左心耳结构复杂性与非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的关系

目的:探讨左心耳结构复杂性与非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者左心耳血栓形成的关系。方法:连续入选拟行射频消融术治疗的NVAF患者295例,记录病史资料和化验指标,进行CHA2DS2-VASc评分。行经食道超声心动图和计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)检查了解左心耳有、无血栓形成,以此将患者分为血栓组(n=42)和无血栓组(n=253)。应用CT影像后处理系统对左心房CTA影像进行三维重建,获取每例患者的左心耳形态,将左心耳形态分为单纯型和复杂型两类。分析左心耳血栓形成与各项潜在危险因素的关系。结果:血栓组非阵发性心房颤动(76.2%vs 18.2%)、复杂型左心耳比例(66.7%vs 45.1%)显著高于无血栓组(P均<0.01)。此外,血栓组患者的年龄、心房颤动病程、左心房前后径、B型利钠肽、血尿酸、CHA2DS2-VASc评分均大于无血栓组(P均<0.05)。相对于无血栓组,血栓组患者的高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭、脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作/血栓栓塞以及血管疾病的患病率更高(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,复杂型左心耳(OR=4.129,95%CI:1.413~12.069)、心房颤动病程(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.006~1.036)、非阵发性心房颤动(OR=13.910,95%CI:4.563~42.406)与CHA2DS2-VASc评分(OR=2.580,95%CI:1.115~5.966)均是左心耳血栓形成的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论:复杂型左心耳为NVAF患者左心耳血栓形成的独立危险因素。     

CHA 2DS 2_VASc 评分与射频消融术前心房颤动患者左心房／左心耳血栓形成的关系

目的探讨CHA2DS2-VASc评分与射频消融术前心房颤动患者左心房（left atrium ,LA）/左心耳（left atrial ap-pendage ,LAA ）发生血栓事件的关系。方法根据术前食管超声心动图检查结果,将接受射频消融术的心房颤动患者分为LA/LAA血栓形成组（n＝21）与血栓未形成组（n＝21）,对照分析CHA2 DS2-VASc及CHADS2评分对血栓事件的预测价值。结果血栓形成组21例（3.8％）患者血栓均位于LAA ,低危组（0分）、中危组（1分）、高危组（≥2分）间,LA/LAA血栓事件发生率无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）,但≥3分患者血栓形成明显多于＜2分（ P＜0.01）。血栓形成组CHA2 DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、左心房内径（LAD ）显著高于血栓未形成组外,其余临床因素间比较均无统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析显示：LAD、CHA2 DS2-VASc评分是LA/LAA血栓形成的独立危险因素（OR＝0.81、0.89,P＜0.05）。结论无论CHA2 DS2-VASc评分的高低,所有房颤患者射频消融术前均需接受食管超声心动图探查,LAD越大、CHA2 DS2-VASc评分越高,LA/LAA血栓事件发生可能性越高。     

充血性心力衰竭对非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳血栓形成的预测价值研究

目的：探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动（NVAF）患者左心耳（LAA）血栓形成与CHA2DS2-VASc评分各项危险因子的关系。方法: 连续入选贵州省人民医院2017年8月至2018年3月拟行射频消融术治疗的NVAF患者97例，计算CHA2DS2-VASc评分。行经食道超声心动图（TEE）和/或左心房计算机断层扫描增强成像判断患者LAA有无血栓形成，据此分为血栓组及非血栓组。比较、分析两组患者CHA2DS2-VASc评分及其各项指标的差别及与LAA血栓形成的关系。结果: 97例患者中，血栓组14例（14.4%），非血栓组83例（85.6%）。两组患者的CHA2DS2-VASc评分分布不相同（z=3.035，P=0.002）；血栓组的充血性心力衰竭（CHD）发生率明显高于非血栓组（50.0% vs 7.2%；P＜0.01）；血栓组患者的平均年龄较非血栓组大7.6岁（65.6岁vs 58.0岁，P＜0.05）。该评分的其它各项指标（性别、高血压、糖尿病、中风/TIA/TE、血管疾病）在两组患者中的分布皆无明显差异（皆P＞0.05）。线性趋势?2检验提示CHA2DS2-VASc评分总分与LAA血栓形成有显著相关性，随此评分增高，LAA血栓发生率趋高（?2=14.096，P＜0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示，除CHA2DS2-VASc评分总分外（P=0.004，OR 2.101，95%CI 1.259-3.505），CHD（P=0.045，OR 0.219，95%CI 0.050-0.969）为LAA血栓形成的独立危险因素。结论：CHD为NVAF患者LAA血栓形成的独立预测因子。     

