心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤发生的危险因素分析

目的:分析心脏瓣膜手术后急性肾损伤（AKI）发生的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析696例择期行心脏瓣膜手术患者的临床资料,根据是否发生AKI分为AKI组（111 例）和非AKI组（585例）。对术后患者AKI发生的可能相关危险因素先进行单因素分析,再进行Logistic二元回归分析。结果:与非AKI组比较,AKI组年龄更大（t=6.020,P=0.003）、合并糖尿病的更多（χ2 =11.941,P=0.001）、术前心功能更差（t=5.911,P=0.014）、同期行搭桥手术的更多（χ2 =19.399,P=0.000）、体外循环时间更长（t=4.518,P=0.000）、主动脉阻断时间更长（t=3.115,P=0.000）、呼吸机应用时间更长（t=10.141,P=0.000）、肺炎发生率更高（χ2=76.872,P=0.000）、术后输血率更高（χ2=38.954,P=0.000）、ICU住院时间更长（t=4.577,P=0.000）、术后30 d内死亡率更高（χ2=42.520,P=0.000）。Logistic回归分析显示:术前左心室射血分数（LVEF）<40%（OR=4.338,95%CI:2.149～8.753）、呼吸机应用>72 h（OR=8.846,95%CI:4.621～16.933）、术中输血（OR=3.774,95%CI:2.024～7.040）、术后肺炎（OR=3.302,95%CI:1.152～9.467）是心脏瓣膜手术后患者发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论:术前LVEF<40%、术中输血、术后肺炎、呼吸机应用时间延长是心脏瓣膜术后AKI发生的独立危险因素,显著增加术后30 d死亡率。     

1650例男性患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期临床回顾性研究

目的 冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）是治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（以下简称冠心病）主要手段之一,主要手术方式包括体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（on-pump CABG,ONCABG）和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump CABG,OPCABG）.本文拟通过回顾性分析1 650例男性患者施行OPCABG和不停跳ONCABG临床资料进行两种手术方式的临床效果分析.方法 采用首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院麻醉科2007年至2009年CABG数据库的有关数据.比较OPCABG组和不停跳ONCABG组近期疗效,并分别以术后死亡和术后应用连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement treatment,CRRT）为因变量进行Logistic危险因素回归分析.结果 OPCABG组搭桥时间和总手术时间均小于ONCABG组（P〈0.01）.OPCABG组搭桥数大于3的病例明显多于ONCABG组（20.9% vs 13.3%） （P〈0.01）,应用CRRT（1.33% vs 3.98%）和主动脉内球囊反搏（3.23% vs 6.63%）患者的比例较ONCABG组显著减少（P≤0.01）,两组术后院内病死率差异无统计学意义.CABG术后发生院内死亡的独立危险因素为术前左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）〈40%（P=0.000,OR=8.321）、年龄〉70岁（P=0.003,OR=4.870）和术后应用CRRT（P=0.000,OR=45.500）.术后应用CRRT的独立危险因素为术前高血压病史（P=0.049,OR=2.665）、术前肾功能异常（P=0.045,OR=3.598）,OPCABG可以减少2/3的术后CRRT的使用率（P=0.008,OR=0.333）.结论 OPCABG可以降低术后CRRT和IABP的使用率,缩短手术时间.因此在年龄〉70岁,术前肾脏功能下降,心功能差等患者施行OPCABG手术对早期恢复是有益的.     

胃肠手术后患者发生肺部并发症的危险因素分析

目的：探讨胃肠手术后患者发生肺部并发症（PPC）的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析852例胃肠手术后患者的临床资料,分为PPC组和非PPC组,比较两组患者66个观察项目的差异性,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果：206例胃肠手术患者术后肺部并发症的发生率为24.2%（206/852）,单因素Logistic回归分析筛选出31个危险因素,多因素分析显示年龄（OR=1.051）、伴存呼吸疾病（OR=2.942）、术前血清白蛋白水平（OR=0.977）、术前抗生素使用时间（OR=1.068）、术中气管插管时间（OR=1.003）、保留鼻胃管时间（OR=1.055）、术后机械通气时间（OR=1.939）为发生PPC的危险因素。结论：高龄、术前伴存呼吸疾病、血清白蛋白水平低于正常、术前长时间使用抗生素、术中气管插管时间、保留鼻胃管时间、术后机械通气时间长的胃肠手术患者易发生肺部并发症。     

