Effects of herba menthae, borneolum and moschus on nasal sensation of air flow and nasal resistance

ＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＨｅｒｂａｍｅｎｔｈａｅ，Ｂｏｒｎｅｏｌｕｍａｎｄｍｏｓｃｈｕｓａｒｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅ．Ｈｅｒｂａｍｅｎｔｈａｅ，ｂｏｒｎｅｏｌｕｍｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｓｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍｅｄｉ...     

Primary nasal ectopic pituitary adenoma:a case repor

Ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｎａｓａｌｅｃｔｏｐｉｃｐｉｔｕｉｔａｒｙａｄｅｎｏｍａ：ａｃａｓｅｒｅｐｏｒｔＬｉＪｉｎｇｙｕｎ李静云，ＷａｎｇＬｉ王莉ａｎｄＧｕｏＪｉｎｇ郭京ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＯｔｏｒｈｉｎｏｌａｒｙｎｇｏｌｏｇｙ（ＬｉＪＹ），Ｐａｔｈｏｌ...     

Repair of nasal wing defect with auricular composite graft

Eleven cases of nasal wing defect have been repaired with good results by reversing andsuturing the skin and subcutaneous tissue around the nasal wing defect to serve as a lining,andcovering the raw surface with a free composite graft harvested from the dorsal side of the auricle.This method is preferable to repair larger defects of alae nasi.     

Neurilemmomas of the nasal vestibule: report of two cases

Neurilemmomas is usually a benign neoplasm which is composed of Schwann cells, alsonamed schwannomas and originates from the peripheral nerve sheath. It most frequently （25%- 45%） occurs in the head and neck, but rarely （4%） in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, especially rare in nasal vestibule. In English literature, only Alessandrinis reported one case with the tumor originating from the nasal vestibule. Here we report two cases.     

An experimental study on nasal absorption of gentamycin in dogs.

Drug absorptive function of the nasal mucosa has been a new and interesting subject of research in bridging rhinology and pharmacology. The authors applied a solution of gentamycin at a concentration of 40 mg/ml to 15 dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg for each through three routes of administration, ie, the intravenous, intramuscular and iutranasal. The serum levels of gentamyciu from 0 to 180 minutes after receiving the drug were determined with thin-layer scanning chromatographic method. It was found that if the bioavailability of the intravenous route was considered as 100%, the bioavailability of the intranasal route was 80.5%,and that of the intramuscular route was 42％. After giving drops of the drug into nasal cavity in above-mentioned dosage,the serum drug level reached a peak in 10 to 30 min ranging in 3.7 to 6.6 μg/ml. The half-life period of the drug given through this route was about three hours, indicating that the na sal mucosa is apt to be penetrated by gentamycin and allows the drug to be abso     

Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by nasal administration of acetylcholine receptor

Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is a well established animal model, which can be induced in various animal species and strains with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and represents an experimental counterpart of human myasthenia gravis (MG). Current im-munotherapies to both EAMG and MG are non specific and limited by their toxicity. Recently, toler-ance to EAMG has been achieved by oral administration of milligram quantities of Torpedo AChR. In the present report we demonstrate that nasal administration of microgram doses of Torpedo AChR to female Lewis rats prior to immunization with Torpedo AChR and complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in the prevention of subsequently induced EAMG, the suppression of serum anti - AChR antibody levels, the decrease of delayed -type hyersensitjvity responses to AChR, as well as the suppression of AChR -specific IgG secreting cells, AChR -reactive IFN -r secreting cells and T cell proliferation in peripheral lymphoid organs, particularly in popliteal and ing     

Changes in tachykinin--ergic nerve terminal densities in rat nasal mucosa during hypersensitivity.

Ｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｔａｃｈｙｋｉｎｉｎ－ｅｒｇｉｃｎｅｒｖｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｄｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｒａｔｎａｓａｌｍｕｃｏｓａｄｕｒｉｎｇｈｙｐｅｒｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙＺｈａｏＣｈａｎｇｑｉｎｇ赵长青，ＴａｏＺｈｅｎｇｄｅ陶正德，ＸｉａｏＪｉａｎｙ...     

Comparison of results of laser and routine surgery therapy in treatment of nasal polyps.

102 patients with nasal polyps receiving ND: YAG laser surgery or routine surgery were followed up for 18-36 months. The postoperative recurrence rates were 40.6% (24/54) and 66.6% (32/48) respectively for the patients of the two groups. Laser surgery is marked by less bleeding, no postoperative packing of the nose and lower postoperative recurrence rate, and it seems to be better than routine removal in the treatment of nasal polyps.