老年非瓣膜病心房颤动患者左心房血栓的影响因素

目的探讨老年非瓣膜病心房颤动(房颤)患者左心房血栓的影响因素。方法选择本院2011年4月~2015年10月收治的116例老年非瓣膜病房颤、食管超声发现左心房/左心耳血栓的患者作为血栓组,以同期收治的116例未发现左心房/左心耳血栓的老年非瓣膜病房颤患者作为对照组,分析2组患者基本指标差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析左心房/左心耳血栓形成的高危因素。结果血栓组较对照组高血压、脑卒中比例增高(65.52%vs 51.72%,13.79%vs 5.17%,P<0.05),2组慢性心力衰竭比例、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末内径、LVEF、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平、持续性/永久性房颤比例、CHA2DS2-VASc评分有统计学差异(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,持续性/永久性房颤(OR=5.721,95%CI:2.069~15.820,P=0.001)、NT-proBNP(OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000~1.002,P=0.002)、CHA2DS2-VASc评分(OR=2.021,95%CI:1.316~3.103,P=0.001),LAD(OR=1.104,95%CI:1.002~1.216,P=0.046)是老年非瓣膜病房颤患者左心房血栓形成的独立影响因素。结论持续性/永久性房颤、LAD扩大、NT-proBNP水平高、CHA2DS2-VASc评分高为老年非瓣膜病房颤患者左心房血栓形成的高危因素。     

左心房内径联合心脏节律预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的价值

目的:评估临床及心脏超声指标预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的价值。方法:非瓣膜性心房颤动患者688例,以经食管超声心动图检查结果分为左心耳血栓组(38例)和无血栓组(650例)。对两组患者临床特征及经胸超声心动图检查结果进行统计分析,筛选血栓形成的影响因素并评价其预测效力。结果:与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者检查时窦性心律比例和LVEF更低,合并心力衰竭比例、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、三尖瓣反流、IVST、LVPWT、LAD、RADz和RADl均更高。Logistic回归分析显示LAD和心脏节律是血栓形成的独立影响因素。ROC曲线以LAD 43.55 mm为截值预测血栓形成的敏感度为92.1%,特异性为59.7%,曲线下面积0.805(P0.001,95%CI 0.751～0.859)。LAD联合心脏节律预测的曲线下面积达0.810(P0.001,95%CI 0.749～0.870)。结论:LAD是非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成强有力的影响因素,LAD联合心脏节律可提高预测左心耳血栓形成的效力。     

CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分结合左心房内径在预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者脑卒中风险评估中的应用

目的探讨CHA2DS2-VASc评分结合左房内径(LAD)对非瓣膜性房颤(NVAF)患者卒中风险的预测价值。方法对北京市应急总医院干部医疗科、心内科和首都医科大学附属北京市朝阳医院综合科于2012年1月至2014年12月收治的首次诊断为非瓣膜病心房颤动的患者共1216例进行同群队列研究,分为两组,一组为脑卒中组(366例),另一组为非脑卒中组(850例),收集相关资料,以缺血性脑卒中为终点事件,平均随访时间为(30±6)月,分析两组患者的CHA2DS2-VASc评分、左心房内径及二者联合在非瓣膜性房颤患者发生脑卒中风险评估中的ROC曲线下面积。结果脑卒中组患者的CHA2DS2-VASc评分(5.23±1.58分)显著高于非脑卒中组(2.96±1.52)分(P0.01)。脑卒中组患者的左心房内径(42.39±5.79)mm与非脑卒中组(42.12±6.85)mm相比,无显著差异(P0.05)。非瓣膜性房颤患者发生脑卒中风险评估中CHA2DS2-VASc评分、左心房内径、CHA2DS2-VASc评分+左心房内径的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.854、0.524、0.856,95%CI分别为0.83～0.88、0.49～0.56、0.83～0.88。CHA2DS2-VASc评分+LAD二者联合ROC曲线下面积较CHA2DS2-VASc评分相比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分对我国NVAF患者卒中风险的预测价值良好;LAD对NVAF患者卒中风险预测有诊断价值,但较CHA2DS2-VASc评分相比,诊断价值不高;CHA2DS2-VASc评分联合LAD对预测NVAF患者卒中风险价值较单独应用CHA2DS2-VASc评分无明显优势。     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心房血栓形成与外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值的关系

