扩张型心肌病合并左束支传导阻滞患者室间隔心肌代谢与左心室收缩同步性的相关性分析

目的:采用门电路(简称"门控")控制18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(~(18)F-FDG)心肌代谢显像,探讨扩张型心肌病合并左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)患者室间隔心肌代谢与左心室收缩同步性的相关性。方法:2010-10至2013-05,诊断为扩张型心肌病合并LBBB的连续病例20例(其中男性11例,女性9例),平均年龄(54±11)岁。所有入选患者均进行门控~(18)F-FDG心肌代谢正电子发射计算机断层(PET)显像。应用True D软件测定室间隔~(18)F-FDG最大标准摄取值(S-SUVmax)、平均标准摄取值(S-SUVavg)。应用QGS软件进行左心室相位分析、心功能的测定,获得左心室相位带宽、相位标准差、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积和左心室射血分数等参数。分析室间隔~(18)F-FDG摄取值与相位分析参数和心功能参数之间的相关性。结果:S-SUVmax和S-SUVavg分别与左心室相位带宽呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.44,P=0.05和r=-0.48,P0.05);也分别与左心室相位标准差呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.57,P0.01和r=-0.51,P0.05);但与左心室功能参数左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积和左心室射血分数之间均无显著的相关性(P均0.05)。结论:对于扩张型心肌病合并LBBB的患者,室间隔心肌代谢降低与左心室收缩不同步之间具有明显的关联,应用门控~(18)F-FDG心肌代谢PET显像可同时评价心肌代谢及左心室收缩同步性,对于预后评价和疗效监测都具有重要的临床意义。     

门控心肌单光子计算机断层显像评价心肌缺血后心肌顿抑

目的:用门控心肌单光子计算机断层(SPECT)显像评价运动试验后缺血性心肌顿抑.方法:对108例临床疑诊冠心病的患者及30例冠心病低度可能的患者行运动试验后早期(5～15 min)、延迟(约1.5 h)及隔日静息门控99m锝－甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌SPECT显像,用QGS软件处理得到左心室EF、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积,并对心肌灌注进行17节段5分法评分.根据心肌灌注显像将108例患者分为心肌缺血组(70例)和心肌显像正常组(38例),比较心肌缺血组、心肌显像正常组及冠心病低度可能组运动试验后早期、延迟及静息左心室EF、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积的变化.结果:心肌缺血组患者运动试验后早期及延迟显像时左心室EF值低于静息EF值;心肌缺血组运动试验后收缩末期容积较静息时增加,运动试验后收缩末期容积与静息收缩末期容积的比值分别为1.28(早期)、1.25(延迟);三组患者舒张末期容积差别无统计意义.左心室EF值下降及收缩末期容积扩张有很好的相关性,多因素回归分析显示SDS是左心室EF值下降及收缩末期容积扩张的独立预测因子.心肌显像正常组及CAD低度可能组无此变化.结论:在运动试验门控心肌SPECT显像中,心肌缺血患者常会出现心肌顿抑,表现为左心室功能的延迟恢复,即运动试验后左心室EF降低、收缩末期容积扩张.并且,心肌顿抑的发生与心肌缺血的严重程度密切相关,心肌缺血的数量是运动试验后左心室功能改变的独立预测因子.     

心肌磁共振显像、核素心肌灌注显像、超声心动图与X线左心室造影测定左心室功能的对比研究

目的:评价心肌磁共振显像(MRI)、核素心肌灌注显像和超声心动图对比X线左心室造影(LVG)检测左心室功能的应用价值。方法:46例患者同期分别行左心室造影、心肌磁共振显像、核素心肌灌注显像(30例)及超声心动图(38例)检查,测定左心室功能。将左心室造影作为标准,与其它3种影像学方法比较,行相关性及一致性分析。结果:心肌磁共振显像与左心室造影所测左心室舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积和射血分数的相关系数分别为0.94、0.98、0.96(P均＜0.001),核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影的相关系数分别为0.82、0.90、0.93(P均＜0.001),超声心动图与左心室造影的相关系数分别为0.66、0.74、0.69(P均＜0.001)。心肌磁共振显像与左心室造影所测舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积和射血分数一致性范围分别为(-21.4±31.8)ml,(-7.7±25.0)ml,(-2.2±8.8)%。核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影的一致性范围分别为(-36.8±53.1)ml,(-15.2±32.2)ml,(-2.6±11.0)%。超声心动图与左心室造影的一致性范围分别为(-80.9±95.8)ml,(-47.5±96.0)ml,(3.6±21.1)%。结论:心肌磁共振显像检测心功能准确、可靠,与左心室造影相关性明显,一致性好。核素心肌灌注显像与左心室造影亦具有良好的相关性,但一致性偏差。超声心动图左心功能测值较左心室造影有明显偏倚,一致性差。     