心脏外科术后高胆红素血症及危险因素分析

目的：探讨影响心脏外科术后高胆红素血症发生及其术前与术中危险因素。方法选择2012年1月至2012年5月期间在我科行择期心脏手术的成人患者168例,总结其人口学资料及相关的临床资料。以高胆红素血症组为研究组,非高胆红素血症组为对照组进行比较研究。结果本组168例中,术后发生高胆红素血症73例,发生率为43.4%。单因素分析提示,术前谷丙转氨酶水平、转肽酶、血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素,术前左房前后径、左室射血分数、二尖瓣与主动脉瓣狭窄的发生率、合并同期瓣膜手术、术中失血、术中输血输浆、手术及总麻醉时间是术后高胆红素血症的危险因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析提示,术前血清总胆红素水平（OR 1.440,95%CI 1.216~1.706,P=0.000）与手术时间（OR 5.745,95%CI 1.143~28.877,P=0.034）是术后高胆红素血症的独立危险因素。高胆红素血症组患者术后24 h引流量显著高于对照组,总呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间以及术后总住院时间亦显著增加（P<0.05）,但围手术期死亡率并未显著增加（P=0.974）。结论高胆红素血症在心脏外科术后发生率较高,术前血清总胆红素升高和手术时间的延长是术后高胆红素血症发生的独立危险因素,高胆红素血症的发生与术后机械通气时间、ICU时间以及术后总住院时间的延长显著相关。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路血管移植术围术期死亡危险因素分析

目的分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路血管移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG)围术期死亡的危险因素。方法采用麻醉科OPCABG围术期数据库,回顾性分析了首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院自2007年11月至2009年2月2 379例OPCABG患者围术期资料,将与术中及术后10 d内死亡有统计学意义的单因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果全组围术期死亡患者32例,病死率为1.3%。单因素分析表明术后应用透析(P<0.01,OR=23.791)、术前射血分数(ejectionfraction,EF)<40%(P<0.001,OR=6.903)、术中室颤(P<0.025,OR=5.292)、急诊手术(P=0.009,OR=4.539)、术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic ballon pump,IABP)(P=0.009,OR=4.488)、性别(P=0.018,OR=2.312)、术前心肌梗死史(P=0.025,OR=2.180)与年龄(P=0.027)为围术期死亡的危险因素,女性病死率高于男性(男性19/1 830,女性13/549)。Logistic回归分析显示术后应用透析(P<0.001,OR=26.141)、术前射血分数<40%(P<0.001,OR=8.436)、急诊手术(P=0.003,OR=5.039)与性别(P=0.026,OR=0.418)为围术期死亡的独立危险因素。结论术后应用透析治疗、性别、术前EF<40%和急诊手术是OPCABG患者围术期死亡的独立危险因素。加强围术期肾保护、积极维护心功能、提高急诊和女性OPCABG患者围术期处理水平,有利于控制OPCABG围术期病死率。     

245例心脏外科手术患者术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨福建医科大学附属协和医院心脏外科手术患者术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病率及危险因素。方法回顾性分析2020年1—4月在福建医科大学附属协和医院接受心脏手术的245例患者临床资料,应用Logistic单因素和多因素回归分析方法筛选影响患者术后发生AKI的危险因素。结果 245例患者中90例(36%)患者发生AKI,其中AKI 1期、AKI 2期及AKI 3期的发生率分别为20.4%、7.3%、9.0%;19例(7.8%)患者需行肾脏替代治疗。单因素回归分析结果显示,术前左室射血分数(LVEF)、体外循环时间、急诊手术、围术期应用造影剂、围术期输血、术前肌酐水平、术前白细胞及术后血红蛋白下降值,术后平均血小板体积变化值等与心脏术后AKI相关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,围术期输血(OR=2.609,95%CI:1.203～5.699,P=0.015)、体外循环时间长(OR=1.395,95%CI:1.125～1.730,P=0.002)、术前肌酐水平高(OR=1.016,95%CI:1.002～1.031,P=0.024)是患者发生术后AKI的独立危险因素,术前左室射血分数高(LVEF)(OR=0.955,95%CI:0.924～0.987,P=0.004)是AKI的保护性因素。结论 术后AKI是心脏手术患者常见的并发症之一,改善围术期心、肾功能,减少术中输血的需求是降低心脏手术术后AKI发生率的可行措施。     