目的]探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者左心房血栓形成与外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的关系。 [方法]选取2016年3月—2020年8月于本院接受诊疗的NVAF患者207例,根据外周血NLR水平分为低NLR组和高NLR组,比较两组患者的临床资料,分析NLR与临床指标及左心房血栓发生的相关性,分析左心房血栓发生的影响因素及各因素的预测价值。 [结果]与低NLR组相比,高NLR组CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、NLR、D-二聚体(D-D)、血清尿酸(SUA)、脑钠肽(BNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、左心房内径(LAD)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值(Em)的比值(E/Em)均显著升高,左心房射血分数(LAEF)显著降低(P＜0.05)。NLR与CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、D-D、SUA、BNP、CRP、LAD、E/Em均呈显著正相关,与LAEF呈显著负相关(P＜0.000 1)。CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、NLR、D-D、SUA、BNP、CRP、LAD、E/Em与左心房血栓的发生均呈显著正相关(P＝0.000),LAEF与左心房血栓的发生呈显著负相关(P＝0.000)。CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、NLR、D-D以及LAD是左心房血栓发生的危险因素(P＜0.05)。NLR取最佳截断值1.85,预测NVAF左心房血栓发生的ROC曲线下面积为0.806(95%CI:0.746～0.865),灵敏度为74.82%(95%CI:0.668～0.818),特异度为67.65%(95%CI:0.552～0.785)。 [结论]NLR水平升高使NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的风险明显增加。作为NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的独立危险因素,NLR对左心房血栓具有一定的预测价值。     

CHA2DS2-VASc评分在预测急性支架内血栓形成中的价值

目的评估CHA2DS2-VASc评分在接受经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的非心房颤动(房颤)患者中,对急性支架内血栓形成的预测价值。方法 2015年1月至2015年12月,武汉亚洲心脏病医院共有27例患者诊断为急性支架内血栓形成,纳入急性支架内血栓(+)组。4 741例接受PCI治疗的患者纳入急性支架内血栓(-)组。所有患者术前计算CHA2DS2-VASc评分。分析两组患者基线临床特征,不同分值的急性支架内血栓发病率。多元回归分析急性支架内血栓形成的独立危险因素。结果急性支架内血栓(+)组的CHA2DS2-VASc评分高于急性支架内血栓(-)组,差异有统计学意义[(3.74±1.68)分vs.评分为(2.08±1.17)分,P0.001]。随着CHA2DS2-VASc评分增加,急性支架内血栓发病率也增加。CHA2DS2-VASc评分2分、急性冠状动脉综合征、糖尿病、原发性高血压、脑卒中病史是急性支架内血栓形成的独立危险因素。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分2分是急性支架内血栓形成的独立危险因素。PCI治疗前的患者均可计算这一评分,对评分高的患者PCI治疗后应密切监测。     

Nod样受体蛋白3与非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心房血栓形成的相关性

目的探讨Nod样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体与非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者左心房血栓形成的相关性及预测价值。方法选取我院收治的怀疑存在左心房血栓的NVAF患者260例,根据食管心脏超声检查结果分为血栓组55例和非血栓组205例。检测外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中NLRP3、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶1(caspase-1)mRNA和蛋白表达及相关细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)1β、IL-18水平,分析NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的独立危险因素,绘制ROC曲线分析NLRP3炎性小体对NVAF患者左心房血栓形成的预测价值。结果与非血栓组比较,血栓组短暂性脑缺血发作/脑卒中、持续性心房颤动、CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、IL-1β及IL-18水平明显升高,心房颤动病程更长,PBMC中NLRP3、caspase-1mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。持续性心房颤动、心房颤动病程、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、NLRP3mRNA及caspase-1mRNA是血栓形成的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。相关性分析显示,血栓组NLRP3 mRNA水平与NLRP3蛋白表达、caspase-1mRNA和蛋白表达、IL-1β、IL-18、持续性心房颤动、心房颤动病程、CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分呈正相关(r=0.890,r=0.905,r=0.904,r=0.862,r=0.827,r=0.706,r=0.742,r=0.762,r=0.690,P0.01)。ROC曲线显示,NLRP3炎性小体曲线下面积为0.891(95%CI:0.837～0.944),阈值点为1.90,敏感性和特异性分别为79.03%和84.51%。结论 PBMC中NLRP3炎性小体在NVAF并发左心房血栓形成患者中表达明显升高,可作为左心房血栓形成的独立危险因素,对评估NVAF并发左心房血栓形成有一定价值。     

