Patient outcome after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with reference to microsurgical clipping

OBJECTIVES: Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) has found growing acceptance worldwide, and partially replaced conventional microsurgery. In this study clinical and angiographical results of embolization are reviewed. In addition, long-term neuropsychological patient outcome with reference to surgery is assessed. Indications for screening and follow-up of the patients as limitations and recent achievements of aneurysm embolization are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Angiographical and clinical follow-up of the first 44 patients with 48 GDC-coiled aneurysms are reviewed. Postprocedural clinical, emotional and social (CES) outcome on disability scale as scored from postal questionnaire data is presented and compared to 106 currently operated patients. RESULTS: In 75% of the embolized aneurysms successful occlusion was achieved, procedural mortality was 2.3% and morbidity 18.2%. Clinical status of all 15 patients with unruptured aneurysms preserved. Of the surviving 29 patients with ruptured aneurysms 12 improved and the rest preserved their clinical status. In 91% of the embolized patients and in 85% of the operated patients CES outcome was categorized as good or excellent. The difference was statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: Embolization with GDC is a feasible, effective and safe mini-invasive method in small aneurysms with a small neck. However, intentional parent artery occlusion, novel endovascular techniques and embolic agents or supplementary surgery may be necessary in selected cases. Neuropsychological long-term outcome of the patients treated for an intracranial aneurysm does not differ much between GDC embolization and microsurgical clipping.     

Direct costs of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms can be preventively treated by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. We determined in detail the costs of these treatments. METHODS: We included patients who were treated for an unruptured aneurysm between 1997 and 2003. Patients coiled in this period were matched with clipped patients according to the year of treatment, age and gender. Considering clipping and coiling, we compared all pre-admission costs of diagnostic procedures, all costs of treatment, and costs during follow-up including standard angiographic control examinations at 6 and 18 months after coiling. Costs were calculated as the product of the used resources and the costs of these resources. RESULTS: The mean price for clipping was EUR 8,865.42 and that for coiling EUR 10,370.29. The difference was mainly determined by the higher material costs of coiling (EUR 5,300) compared with clipping (EUR 690). Costs of clipping were mainly determined by the need for intensive care facilities (1.2 days after clipping and 0 days after coiling) and the length of hospital stay (10.5 days after clipping and 3.4 days after coiling). After bootstrapping the data, costs of coiling were on average EUR 1,553 (95% confidence interval: EUR 1,539-1,569) higher than those of clipping. CONCLUSIONS: For unruptured intracranial aneurysms, direct in-hospital costs of coiling are on average higher than those of clipping, mostly because of the more expensive coils.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水的系统评价

目的系统评价颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率。方法以脑积水、夹闭、介入、栓塞、颅内动脉瘤、脑动脉瘤、蛛网膜下腔出血/蛛网膜下隙出血,以及hydrocephalus、shunt、clipping、coiling、surgical、endovascular、embolization、treatment、intracranial aneurysm、cerebral aneurysm、subarachnoid hemorrhage等中英文词组,计算机检索1990年1月-2015年9月美国国立医学图书馆生物医学信息检索系统、荷兰医学文摘、Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、中国知网中国知识基础设施工程、万方数据库,辅助手工检索《中华神经外科杂志》、《中国现代神经疾病杂志》和《中国脑血管病杂志》等相关杂志,查阅关于颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率的临床研究。采用Jadad量表和Newcastle-Ottawa量表评价文献质量,Rev Man 5.3和Stata 13.1统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共获得731篇文献,经剔除重复和不符合纳入标准者,最终纳入18项临床试验共计15 920例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者,行夹闭术者10 038例、行栓塞术5882例。Meta分析显示:两种治疗方式术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.860,95%CI:0.720~1.030;P=0.110);分析结果的稳定性较差,但不存在发表偏倚(Egger法:P=0.795)。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著差异,但尚待进一步的高质量临床研究加以证实。     

Whole-brain CT perfusion combined with CT angiography for ischemic complications following microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms

Ischemic complications associated with microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling affects the outcome of patients with intracranial aneurysms. We prospectively evaluated 58 intracranial aneurysm patients who had neurological deterioration or presented with poor grade (Hunt-Hess grades III and IV), aneurysm size >13 mm and multiple aneurysms after clipping or coiling. Thirty patients had ischemic complications (52%) as demonstrated by whole-brain CT perfusion (WB-CTP) combined with CT angiography (CTA). Half of these 30 patients had treatment-associated reduction in the diameter of the parent vessels (n = 6), ligation of the parent vessels or perforating arteries (n = 2), and unexplained or indistinguishable vascular injury (n = 7); seven of these 15 (73%) patients suffered infarction. The remaining 15 patients had disease-associated cerebral ischemia caused by generalized vasospasm (n = 6) and focal vessel vasospasm (n = 9); six of these 15 (40%) patients developed infarction. Three hemodynamic patterns of ischemic complications were found on WB-CTP, of which increased time to peak, time to delay and mean transit time associated with decreased cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume were the main predictors of irreversible ischemic lesions. In conclusion, WB-CTP combined with CTA can accurately determine the cause of neurological deterioration and classify ischemic complications. This combined approach may be helpful in assessing hemodynamic patterns and monitoring operative outcomes.     

血管内栓塞术和开颅夹闭手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的对比分析

目的 探讨血管内栓塞术和开颅夹闭术治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月收治的86例颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床资料,其中43例采用血管内栓塞术治疗（栓塞组）,43例采用开颅夹闭术治疗（夹闭组）。结果 术后4周,栓塞组改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分0分22例,1分6例,2分5例,3分4例,4分2例,5分3例;夹闭组mRS评分0分20例,1分7例,2分5例,3分4例,4分3例,5分2例。栓塞组恢复良好率（76.7%,33/43）与夹闭组（74.4%,32/43）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。栓塞组术后并发症发生率（16.2%,7/43）明显低于夹闭组（37.2%,16/43;P<0.05）。结论 血管内栓塞术和开颅夹闭术治疗均是治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的有效方法,疗效基本相同,但血管内栓塞治疗术后并发症发生率低于开颅夹闭术。     

显微手术夹闭与血管栓塞术治疗脑动脉瘤的疗效与成本分析

目的 探讨显微手术夹闭与血管栓塞术治疗脑动脉瘤的疗效与成本.方法 选择河南省人民医院神经外科自2007年1月至2010年12月收治的脑动脉瘤患者251例,其中170例(174个动脉瘤)行显微手术夹闭(夹闭组),181例(185个动脉瘤)行血管栓塞术(栓塞组),比较2组患者的住院时间、血管闭塞率、术中破裂率、院内死亡率和术后并发症的发生,术后3个月按照改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价患者的疗效并进行成本分析.结果 栓塞组患者平均住院时间和术中破裂率低于夹闭组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组患者的mRS评分相比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05):成本和敏感度分析均显示夹闭组患者的单位成本效果比较低.结论 显微手术夹闭与血管栓塞术治疗脑动脉瘤疗效相当,各有优缺点,但显微手术夹闭更具成本效益,比较经济.     

显微夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗颅内后循环动脉瘤的疗效比较

目的 比较显微夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗颅内后循环动脉瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2019年1月收治的40例颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床资料。显微夹闭术治疗20例（夹闭组），血管内栓塞治疗20例（栓塞组）。结果 术后6个月，预后良好33例（GOS评分4~5分），预后差6例（GOS评分2~3分），死亡1例。夹闭组预后良好17例，术后发生脑缺血3例、颅神经麻痹5例，动脉瘤瘤颈残留1例。栓塞组预后良好16例，术后发生脑缺血2例、颅神经麻痹1例，动脉瘤瘤颈残留9例。夹闭组动脉瘤瘤颈残留发生率（5.0%，1/20）明显低于栓塞组（45.0%，9/20；P<0.05），而两组预后良好率、术后脑缺血发生率、颅神经麻痹发生率均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 颅内后循环动脉瘤需要显微夹闭术与血管内栓塞治疗协同，权衡每种治疗方式的优缺点，以获得期望的疗效     

行血管内治疗的高龄颅内动脉瘤患者脑血管痉挛的临床分析

目的 评估70岁以上老年人动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）患者行血管内治疗发生症状性脑血管痉挛（SCVS）的临床治疗效果。方法 44例aSHA患者分为两组:低龄组（<70岁,32例）和高龄组（≥70岁,12例）。分析两组患者的临床特征、SCVS的发生率、改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、以及mRS评分为3~6分患者的SCVS发生率。结果 高龄组患者的SCVS发生率（58.3%）显著高于低龄组（12.5%;P<0.05）。对于mrs评分为3~6分患者,高龄组scvs发生率（58.3%）显著高于低龄组（17.4%;>P<0.05）。>结论 对于行血管内治疗的aSAH患者,≥70岁患者更易发生SCVS,从而导致更差的临床疗效和预后。     