冠心病左心室功能受损对脑葡萄糖代谢功能影响的相关性研究

目的:测定冠心病左心室功能严重受损患者脑葡萄糖代谢的水平,评价左心室射血分数与脑葡萄糖代谢水平的相关性。方法:入选冠心病患者58例,3d内分别完成~(99m)Tc-MIBI静息门控心肌灌注SPECT/CT(GSPECT)断层显像和~(18)F-FDG门控心肌葡萄糖代谢PET/CT显像(GPET)以及脑葡萄糖代谢PET/CT显像检查。GPET数据采用定量门控心脏断层软件QGS分析,获取左心室功能参数,舒张末期容积(EDV),收缩末期容积参数(ESV)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)。采用脑功能软件Scenium定量分析脑葡萄糖代谢。比较左心室功能严重受损(LVEF≤25%)与无左心室功能严重受损患者(LVEF25%)的脑葡萄糖代谢的差异,分析左心功能参数与脑葡萄糖代谢定量参数之间的相关性。结果:LVEF≤25%的患者(n=17)不同脑功能区的葡萄糖代谢(SUV_(mean))明显低于EF25%的患者(n=41)(P均0.05)。心肌梗死面积≥10%的患者(n=31)不同脑功能区的葡萄糖代谢也明显减低于心肌梗死面积10%的患者(n=27)。Pearson相关分析发现,患者心肌梗死范围(r=-0.344,P=0.008)、LVEF(r=0.311,P=0.017)和ESV(r=-0.269,P=0.041)与小脑葡萄糖代谢SUV_(mean)之间存在相关性,差异均有统计学意义。结论:左心室功能严重受损患者(EF≤25%)和有大范围心肌梗死(≥10%)患者,脑葡萄糖代谢水平明显减低。     

门控心肌灌注显像评价左心室功能的Meta分析

目的评价门控心肌灌注显像(G-SPECT)和超声心动图(ECHO)诊断左心室功能的有效性。方法计算机辅以人工检索Pub Med、EMbase、CBMdisc、VIP、CNKI数据库,检索时间2000年1月~2015年1月,纳入中外公开发表的关于G-SPECT与ECHO诊断左心室功能的相关研究。由两名评价者独立按纳入、剔除标准,筛选文献,提取数据,交叉核对,采用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19个研究,1051例患者。结果显示:与ECHO比较,G-SPECT在诊断左室射血分数(WMD=-0.92,95%CI:-2.95~1.114,P=0.38)和左室舒张末期容积(WMD=6.59,95%CI:-4.76~17.94,P=0.26)方面,两组差异无统计学意义;在评价左室收缩末期容积方面,两组差异有统计学意义(WMD=8.21,95%CI:0.23~16.19,P=0.04)。结论当前证据表明,在诊断左心室射血分数和舒张末期容积效能上G-SPECT与ECHO相仿,而在评价收缩末期容积方面G-SPECT优于ECHO。     

门控心肌灌注断层显像测得心功能参数对老年冠心病预后的评价

目的　评价 99m Tc- MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像中测得的心功能参数对老年冠心病 (CHD)预后的评定。方法　对老年人冠心病非心肌梗死组 (CHD- NMI) 33例 ,陈旧心肌梗死组 1 3例 (CHD- OMI)及 1 2例正常对照组进行 99m Tc- MIBI门控心肌灌注断层显像 ,利用计数法测得左室舒张末期容积 (EDV)、左室收缩末期容积 (ESV)和左室射血分数 (LVEF)。测得心功能参数对照组与 CHD- NMI组比较有差异 (P<0 .0 5) ,CHD-NMI与 CHD- OMI组比较有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　 EDV、ESV、LVEF是评价左室功能的重要指标 ,对 CHD的功能评价 ,疗效观察及预后的判定均有重要意义。     

成人先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者的心脏磁共振评估

目的 探讨心脏磁共振（cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR）评价先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者心室功能的临床价值.方法 对26例先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的患者行CMR检查,分别测量并计算右心室与左心室的短轴缩短率、舒张末期直径、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、每搏排血量、射血分数等心功能参数及主动脉、肺动脉直径,同时评价室间隔运动、心肌延时强化.采用配对样本t检验比较左、右心室功能参数,采用两个独立样本t检验比较室间隔运动正常组和异常组的右心功能情况,采用卡方检验比较室间隔运动异常与心肌延时强化的关联.结果 右心室舒张末期直径、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积均显著高于左心室,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;右心室短轴缩短率、射血分数均显著低于左心室,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.26例患者中,14例室间隔运动异常,14例出现心肌延时强化.室间隔运动异常组心肌延时强化出现比例明显高于室间隔运动正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.同时,室间隔运动异常组的右心室舒张末期直径、舒张末期容积均显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;右心室短轴缩短率显著低于正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;射血分数低于正常组,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.08）.结论 合并肺动脉高压的成人先天性心脏病患者右心功能较左心功能差,室间隔运动异常患者的右心功能更差,室间隔运动异常患者出现心肌延时强化比例高.CMR能够提供先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者的左、右心室功能及相关结构信息,对治疗和预后有重要价值.     