CHADS2评分与CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病房颤患者左房血栓风险评估中的对比分析

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病心房颤动(AF)患者左房血栓风险评估中的作用。方法 2011年6月至2015年6月选择该院收治的非瓣膜病AF患者423例,根据其左房是否发生血栓分为左房血栓组和未发生左房血栓组;采用CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对非瓣膜病AF患者发生血栓事件的风险进行危险分层,收集患者一般临床资料,采用Logistics回归对左房血栓发生的危险因素进行分析。结果 423例非瓣膜病AF患者进行食道心脏超声检查发现65例(15.36%)发生左房血栓;患者CHADS2评分显著低于CHA2DS2-VASc评分(P0.05);秩和检验显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对患者危险分层的严重程度显著高于CHADS2评分系统(P0.05);随着CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统危险的增加患者发生左房血栓的比例逐渐升高(P0.05);单因素分析显示年龄≥65岁、左房内径≥38 mm及射血分数≤40%是非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素(P0.05);多因素Logistics回归显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分是导致非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分能够预测非瓣膜病AF患者左房血栓的发生,其预估价值明显优于CHADS2评分。     

Indexed left atrial volume is superior to left atrial diameter in predicting nonvalvular atrial fibrillation recurrence after successful cardioversion: a prospective study

Background: Although indexed left atrial volume (iLAV) is the most accurate measure of left atrial size, it has not been evaluated prospectively as predictor of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) after successful cardioversion (CV). Methods: We prospectively selected 76 patients (mean age 66.1 ± 13.6 years, 65.8% men) with AFib who underwent successful CV. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were obtained before CV. LAV was measured using Simpson's method and indexed to body surface area. All patients were scheduled for follow‐up visit at 1, 6, 12 months, and then annually. A 24‐hour Holter ECG was performed within 6 months and each time the patients reported symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia. Results: The 52 patients (68.4%) with AFib recurrence had larger iLAV (35.5 ± 8.9 mL/m² vs 27.0 ± 6.7 mL/m², P < 0.001). Anteroposterior LA diameter was not associated with AFib relapse (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.96–1.21, P = 0.09). Each unit increase in iLAV was associated with a 1.15‐fold increased risk of recurrence (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25, P < 0.001). In a multivariable model, iLAV remained the only independent predictor of relapse (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28, P = 0.02). The area under ROC curves, generated to compare LA diameter, and iLAV as predictors of AFib recurrence were 0.56 (SE 0.07) versus 0.78 (SE 0.05), respectively (P = 0.003). Conclusion: This is the first prospective study to show that larger iLAV, as a more accurate measure of LA remodeling than anteroposterior diameter, is strongly and independently associated with a higher risk of AFib recurrence after CV. (Echocardiography 2012;29:276‐284)     

左房异常与心房颤动的关系

目的探讨左房异常与心房颤动发生的关系。方法应用心电图和动态心电图进行,持续性房颤患者为A组,阵发性房颤、房扑患者为B组,仅有心电图P波增宽的患者为C组,A、B、C三组各40例。所有入选患者均经超声心动图检测左房大小,观察患者窦性心律时心电图P波时限、切迹和P波离散度,并分析与房颤发生的关系。结果房颤男性多于女性,年龄大于60岁者94例(占78.3%),三组中86.7%的患者存在器质性心脏病(104例)。心电图P波切迹明显、P波离散度大者快速房颤发生率高;超声心动图检测左房直径大者房颤发生率高,持续性房颤比阵发性房颤患者左房直径大(p<0.05)。结论左房扩大、房内阻滞及P波离散度增大的患者易发生房颤。     

Dual independent atrial tachycardias after ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation

We report the case of a 71-year-old man with two atrial tachycardias evolving simultaneously and independently in two dissociated regions after extensive ablation for chronic atrial fibrillation. One tachycardia was a focal tachycardia originating from the right inferior pulmonary vein and activating the posterior left atrium with a 2:1 conduction block, while the other tachycardia was an atrial flutter circulating around the tricuspid annulus, activating the right atrium and the anterior wall of the left atrium. These two atrial tachycardias were successfully ablated prior to restoration of sinus rhythm.     