Outcomes of early physiotherapy in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization

Early physiotherapy was given to 124 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients were divided into four groups according to their Hunt and Hess grade at admission and aneurysm treatment modality: Group 1,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and surgical clipping;Group 2,Hunt and Hess grade≤II and endovascular embolization;Group 3,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and surgical clipping;Group 4,Hunt and Hess grade≥III and endovascular embolization.Level of consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale,functional status using the Glasgow Outcome Scale,level of the mobility using the Mobility Scale for acute stroke patients,and independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel Index.After early physiotherapy,the level of consciousness and functional status improved significantly in Groups 1,3,and 4;mobility improved significantly in all groups;and independence in activities of daily living improved significantly in Groups 1 and 3.At discharge, Groups 1 and 2 had better functional status than Groups 3 and 4.Level of consciousness,functional status,mobility and independence in activities of daily living improved after early physiotherapy. These findings suggest that early physiotherapy improved the prognosis of patients with cerebral aneurysms who were treated by surgical clipping or endovascular embolization.Patients with a worse clinical status at presentation had a poorer functional status at discharge.The outcome of physiotherapy was not affected by whether surgical clipping or endovascular embolization was chosen for treatment of the aneurysm.     

开颅夹闭术和血管内介入术治疗前循环动脉瘤的对比研究

目的 比较开颅夹闭术和血管内介入术两种方法治疗前循环动脉瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性研究湘潭市中心医院2007年1月至2011年6月按照个体化治疗原则开颅夹闭术治疗的45例和血管内介入术治疗的36例前循环动脉瘤患者的临床资料,对两组患者主要并发症、术后死亡率、恢复优良率、复发率和平均住院时间进行比较,并进行统计学分析,P＜0.05有统计学意义.结果 开颅组术后动脉瘤复发率低于介入组,分别为2 2％和19.4％,开颅组和介入组平均住院天数为16±0.9天及11±0.8天,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组患者术中动脉瘤破裂出血、术后脑血管痉挛、脑积水等并发症的发生率分别为8.9％和8.3％、31.1％和36.1％、2.2％和5.6％,死亡率分别为2.2％和2.8％,恢复优良率分别为82.2％和83.3％,两者比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 开颅夹闭术和血管内介入术治疗前循环动脉瘤疗效无明显优劣之分,可按照个体化治疗原则,选择其中一种方法进行治疗.     

Temporary clipping and cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral aneurysms

Regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) was measured with cerebral aneurysms by the H2-inhalation technique during intraoperative occlusion test in 15 patients. Temporary clipping was followed by a decrease of RCBF below the critical values in most patients. Reperfusion at the removal of a clip from the internal carotid and middle cerebral artery induced a significant hyperemia (298 +/- 55 ml/100 g x min). At the same time, there was no increase in the frequency of postoperative complications due to temporary clipping. This suggests that their development is related to the duration of cerebral ischemia and the state of the blood-brain barrier.     

比较手术夹闭和介入栓塞治疗颅内未破裂动脉瘤安全性和有效性的Meta分析

目的比较手术夹闭和介入栓塞治疗颅内未破裂动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法计算机检索1990至2018年颅内未破裂动脉瘤的所有临床对照研究。两名研究员分别纳入研究、提取数据、质量评价并应用Rev Man5. 0软件进行数据处理。结果最终纳入21篇文献,病例数109114例。Meta分析结果提示:手术夹闭组动脉瘤闭塞率为88. 2%,平均住院时间7. 7天,均高于介入栓塞组的65. 3%和4. 1天,P 0. 05。介入组患者的短期死亡率和致残率分别为0. 61%和2. 1%,均低于手术组的1. 27%和4. 7%,P 0. 05。介入组患者的1年期死亡率和致残率(2. 5%、2. 5%)均与手术组(2. 2%、1. 8%)无明显差异,P 0. 05。漏斗图未发现发表偏倚。敏感性分析结果一致。结论介入栓塞相比于手术夹闭可缩短患者的住院时间,降低患者的短期不良预后发生率。但是动脉瘤的闭塞率较低,1年期预后与手术夹闭无明显差异。据此推测手术夹闭患者的长期预后可能要好于介入栓塞,手术夹闭更适合于年轻患者。     