介入治疗对冠心病患者血浆脑钠素水平及心室重塑的影响

目的观察介入治疗对冠心病合并心功能不全患者再次发生心绞痛后血浆脑钠素水平及心室重塑的影响。方法50例冠心病合并心功能不全患者,随机分为对照组25例和介入组25例,应用酶链免疫吸附法测定治疗前、治疗后6个月时的血浆脑钠素水平,及心脏超声诊断仪测量同期心脏的结构和功能。结果①对照组、介入组与正常组相比血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平在治疗前及6个月后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组、介入组血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平在治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),介入治疗6个月后相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②治疗前两组间患者左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积及射血分数相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后两组间患者左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积及射血分数相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③两组患者血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平与同期左心室收缩末期容积呈正相关(r=0.51,P≤0.05),与左室射血分数呈负相关(r=-0.43,P≤0.01)。结论冠心病合并心功能不全患者再次发生心绞痛后进行介入治疗,可使血浆脑钠素水平下降,并改善心室重塑。     

急性ST段抬高性前壁心肌梗死患者的右心室功能分析

目的:评价急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)患者的右心室收缩和舒张功能变化。方法:分析46例急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者[前降支近端完全闭塞者24例(前降支近端闭塞组),前降支远端急性闭塞者22例(前降支远端闭塞组)]直接PCI和35例冠状动脉造影"正常"患者(对照组)的临床、冠状动脉造影和心电图资料。采用二维心脏超声分别测定入选患者的右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV),右心室收缩末期容积(RVESV),右心室射血分数(RVEF),平均肺动脉压(MPAP),左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV),左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV),左心室射血分数(LVEF)和心脏指数(CI)。结果:与对照组相比,前降支远端闭塞组的平均肺动脉压无显著性差异(P>0.05),而右心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增大,右心室射血分数降低;左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增加,左心室射血分数、心脏指数减低(P均<0.01)。与前降支远端闭塞组比较,前降支近端闭塞组的左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增加(P<0.01),心脏指数和左心室射血分数减少(P<0.01),右心室舒张末期容积收缩末期容积和平均肺动脉压增加(P<0.05～0.01),右心室射血分数降低(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析表明前降支近端闭塞与右心室射血分数降低(R2=0.38,P<0.01)、右心室舒张末期容积增加(R2=0.410,P<0.01)有较好的相关性。2周后,前降支近端和远端闭塞组的右心室舒张末期容积、右心室收缩末期容积、平均肺动脉压和右心室射血分数无明显差异,而前降支近端闭塞患者的左心室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积增大,左心室射血分数和心脏指数较低(P均<0.01)。结论:提示前降支近端闭塞可能伴右心室前壁部分心肌梗死导致右心室收缩和舒张功能障碍。     

实时三维超声心动图评价永久起搏患者左心室收缩同步性和心功能

目的 探讨应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价永久起搏患者左心室收缩同步性和心功能.方法 15例病态窦房结综合征置入双腔起搏器患者,分别将起搏模式程控为心房抑制型按需起搏(AAI)、房室按需型起搏(DDD)、心室抑制型按需起搏(VVI),每种起搏模式稳定5 min后,在RT-3DE下取左心室全容积图像.应用Qlab4.2脱机分析软件,获得左心室整体与17节段容积-时间曲线和比较左心室16、12、6节段心电图QRS波起点至左心室最小容积点时间的标准差和最大时间差(即Tmsv16-s、Tmsv12-s、Tmsv6-s、Tmsv16-dif、Tmsv12-dif、Tmsv6-dif)、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、左心室射血分数、左心室舒张早期峰值充盈率、左心室17节段的舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积和节段射血分数.结果 心室同步性指标容积-时间曲线和Tmsv16-s、Tmsv12-s、Tmsv6-s、Tmsv16-dif、Tmsv12-dif、Tmsv6-dif在AAI模式明显优于DDD、VVI模式(P<0.05),心功能指标左心室射血分数、左心室舒张早期峰值充盈率在AAI模式下显著高于DDD和VVI模式(P<0.05);DDD和VVI模式的上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);DDD与VVI模式时左心室前间隔、下壁和后壁基底段、心尖段节段射血分数较AAI模式明显降低(P<0.05).结论 采用RT-3DE可客观准确地评价永久起搏患者左心室收缩同步性和心功能.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.