葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果

目的探讨葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果。方法选取我院2016年3月至2017年11月收治的80例小儿秋季腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组与对照组,各组40例,对照组采用布拉氏酵母菌治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗,对比两组疗效。结果两组显效率、总有效率以及症状改善时间比较,观察组显著高于对照组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规治疗的基础上,葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果显著,值得进一步推广。     

葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉酵母菌治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果

目的研究葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉酵母菌治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果。方法本次研究对象为2014年2月至2015年3月间在我院接受治疗的秋季腹泻患儿100例,采用随机奇数偶数法将其分成对照组(n=50例)与观察组(n=50例),对照组患儿采用布拉酵母菌治疗,观察组患儿采用葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉酵母菌治疗,比较2种治疗方法后的疗效。结果观察组治疗有效率为98%显著高于对照组治疗后有效率80%,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论秋季腹泻患儿在基础治疗的基础上,采用葡萄糖酸锌联合布拉酵母菌治疗,能快速改善患儿的临床症状,提高治疗效果,疗效显著。     

布拉氏酵母菌散及喜炎平治疗小儿腹泻的临床研究

目的:探讨布拉氏酵母菌散及喜炎平治疗小儿腹泻的临床效果.方法:选取某院120例轮状病毒性肠炎腹泻患儿,纳入时间2019年7月～2020年8月,对照组接受蒙脱石散联合喜炎平治疗,研究组接受蒙脱石散、布拉氏酵母菌散联合喜炎平治疗,对比两组患儿的疗效差异.结果:研究组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:小儿腹泻采用布拉...     

布拉氏酵母菌联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的临床效果分析

目的分析布拉氏酵母菌联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的临床效果。方法60例小儿轮状病毒肠炎患儿,按治疗方式不同分为对照组和研究组,每组30例。对照组患儿接受蒙脱石散联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗,研究组患儿在对照组基础上接受葡萄糖酸锌治疗。比较两组患儿疗效、症状改善时间及治疗前后炎性因子水平。结果研究组患儿总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的66.67%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患儿止泻时间、退热时间、失水纠正时间分别为(1.21±0.21)、(3.12±0.24)、(2.02±0.65)d,均短于对照组的(3.21±0.25)、(4.68±0.21)、(3.98±0.24)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组患儿TNF-α、IL-6水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎时,联合应用布拉氏酵母菌与葡萄糖酸锌对患儿症状的改善有促进作用,且能够缓解炎性反应,疗效更好。     

布拉酵母菌与喜炎平联合治疗小儿病毒性腹泻的临床观察

目的观察布拉酵母菌与喜炎平联合治疗小儿病毒性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取2015年4月至2016年4月我院收治的96例患儿为研究对象,随机抽取48例为对照组给予常规治疗,另48例为研究组给予布拉酵母菌与喜炎平联合治疗,比较两组患儿的治疗效果。结果研究组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组的腹泻持续时间、高热持续时间、平均住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿病毒性腹泻采用布拉酵母菌与喜炎平联合治疗,疗效确切,值得推广。     

小儿急性腹泻患儿采用布拉氏酵母菌对缩短止泻时间及安全性分析

目的:分析研究小儿急性腹泻患儿采用布拉氏酵母菌对缩短止泻时间及安全性.方法:纳入2017年4月-2019年4月接收的102例急性腹泻患儿,随机平均分为两组,对照组51例采纳对症治疗,观察组51例采纳布拉氏酵母菌治疗,对比治疗效果及临床症状恢复时间.结果:观察组治疗效果、不良反应率优于对照组,对比差异显著,P<0.05.结论:实施布拉氏酵母菌治疗方案,对急性腹泻患儿具有改善临床症状的效果,不良反应低.     

微生物制剂+葡萄糖酸锌对小儿轮状病毒性腹泻的疗效探讨

目的评价微生物制剂+葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取我院2016年5月～2018年5月收治的轮状病毒性腹泻小儿患者120例,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组患儿60例,对照组单纯给予微生物制剂双歧杆菌四联活菌片进行治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗,对两组患儿大便次数改善情况、治疗效果进行比较。结果对照组患儿的治疗总有效率显著低于研究组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组患儿治疗第3天、第5天大便次数相比于对照组患儿均显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论微生物制剂联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒性腹泻可有效控制和缓解患儿临床症状和病情发展,临床疗效确切,具有临床使用和全面推广的价值。     

布拉氏酵母菌散联合酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊治疗慢性腹泻的疗效观察

目的:探讨布拉氏酵母菌散联合酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊治疗慢性腹泻的疗效。方法:选取我院2016年1月~2017年6月收治的130例慢性腹泻患者,根据治疗方案分为两组,各65例。对照组采用布拉氏酵母菌散治疗,观察组采取布拉氏酵母菌散联合酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊治疗,比较两组的护理效果。结果:观察组治疗有效率为95.38%显著高于对照组的84.85%(P0.05)。治疗后观察组粪便性状、排便次数等指标显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对于慢性腹泻的患者,采取布拉氏酵母菌散联合酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊治疗,疗效显著。     

锌制剂联合布拉酵母菌散治疗小儿迁延性腹泻的疗效分析

目的：探究锌制剂联合布拉酵母菌散治疗小儿迁延性腹泻的临床效果。方法选取彭泽县人民医院儿科2013年5—12月收治的迁延性腹泻患儿80例,将患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组进行促消化、纠正水电解质等常规治疗,同时给予布拉酵母菌散,观察组在对照组的基础上联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果及细胞免疫指数。结果观察组患儿总有效率（95.0%）高于对照组（77.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗前CD4+、CD8+细胞分数及CD4+/CD8+细胞比值比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组患儿治疗后CD4+细胞分数、CD4+/CD8+细胞比值均高于对照组,CD8+细胞分数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论锌制剂联合布拉酵母菌散治疗小儿迁延性腹泻可以有效地改善患儿的营养情况,尽快达到止泻效果,提升患儿的自身免疫力。     

消旋卡多曲颗粒联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗婴幼儿中重型急性水样腹泻的效果分析

目的 探讨消旋卡多曲颗粒联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗婴幼儿中重型急性水样腹泻的临床效果.方法 选择2015年4月至2016年8月期间本院收治的90例中重型急性水样腹泻婴幼儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各45例.对照组采用消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗,观察组在对照组基础增加布拉氏酵母菌治疗,观察两组患儿腹泻治疗效果,并监测两组脱水纠正时间、24 h腹泻次数及不良反应情况.结果 观察组患儿腹泻治疗总有效率(97.78％)显著高于对照组(80.00％),组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组脱水纠正时间、24 h腹泻次数显著少于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组不良反应发生率(6.67％)与对照组(8.89％)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 婴幼儿中重型急性水样腹泻采用消旋卡多曲颗粒联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗临床疗效可靠,腹泻控制效果良好,且临床应用安全性高,值得推广使用.     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.