Simultaneous microsurgical and endovascular management of multiple cerebral aneurysms in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Most aneurysms can be effectively managed using endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping, but in an acute subarachnoid haemorrhage where there are multiple aneurysms identified, a sequential multimodal approach may prove more beneficial. This report involves a 31-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of severe headache and photophobia. A computed tomography brain scan revealed a diffuse grade II subarachnoid haemorrhagic pattern, and four-vessel angiography revealed two aneurysms: a right middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm measuring 12 x 8 mm and a 4-mm basilar artery aneurysm associated with a fenestration at the confluence of the vertebral arteries. It was not possible to determine which aneurysm or aneurysms were responsible for the haemorrhage using the customary criteria. The patient underwent sequential endovascular coiling of the vertebrobasilar aneurysm without delay, followed immediately by microsurgical clipping of the right middle cerebral artery aneurysm, under a single anaesthetic. The postoperative course was uneventful. This method is a treatment option for acute subarachnoid haemorrhage where there are multiple aneurysms. It is a logical progression of management that could be employed at any experienced neurovascular centre; the employment of a sequential multimodal approach from the integration of these techniques is beneficial to the patient because it decreases morbidity and mortality.     

栓塞与夹闭对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的影响

[目的]探讨血管内栓塞术和动脉瘤夹闭术分别对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后并发脑血管痉挛的影响.[方法]收集并分析2006年至2010年确诊为aSAH的患者.分别在发病72h内行栓塞或夹闭治疗100例临床资料.[结果]其中在栓塞组中发生临床CVS10例,而夹闭组中CVS19例.[结论]根据我们的研究,栓塞较夹闭可以减少CVS的发生率,缩短住院时间,但其对病死率未见明显影响.     

颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床治疗

目的：探讨和总结采用血管内自膨式支架辅助技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的意义。方法采用支架辅助技术对复杂动脉瘤进行栓塞治疗。结果术后随访3～36个月,24例宽颈动脉瘤患者术中达到较致密栓塞,2例未破裂巨大宽颈动脉瘤予以较疏松填塞。术后1例死亡,1例双侧大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤患者因术前出血量大,仍呈浅昏迷状态,其余病例均恢复良好。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术能够有效提高颅内复杂宽颈动脉瘤栓塞治疗的成功率,值得临床应用。     

International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A randomized trial

Endovascular detachable coil treatment is being increasingly used as an alternative to craniotomy and clipping for some ruptured intracranial aneurysms, although the relative benefits of these two approaches have yet to be established. We undertook a randomized, multicenter trial to compare the safety and efficacy of endovascular coiling with standard neurosurgical clipping for such aneurysms judged to be suitable for both treatments. We enrolled 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms and randomly assigned them to neurosurgical clipping (n = 1070) or endovascular treatment by detachable platinum coils (n = 1073). Clinical outcomes were assessed at both 2 months and at 1 year with interim ascertainment of rebleeds and death. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin scale (mRs) score between 3 and 6 (dependency or death) at 1 year. Trial recruitment was stopped by the steering committee after a planned interim analysis. Analysis was per protocol. One hundred and ninety of 801 (23.7%) patients allocated endovascular treatment were dependent or dead at 1 year compared with 243 of 793 (30.6%) of those allocated neurosurgical treatment (P = .0019). The relative and absolute risk reductions in dependency or death after allocation to an endovascular versus neurosurgical treatment were 22.6% (95% CI 8.9-34.2) and 6.9% (2.5-11.3), respectively. The risk of rebleeding from the ruptured aneurysm after 1 year was two per 1276 and zero per 1081 patient-years for patients allocated endovascular and neurosurgical treatment, respectively. In patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, for which endovascular coiling and neurosurgical clipping are therapeutic options, the outcome in terms of survival free of disability at 1 year is significantly better with endovascular coiling. The data available to date suggest that the long-term risks of further bleeding from the treated aneurysm are low with either therapy, although somewhat more frequent with endovascular coiling.