r SS4患者预后更好,而r SS8的患者预后相对较差。     

NLR联合GRACE评分对急性冠脉综合征患者对近期不良心血管事件的预测价值

摘要： 目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（neutrolphil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）联合GRACE评分对急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome ACS）患者对近期不良心血管事件的预测价值。方法 选取2017年7月至2019年4月期间沈阳医学院附属第二医院收治的ACS患者132例,根据GRACE评分将患者分为低危组（48例）、中危组（40例）、高危组（44例）,另根据随访期间是否发生主要不良心血管事件（major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE）将患者分为MACE组（25例）和非MACE组（107例）。收集患者的一般资料,检测血脂指标、心功能指标、NLR等。结果 高危组的年龄为63.62±5.26岁、NT-proBNP为563.54±102.33ng/L、LVEDD为49.02±2.15mm、NLR为5.21±2.65,均高于中危组和低危组,LVEF为48.32±3.15%,低于中危组和低危组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,中危组的NT-proBNP、LVEDD、NLR高于低危组,LVEF低于低危组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,MACE组的年龄、NT-proBNP、LVEDD、NLR、GRACE评分高于非MACE组,LVEF低于非MACE组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,年龄、LVEDD、NLR、GRACE评分均是ACS患者近期发生MACE的危险因素,而LVEF则是保护因素（P<0.05）,NLR、GRACE评分对ACS近期MACE均有较高的预测价值,曲线下面积均在0.8以上,敏感度和特异度均在70.00以上,且二者联合可进一步提高预测价值,敏感度将提升至88.79%,约登指数上升为0.608。结论 NLR与GRACE评分升高均是ACS患者近期发生MACE的危险因素,且对ACS近期MACE均有较高的预测价值,二者联合可进一步提高预测价值。     

老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死GRACE评分高危与低危患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗近期与远期疗效

目的：探讨老年（≥60岁）急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者早期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的必要性及安全性。方法收集2011年1月至2012年12月期间在沈阳军区总医院心血管内科住院诊断为NSTEMI并且接受PCI治疗的439例老年（≥60岁）患者。依据入院时的临床检查及化验指标,对每名患者进行全球急性冠状动脉事件注册（GRACE）评分,以评分结果进行分组（低危组评分≤140、高危组评分＞140）,比较两组的冠状动脉病变特点、PCI的术后并发症发生率、住院期间及术后1年内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）和终点事件的发生率。结果两组患者共入选439例,其中男性273例,女性166例,男性平均年龄68.4岁,女性平均年龄70.3岁。比较两组冠状动脉病变特点,高危组更多合并双支或三支血管病变（P＜0.05）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。比较两组总的终点事件发生率,全因死亡终点事件发生率和住院期间死亡终点事件发生率,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。亚组分析：两组年龄≥80岁患者之间以及高危组中年龄≥80岁与＜79岁两者之间总的终点事件发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。高危组≥80岁与＜79岁两者之间的死亡（包括非心源性及心源性）终点事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 GRACE评分是一种应用广泛、快速的心血管疾病评价方法,可以对临床预测并指导患者的早期干预,尤其对于老年NSTEMI患者进行早期干预治疗具有指导意义,并对其冠状动脉血管病变程度及复杂性有一定预测价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.