腹部手术患儿围术期死亡的相关术前危险因素分析

目的 探讨腹部手术患儿围术期死亡的术前相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析58例围术期死亡的腹部手术患儿病例资料,并选择同期住院的小儿腹部手术未死亡患儿58例作为对照组,对数据进行单因素分析,并选取有意义的危险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析筛选出7个可能与腹部手术患儿术后死亡相关的危险因素,包括年龄、低BMI、ASA分级、早产、急诊、凝血功能异常、饱胃。logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄＜0.1岁（OR=303.501,95%CI20.553~4481.738,P=0.000）、低BMI（OR=17.870,95%CI1.514~210.976,P=0.022）、ASA≥Ⅲ级（OR=53.509,95%CI4.005~714.919,P=0.003）、凝血功能异常（OR=72.222,95%CI3.154~1653.967,P=0.007）为腹部手术患儿围术期死亡的术前独立危险因素。结论腹部手术患儿合并年龄＜0.1岁、BMI＜15kg/m2、ASA≥Ⅲ级、凝血功能异常时应警惕发生死亡的可能性。     

心脏手术相关急性肾损伤并接受CRRT患者的死亡危险因素研究

目的 分析心脏手术相关急性肾损伤(CS-AKI)并接受连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)患者的死亡危险因素。方法 选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2018年1月至2022年3月发生CS-AKI并接受CRRT的成年患者45例作为研究对象。根据患者出院时的治疗结果,将患者分为存活组和死亡组,进行回顾性分析。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析死亡相关的危险因素。结果 纳入研究的45例患者中,存活26例,死亡19例,死亡率为42.22%。死亡组术前乳酸值高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。单因素分析结果显示,行心脏手术后接受CRRT患者死亡的危险因素包括：肺部感染(P=0.015)、CRRT 72 h后乳酸值(P=0.004)、高血压(P=0.030)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,CRRT 72 h后乳酸值(P=0.026)是患者死亡的独立危险因子。结论 将CRRT 72 h后乳酸值作为独立危险因子进行早期识别,及时调整治疗方案,有助于改善CS-AKI患者的预后。     

“二孩政策”后剖宫产输血相关因素变化分析

目的 分析剖宫产术中输血相关因素,比较全面“二孩政策”开放前后剖宫产术中输血独立危险因素的变化.方法 收集遵义医学院附属医院2015年9-11月及2016年9-11月行剖宫产手术的产妇资料968份,对可能造成术中输血的因素进行记录、分析,将单因素分析有统计学意义的因素纳入二元Logistic回归分析.结果 2015年9-11月剖宫产术中输血率为6.03％,2016年同期为11.92％.单因素分析结果:2015年9-11月剖宫产术中输血相关因素为美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、术前存在中度及以上贫血、术前存在中度及以上血小板(PLT)计数减少(P＜0.05);2016年同期剖宫产术中输血相关因素新增手术时间大于60 min、术前存在合并症(P＜0.05).二元Logistic回归分析结果:2015年9-11月剖宫产术中输血独立危险因素为ASA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级(OR=4.415,95％CI:1.422～13.705),术前存在中度及以上贫血(OR=6.330,95％CI:2.182～18.367);2016年同期输血独立危险因素新增手术时间大于60 min(OR=2.607,95％CI:1.340～5.071),术前存在合并症(OR=1.994,95％CI:1.052～3.780).结论 在“二孩政策”开放后,剖宫产术中产妇输血率增加,手术时间大于60 min、术前存在合并症新增为剖宫产术中输血的独立危险因素.     

腹部手术患者术后压疮危险因素分析

目的 探讨腹部手术患者发生术后压疮的风险因素及护理对策分析.方法 选择2012年2～8月于广西医科大学第一附属医院住院的454例腹部手术患者,观察患者术后压疮发生情况,收集患者术前、术后及术中可能与压疮发生的相关因素,采用单因素Logistic回归分析患者压疮发生的相关因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析手术患者压疮发生的危险因素.结果 单因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、体重指数异常、术前体温异常、合并严重内科疾病、大量输血、冲洗体腔、手术时间及术后低蛋白与腹部手术患者的压疮发生具有相关性(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(P=0.000,OR=3.174)、术前体温异常(P=0.001,OR=2.915)、大量输血(P=0.016,OR=1.429)、手术时间(P=0.000,OR=4.157)及术后低蛋白(P=0.000,OR=4.802)是腹部手术患者压疮发生的独立危险因素.结论 腹部手术患者发生术后压疮的危险因素较多,术前要注意对患者进行风险评估,积极给予护理干预,降低患者压疮发生风险.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.