鞘内注射TDAG8的siRNA对大鼠骨癌痛的缓解作用

目的观察鞘内注射T细胞死亡相关基因8(T celldeath-associated gene 8,TDAG8)的小干扰RNA(small inter-fering RNA,siRNA)对骨癌痛大鼠机械性痛觉过敏以及脊髓TDAG8表达的影响。方法通过将Walker256肿瘤细胞接种在大鼠左侧胫骨骨髓腔内建立骨癌痛模型。观察接种肿瘤前后大鼠机械缩爪反射阈值(paw withdrawl threshould,PWT)和脊髓TDAG8表达水平的变化;并进一步观察痛觉过敏形成后鞘内注射TDAG8的siRNA对大鼠PWT和脊髓TDAG8表达的影响。结果大鼠接种肿瘤后6～18 d,PWT明显下降(P<0.01),脊髓TDAG8的表达明显升高(P<0.01);与对照组相比,鞘内注射siRNA的骨癌痛大鼠,其PWT明显增高(P<0.05),脊髓TDAG8表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。结论脊髓部位的TDAG8可能参与了大鼠骨癌痛的形成和发展,鞘内注射其siRNA可以通过干扰脊髓TDAG8的表达而具有疼痛缓解作用。     

胍丁胺鞘内注射对骨癌痛大鼠痛行为及脊髓CXCL13表达的影响

目的 探讨胍丁胺鞘内注射对骨癌痛大鼠痛行为及脊髓趋化因子CXC配体13（CXCL13）表达的影响。方法 成年雌性SD大鼠60只,体质量200~220 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组：假手术组（A组）、骨癌痛组（B组）、骨癌痛+胍丁胺组（C组）,各20只。B、C组采用大鼠胫骨上端骨髓腔内注入Walker 256癌细胞的方法建立骨癌痛模型,A组胫骨髓腔内注射等量生理盐水,B、C两组鞘内置管。造模成功后,C组鞘内注射胍丁胺160 mg/kg,连续6天;B组鞘内给予等量生理盐水,连续6天;A组不作处理。于造模后第12天用von Frey丝测定3组大鼠机械缩足反射阈值（MWT）;痛阈测定结束后,麻醉处死大鼠,取脊髓组织,采用免疫荧光法检测CXCL13在神经元中的表达;采用Western blot法分析CXCL13蛋白表达及逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测CXCLl3 mRNA的表达。结果 建模后12天,与A组比较,B、C组大鼠MWT明显低于A组,与B组比较,C组MWT高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。建模后12天,与A组比较,B、C组大鼠CXCL13在脊髓背角神经元中表达增加,CXCL13蛋白及其mRNA表达明显增加（P<0.05）;与B组比较,C组大鼠CXCL13在脊髓背角神经元中表达降低,CXCL13蛋白及其mRNA表达明显减少（P<0.05）。结论 鞘内注射胍丁胺可有效改善大鼠骨癌痛痛觉过敏行为,其机制可能与抑制大鼠脊髓CXCL13表达有关。     

大鼠鞘内注射MCP-1中和抗体缓解骨癌痛

目的观察脊髓趋化因子单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1,或CCL2)在骨癌痛大鼠中的可能作用。方法大鼠胫骨骨髓腔接种Walker256肿瘤细胞建立骨癌痛模型。观测造模前、后大鼠机械性痛觉超敏Von Frey阈值并观察造模后d 10～12,鞘内给予MCP-1中和抗体对大鼠Von Frey阈值和脊髓小胶质细胞激活标志物(ox-42)表达的影响。结果大鼠种瘤后6～12 d,机械性痛觉超敏Von Frey阈值进行性下降(P<0.01);与对照组相比,鞘内给予MCP-1中和抗体后,脊髓ox-42的表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),Von Frey阈值的明显升高(P<0.01)。结论大鼠鞘内注射MCP-1中和抗体缓解骨癌痛,其机制可能与抑制小胶质细胞的激活相关。     