     

An immunocytochemical study on the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptidergic nerve fibers in rat nasal mucosa.

The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptidergic(CGRP) nerve endings in rat rat nasal mucosa was investigated with immunocytochemical technique (ABC method).The results showed that CGRP endings had a robust localization     

Effects of IL-17 on expression of GRO-α and IL-8 in fibroblasts from nasal polyps

Recent studies indicated that interleukin（IL）-17, growth-related oncogene（GRO）-α and IL-8 play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. However, the effects of the increased amount of IL-17 and the production of GRO-α and IL-8 in human nasal polyp fibroblasts are not completely understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of the increased IL-17 on the changes of GRO-α and IL-8 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblasts and further investigate the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. Nasal polyp fibroblasts were isolated from six cases of human nasal polyps, and the cells were stimulated with five different concentrations of IL-17. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of GRO-α and IL-8. The mRNA of GRO-α and IL-8 was expressed in unstimulated controls and remarkably increased by stimulation with IL-17. Moreover, the levels of GRO-α and IL-8 produced by fibroblasts were increased gradually with the increases in IL-17 concentrations. The present study showed that nasal fibroblasts can produce GRO-α and IL-8, and their production is remarkably enhanced by IL-17 stimulation, thereby clarifying the mechanism of the IL-17 mediated neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. These findings might provide a rationale for using IL-17 inhibitors as a treatment for nasal inflammatory diseases such as nasal polyps.     

Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and peptidergic terminals in the nasal mucosa of rats.

Ｈｉｓｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｉｍｍｕｎｏｈｉｓｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｃｅｔｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅｓｔｅｒａｓｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｆｉｂｅｒｓａｎｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅｒｇｉｃｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅｎａｓａ...     

Establishment of nasal tolerance to heat shock protein-60 alleviates atherosclerosis by inducing TGF-��-dependent regulatory T cells

Mounting evidence supports that a newly identified regulatory T cell (Treg),CD4+LAP+ Treg,is associated with oral tolerance induction and following inhibition of atherosclerosis,but little is described about whether nasal tolerance to antigen likewise induces the novel Tregs production and the relevant antiatherosclerotic benefit.We investigated the effect of nasal administration of heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) on atherogenesis.HSP60 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was nasally adminis-tered to six-week-old male ApoE-/-mice.At the 10th week after the nasal administration,there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque areas of aortic roots in the HSP60-treated mice as com-pared with those in the PBS-treated mice.Atherosclerosis suppression was accompanied with a signifi-cant increase in CD4+LAP+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and a concurrently increased production of TGF-β in the HSP60-treated mice.The protective effect of HSP60 was offset by injection of anti-TGF-βantibody.It is concluded that nasal administration of HSP60 can inhibit atherosclerotic formation through immune tolerance which is established by Tregs depending on the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β.Immune tolerance induced by nasal administration of HSP60 may provide an alternative therapeutic method for atherosclerosis.     

An immunocytochemical study on relations between mast cell and peptidergic terminals in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinitis patients.

Mast cell-nerve relation is a new topic explored deeply in different organs, but little documentation could be found in the literature on the relation in human nasal mncosa. We carried out this study using immunocytochemlstry and found that substance P (SP) terminals were present in human nasal mucosa from six cases of chronic rhinitis. SP terminals were often found to be adjacent to or have a direct contact with mast cells (MCs). Electron-microscopic studies revealed that MCs could contact nonmyelinated nerve terminals. These results have important implications in the understanding of the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation seen in nasal mucosa and will probably cast new insight into the future treatment of such disease.     

The upregulation of transforming growth factor-β plays animportant role in the induction of nasal tolerance to experimentalautoimmune myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptor

Nasal administration of nicotinic acetycholine receptor (AChR) to Lewis rats prior to myflsthenogenic immunization with Torpedo AChR plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) resulted in prevention or marked decrease of the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), suppression of AChR -specific B cell responses and of AChR- reactive T cell function. To examine the involvement of immunoregtilatory cytokines and the underlying mechanism involved in the induction of nasal tolerance, in situ hybridization with radiolabelled cDNA oligonucleotide probes was adopted to enumerate mononuclear cells (MNC) expressing mRNA for interferon -r (IFN -r), interleukin- 4 and transforming growth factor -β (TGF -β). After coculture with AChR, MNC from certain lymphoid organs examined, mainly from popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes contained higher numbers of IFN - r, IL-4 and TGF - β mRNA expressing cells compared to PBS -administered CFA- injected rats. Nasal tolerance was accompanied by decreased numbe