Electrocardiographic differentiation of atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation by physicians

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of physicians to differentiate atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation on a surface electrocardiogram (ECG). A questionnaire containing three 12-lead ECGs was mailed to 689 physicians, with multiple-choice questions asking whether the rhythm on each ECG was atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. ECG 1 showed atrial fibrillation with prominent atrial activity (>0.2 mV) in lead V1; ECG 2 displayed atrial fibrillation with prominent atrial activity (>0.2 mV) in leads III and V1; and ECG 3 displayed atrial flutter. Overall, ECG1 was correctly identified as atrial fibrillation by 79% of physicians, ECG 2 was correctly identified as atrial fibrillation by 31%, and ECG 3 was correctly identified as atrial flutter by 90%. Cardiology fellows and cardiologists correctly identified ECG 1 more often than house officers and internists (95% vs 63%; P < or = .01). ECG 2 was correctly identified by 26% of cardiology fellows and cardiologists and by 37% of house officers and internists (P = .10). ECG 3 was correctly identified by 91% of cardiology fellows and cardiologists and by 82% of house officers and internists (P = .06). In conclusion, atrial fibrillation is frequently misdiagnosed as atrial flutter. Misdiagnosis of atrial fibrillation occurs more often when atrial activity is prominent on an ECG in more than one lead.     

Simultaneous occurrence of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

INTRODUCTION: Early reports suggested that some patients with "atrial fibrillation/flutter" might have atrial fibrillation in one atrium and atrial flutter in the other. However, more recent conceptions of atrial fibrillation/flutter postulate that the pattern is due to a relatively organized (type I) form of atrial fibrillation. We report the occurrence and ECG manifestations of simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter in patients undergoing attempted catheter ablation of atrial flutter. METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial flutter, an attempt was made to entrain atrial flutter by pacing in the right atrium. The arrhythmias observed occurred following attempts at entrainment, or spontaneously in one case. Twelve transient episodes of simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter were observed in five patients. The atrial fibrillation was localized to all or a portion of one atrium, during which the other atrium maintained atrial flutter. In each case, the surface 12-lead ECG reflected the right atrial activation pattern. No patients had interatrial or intra-atrial conduction block during sinus rhythm, suggesting functional intra-atrial block as a mechanism for simultaneous atrial fibrillation/flutter. CONCLUSION: In certain patients, the occurrence of transient, simultaneous atrial fibrillation and flutter is possible. In contrast to prior studies in which it was suggested that left atrial or septal activation determines P wave morphology, the results of the present study show that P wave morphology is determined by right atrial activation. Functional interatrial block appears to be a likely mechanism for this phenomenon.     

Importance of right and left atrial dilation and linear ablation for perpetuation of sustained atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: Atrial dilation associated with increasing atrial pressure plays an apparent role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We characterized a new model of separate and biatrial dilation in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart. The aim of this study was to examine if sustained AF in this model (1) would be inducible by separate right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) dilation; (2) would be reproducibly inducible at the same pressure level; and (3) could be suppressed by RA, LA, or biatrial ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intra-atrial pressure was increased stepwise in the RA (n = 13), LA (n = 12), or both atria (n = 25) until sustained AF could be induced or a pressure of 20 cm H2O was reached. The stimulation protocol was repeated once in RA and LA dilation (n = 9) and three times in biatrial dilation (n = 7). Then, RA orifices (superior and inferior caval veins, tricuspid valve annulus, and foramen ovale) or LA orifices (pulmonary veins, mitral valve annulus, and foramen ovale) were connected by radiofrequency (RF) lesions. Sustained AF was rendered inducible in 100% of hearts with biatrial dilation, but in only 92% of hearts with RA dilation and 67% with LA dilation. Inducibility of sustained AF was reproducible. Under biatrial dilation, not RA ablation (0/10 hearts; P = NS) but LA ablation (4/11 hearts; P < 0.05) and biatrial ablation (16/21; P < 0.01) reduced the inducibility of sustained AF. CONCLUSION: The inducibility of sustained AF due to increased intra-atrial pressure differs between the RA and LA. LA and biatrial lesions, not RA RF lesions, reduce the ability to perpetuate sustained AF.     