鞘内注射纳洛酮对小剂量丙泊酚抗内脏伤害作用的影响

目的研究丙泊酚内脏痛镇痛机制是否与脊髓阿片受体有关。方法56只成年雄性SD大鼠蛛网膜下腔埋入导管后随机均分为8组，分别鞘内预注生理盐水（NS）或纳洛酮2μg／只、4μg／只或8μg／只，再腹腔注射NS或丙泊酚10mg／kg，随后采用结直肠扩张的内脏痛实验动物模型，以腹壁明显收缩变平的最小扩张压力值作为内脏痛反应（VMR）阈值，观察大鼠60min内内脏痛阈的变化。结果单纯腹腔注射小剂量丙泊酚后，5～25min内大鼠内脏痛阈显著升高（P〈0．01），10min达高峰（％MPE=37．2％）；单纯鞘内预注不同剂量纳洛酮大鼠内脏痛阈无明显变化（P〉0．05）；先鞘内预注不同剂量纳洛酮再腹腔注射丙泊酚后，丙泊酚所致抗内脏伤害作用被不同程度的减弱。结论（1）小剂量丙泊酚对内脏伤害刺激具有抑制作用；（2）纳洛酮剂量依赖、时间依赖地拮抗丙泊酚的抗内脏伤害作用，其作用机制与脊髓阿片受体有关。     

多塞平对骨癌疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的:研究多塞平对骨癌疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用。方法:取大鼠90只,其中10只为正常组,另80只胫骨注射含人乳腺癌Walker256细胞株的大鼠细胞液建立骨癌疼痛模型,待模型成功稳定后分为模型组、吗啡组(1000μg·kg-1)、多塞平(3、10、30、100、300、1000μg·kg-1)组,鞘内给予相应药物,考察给药后0.5、1、2、4h时各组大鼠的双侧脚痛阈值,并计算多塞平的最大镇痛效应。结果:多塞平与吗啡在给药后0.5h即产生镇痛作用,给药后1h镇痛作用达到高峰;多塞平各剂量组大鼠造模对侧脚痛阈值无明显变化,造模同侧脚痛阈值升高与剂量呈正相关;多塞平1000μg·kg-1的最大镇痛效应为67.7%,半数有效量为46.6μg·kg-1,与吗啡1000μg·kg-1的镇痛效应比较无明显差异。结论:多塞平对骨癌疼痛模型大鼠具有镇痛作用。     

鞘内注射可乐定对甲醛致痛大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响

<正>本研究通过对甲醛致痛大鼠蛛网膜下腔给予可乐定,观察大鼠伤害性行为学反应、脊髓背角Fos蛋白表达的改变,旨在探讨可乐定在甲醛致痛模型中的作用及可能的作用机制。1材料与方法     

鞘内注射盐酸奈福泮对切口痛大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响

<正>奈福泮作为一种新型的非麻醉性镇痛药,现在已经被广泛用于临床,其不具有非甾体抗炎药的特性,亦非阿片受体激动剂,其镇痛作用不被阿片受体拮抗药纳洛酮拮抗,也不与吗啡产生耐药性,本身无阿片类药物的依赖性,也无呼吸抑制作用和中枢抑制作用,本实验就是为了探讨在大鼠切口痛模型中鞘内注射奈福泮对脊髓背角c-fos表达的影响。Fos     

NRG1-ErbB2信号通路对骨癌痛大鼠脊髓胶质细胞及IL-1β的影响

目的探讨NRG1-Erb B2信号通路对骨癌痛大鼠脊髓胶质细胞和IL-1β的影响。方法雌性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组12只。Sham组(假手术组);CIBP组:大鼠胫骨内注射Walker256乳腺癌细胞构建骨癌痛模型;CIBP+PD168393组:构建CIBP模型后6 d,鞘内注入PD168393 10μg,每日1次,连续9 d,其余组鞘内注入生理盐水。接种瘤细胞后14 d,检测大鼠脊髓背角GFAP、OX42和IL-1β的变化。结果接种瘤细胞后14 d,CIBP组大鼠GFAP、OX42积分光密度值明显高于Sham组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肿瘤细胞的植入能诱导大鼠同侧脊髓背角GFAP和OX42的表达显著增加,并使星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的胞体肥大。而给予Erb B2受体抑制剂PD168393可明显抑制脊髓背角神经化学物质的改变,GFAP和OX42的表达均明显降低(P<0.01)。CIBP组IL-1β于接种瘤细胞后14 d表达增加,明显高于Sham组(P<0.01),给予PD168393能显著抑制IL-1β表达增加(P<0.01)。结论大鼠胫骨接种瘤细胞后,脊髓背角内星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞被广泛激活,IL-1β释放增加,阻断NRG1-Erb B2受体信号通路能有效抑制脊髓胶质细胞的表达和活化及炎症介质IL-1β的释放,从而产生镇痛作用。     

