Comparison of epilenticular IOL implantation vs technique of anterior and primary posterior capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy in paediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the functional outcome of epilenticular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation vs the technique of anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ACCC), posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with vitrectomy and in-the-bag IOL implantation in paediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: Forty eyes of 33 children with developmental or traumatic cataract, whose mean age was 2-12 years, were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A patients underwent epilenticular IOL implantation while in group B patients, ACCC, PCCC with anterior vitrectomy with in-the-bag IOL implantation was performed. Equal number of eyes (10 each) with developmental cataracts (subgroups A1 and B1) and traumatic cataracts (subgroups A2 and B2) were allotted to both the groups. Postoperative visual acuity, opacification of the visual axis, and possible complications were observed and analysed. RESULTS: Four eyes in subgroup B2 had fibrous or ruptured capsules, and were managed by epilenticular IOL implantation technique. One eye in subgroup B2 developed central posterior capsular opacification and hence required a secondary capsulotomy. All cases in group A maintained a clear visual axis at the last follow-up. Minimal postoperative inflammation was noticed in all groups, which subsided with anti-inflammatory medication. At the last follow-up, all eyes in group A gained visual acuity >/=6/18. Whereas in group B, visual acuity >/=6/18 was obtained in 85.7% cases with the epilenticular IOL implantation technique and in 83.3% cases with ACCC and PCCC with anterior vitrectomy technique. CONCLUSION: Epilenticular IOL implantation offers a safe and effective alternative for management of paediatric cataract. In selected cases of traumatic cataract, it is the preferred treatment modality.     

后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体外伤性脱位

目的 研究后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体（PC—PIOL）植入术后外伤致其脱位的临床特点及治疗原则。方法 我院PC-PIOL植人手术矫正高度近视42例（80眼）中2例（2眼）因眼外伤导致PC-PIOL脱位。1眼系植入可植入式隐形眼镜（ICL）术后8个月不全脱位于前房;另1眼系植入后房型有晶状体眼屈光晶状体（PC—PRL）术后3个月全脱位于前房。两例分别于外伤后1d、3d接受PC-PIOL的复位手术。比较术前术后角膜内皮细胞计数的不同。2例术后观察均在6个月以上。结果 PC-PIOL脱位于前房患者主觉眼部轻度不适,视力下降。检查可见房水闪光明显,瞳孔变形,人工晶状体被瞳孔夹持。手术复位后视力恢复,遗留瞳孔变形。另1例ICL不全脱位后裸眼视力为0．2,复位术后为0．3。PC-PRL全脱位后裸眼视力为0．3,术后恢复至1．0,术后最佳矫正视力均未下降。2例均未发生白内障等并发症。2例脱位后角膜内皮细胞计数分别为1941／mm^2和1889／mm^2,手术复位后1周角膜内皮计数分别为1883／mm^2和1746／mm^2,手术复位后6个月角膜内皮计数分别为1911／mm^2和1845／mm^2。结论 眼外伤可导致PC-PIOL全脱位或不全脱位于前房,引起前部葡萄膜反应,瞳孔变形,还可导致角膜内皮细胞计数下降。立即手术复位安全有效,但应长期随访角膜内皮细胞计数变化。     

兔眼外伤性白内障摘除植入人工晶体表面细胞学扫描电镜观察

目的观察兔眼外伤性白内障摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术后人工晶体表面细胞学病变特征及规律，探讨术后眼内炎症反应的发生机理。方法９只青紫兰兔分为３组。外伤性白内障摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术后１、７、１４天摘除人工晶体，作扫描电镜检查。结果发现术后人工晶体表面有明显的纤维蛋白膜和炎性细胞和色素沉着。描述了巨噬细胞演变为上皮样细胞、纤维母细胞样细胞和成纤维细胞的过程。结论推测纤维母细胞样细胞、上皮样细胞与巨噬细胞在人工晶体表面具有较强的吞噬能力。可能ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体有免疫原性，因而发生了免疫反应。     

Lens dislocation after strabismus surgery.

A case of lens dislocation complicating strabismus surgery is described. This complication following scleral perforation is extremely rare. The lens dislocation occurred in the direction of the connective tissue overlying the perforation site to which multiple cryoapplications had been made. Irrigation and aspiration of the clear lens followed by discission of the lens capsule was necessary because of progressive lens dislocation resulting in profound amblyopia. Accurate aphakic optical correction of the involved eye combined with vigorous occlusion of the fellow eye resulted in excellent visual acuity for both eyes. Cosmetic strabismus surgery was then performed. Continued intermittent occlusion of the fellow eye, combined with continued constant aphakic optical correction of the affected eye will be required. The affected eye will be carefully followed for the long-term complication of retinal detachment associated with connective tissue traction.     

Long-term endothelial cell loss after traumatic dislocation and repositioning of Artisan phakic IOL

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term endothelial cell loss after traumatic dislocation and repositioning of an Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL). METHODS: Traumatic PIOL dislocation occurred in the patient's left eye 4 months after uneventful implantation for unilateral congenital myopia. Using the Konan semi-automated analysis method, endothelial cell density was measured preoperatively, before Artisan repositioning, and 1, 2, and 4 years after primary implantation. RESULTS: Endothelial cell density was 2770 cells/mm2 preoperatively and 2634 cells/mm2 before Artisan repositioning. After successful repositioning, endothelial cell density progressively decreased--1, 2, and 4 years from primary implantation, endothelial cell density was 2582, 2524, and 2538 cells/mm2, respectively, corresponding to losses of 6.8%, 8.9%, and 8.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive and long-term endothelial loss after traumatic dislocation and repositioning of the Artisan PIOL may be comparable to that reported after uneventful implantation.     

Posterior corneal surface changes after refractive surgery

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of changes in posterior corneal surface after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, comparative trial. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-five eyes (71 patients) that underwent PRK (n = 45) or LASIK (n = 50). CONTROLS: Twenty nonsurgery eyes were used to validate the method of analysis of the posterior corneal curvature (PCC). Seventy nonsurgery eyes were used for comparisons. METHODS: Float, apex-fixed best fit corneal curvature (ABC), and posterior elevation difference were evaluated in 20 elevation topography maps at 6 zone diameters (3-7 and 10 mm) and at two time points. Corneal elevation maps before and after PRK or LASIK were analyzed by the ABC and float methods and compared with a nonsurgery group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior corneal curvature change (mm) was classified as flattening, steepening, or no change. RESULTS: Flattening of more than 0.12 mm was found in 22.2% of eyes (n = 10) in the PRK group, a change of +/-0.12 mm was found in 53.3% of eyes (n = 24), and steepening of more than 0.12 mm was found in 24.4% of eyes (n = 11) using the float method and in 28.9% of eyes (n = 13), 35.6% of eyes (n = 16), and 35.6% eyes (n = 16), respectively, using the ABC method. In the LASIK group, the float method registered flattening in 20% of eyes (n = 10), no change in 52% of eyes (n = 26), and steepening in 28% of eyes (n = 14), whereas the ABC method registered flattening in 30% of eyes (n = 15), no change in 40% of eyes (n = 20), and steepening in 30% of eyes (n = 15). The nonsurgery group showed a similar change in PCC at two different time points similar to that of the PRK and the LASIK groups. CONCLUSIONS: The differences observed in the PCC after PRK or LASIK were not statistically significantly different from those observed over time in the nonsurgery control group.     

不留后囊的后房人工晶体植入术

本文报告１３例不留后囊的后房人工晶体植入手术，术后视力达０．５以上者１３眼；矫正视力０．８以上者１２眼。防止了后囊浑浊的发生，文章对手术方法进行了详细的介绍和讨论。