Atrial electromechanical interval can identify patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and is associated with CHADS2 score and peak velocity of left atrial appendage

Electromechanical Interval and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation . Introduction: It is difficult to discriminate patients with and without paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The atrial electromechanical interval determined by the transthoracic echocardiogram is demonstrated to be a predictor of new onset AF. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the electromechanical interval is a useful parameter to identify patients with PAF. Methods and Results: A total of 297 patients (PAF group = 103; control group = 194) with mean age of 59.4 ± 12.4 years were enrolled. The electromechanical interval (PA‐PDI) defined as the time interval from the initiation of the P‐wave deflection to the peak of the mitral inflow A wave on the pulse‐wave Doppler imaging was measured for every patient. Patients with PAF had significantly longer PA‐PDI intervals compared with that of patients without it (152.7 ± 13.8 ms vs 133.4 ± 16.8 ms). The area under ROC curve based on the PA‐PDI interval to diagnose PAF was 0.803 (95% confidence interval = 0.755–0.851, P < 0.001). At the cut‐off value of 142 ms, the sensitivity and specificity in identifying PAF were 77.7% and 80.1%, respectively. In the PAF group, the PA‐PDI interval was closely associated with the CHADS₂ score and inversely related with the peak velocity of left atrial appendage. Conclusions: The PA‐PDI interval may be a useful parameter to identify patients with PAF. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of PA‐PDI intervals in diagnosing PAF in addition to the current methods and tools. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 1325‐1330, December 2011)     

Effect of left atrial circumferential ablation for atrial fibrillation on left atrial transport function

BACKGROUND: The effects of left atrial (LA) circumferential ablation on LA function in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been well described. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of LA circumferential ablation on LA function. METHODS: Gated, multiphase, dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest with three-dimensional reconstructions of the heart were used to calculate the LA ejection fraction (EF) in 36 patients with paroxysmal (n = 27) or chronic (n = 9) AF (mean age 55 +/- 11 years) and in 10 control subjects with no history of AF. Because CT scans had to be acquired during sinus rhythm, a CT scan was available both before and after (mean 5 +/- 1 months) LA circumferential ablation (LACA) in only 10 patients. A single CT scan was acquired in 8 patients before and in 18 patients after LACA ablation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed using an 8-mm-tip catheter to encircle the pulmonary veins, with additional lines along the mitral isthmus and the roof. RESULTS: In patients with paroxysmal AF, LA EF was lower after than before LACA (21% +/- 8% vs 32 +/- 13%, P = .003). LA EF after LA catheter ablation was similar among patients with paroxysmal AF and those with chronic AF (21% +/- 8% vs 23 +/- 13%, P = .7). However, LA EF after LA catheter ablation was lower in all patients with AF than in control subjects (21% +/- 10% vs 47% +/- 5%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: During medium-term follow-up, restoration of sinus rhythm by LACA results in partial return of LA function in patients with chronic AF. However, in patients with paroxysmal AF, LA catheter ablation results in decreased LA function. Whether the impairment in LA function is severe enough to predispose to LA thrombi despite elimination of AF remains to be determined.     

静脉地尔硫治疗快速房颤、房扑的疗效分析

为检验静脉地尔硫艹卓控制房颤、房扑心室率的有效性和安全性，对４７例快速房颤、房扑患者一次静脉注射０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ地尔硫艹卓后以５ｍｇ／ｈ～１０ｍｇ／ｈ微泵维持，平均起效时间５．２±２．７ｍｉｎ，总有效率９３．６％，心功能较用药前明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５），对血压无明显影响，副作用发生率为１０．６％，均不严重。结果提示地尔硫艹卓是一种能迅速、安全、有效控制房颤、房扑患者心室率的药物