U0126对谷氨酸神经毒性损伤模型大鼠的脑保护作用

目的 探索U0126对脑组织谷氨酸神经毒性的保护作用及可能机制。方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠皮层注射 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）建立脑组织谷氨酸神经毒性模型。首先,采用不同浓度 NMDA（50、100、200mmol/L）及处理不同时间（3、6、12、24 h）筛选最佳的建模条件。根据选定的最佳条件,实验设对照组、MAPK/ERK1/2抑制剂U0126单独处理组（2 g/L）、NMDA组（200 mmol/L）、不同浓度（0.5、1、2 g/L）U0126联合NMDA处理组。各组处理24 h后处死动物,脑组织切片后行HE染色组织评价损伤;蛋白质印迹法检测损伤部位环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、Caspase-3（活化形式）及磷酸化ERK1/2（p-ERK1/2）表达水平,确定U0126在脑组织谷氨酸神经毒性损伤中的保护作用。结果 （1）NMDA以时间和浓度依赖的方式导致大鼠皮层兴奋毒性损伤,激活MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路,加重脑组织损伤,选取200 mmol/L NMDA处理24 h进行建模。（2）与对照组相比,NMDA组脑损伤部位COX-2、iNOS、Caspase-3（活化形式）、p-ERK1/2表达明显增加。U0126+NMDA处理组与NMDA组相比,COX-2、NOS、Caspase-3（活化形式）、p-ERK1/2表达水平随U0126浓度升高而降低,脑损伤的面积显著减小。结论 U0126对大鼠皮层谷氨酸神经毒性损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制ERK1/2激活及其下游的炎症、凋亡信号途径有关。     

The synthetic cannabinoids attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of paroxysmal and severely disabling facial pain and continues to be a real therapeutic challenge. At present there are few effective drugs. Here we have evaluated the effects of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain produced by a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION). Relative to sham operation controls, rats with the CCI-ION consistently displayed hyperresponsiveness to von Frey filament and heat stimulation of the vibrissal pad. Both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia are seen both ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of nerve injury, but is significantly more severe ipsilaterally. Administration of WIN 55,212-2 (0.3-5 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently increased the mechanical and heat withdrawal thresholds. WIN 55,212-2 (0.3-3 mg/kg i.p.) produced no significant motor deficits in animals using the rotarod test. The effect of WIN 55,212-2 was mimicked by cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist HU 210 and was antagonized by CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251, but not by CB2 receptor antagonist AM 630 or vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist capsazepine, suggesting the involvement of CB1 receptors. CCI-ION also induced a time-dependent upregulation of CB1 receptors primarily within the ipsilateral superficial laminae of the trigeminal caudal nucleus revealed by both Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results suggest that cannabinoids may be a useful therapeutic approach for the clinical management of trigeminal neuropathic pain disorders.     

预先鞘内给予新斯的明对切口疼痛大鼠的影响

目的探讨预先鞘内给予新斯的明对切口疼痛大鼠行为学的影响。方法①采用序贯法测定预先鞘内给予新斯的明对切口疼痛大鼠镇痛作用的ED50值;②预先鞘内给予新斯的明对切口疼痛大鼠痛行为学的影响;③运用免疫组化技术观察新斯的明对脊髓背角c-fos基因表达的影响。结果①预先鞘内给予新斯的明对切口疼痛大鼠镇痛作用的ED50值为8.36μg,95%可信区间为6.68～10.70μg;②手术组大鼠累积疼痛评分明显高于F组,预先IT新斯的明可明显降低术后疼痛引起的累积疼痛评分;③与S组相比,新斯的明ED50量明显抑制c-fos蛋白的表达,作用主要产生在Ⅰ～Ⅱ层、Ⅴ～Ⅵ层,以Ⅰ～Ⅱ层分布最多。结论①预先新斯的明5～15μg鞘内应用可产生剂量依赖性的抗伤害作用;②预先鞘内注射新斯的明的抗伤害作用与抑制c-fos蛋白的表达有关。     

鞘内注射氟代柠檬酸对炎性痛敏大鼠的镇痛作用

目的研究鞘内注射氟代柠檬酸(fluorocitrate,Fc)对致炎大鼠痛觉过敏的影响。方法采用大鼠右后爪踝关节外侧皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂(complete freunds adjuvant,CFA)50μl致炎模型。测定给予CFA或Fc前后大鼠机械性缩爪阈值(MWT)和热刺激缩爪潜伏期(TWL)。免疫组化分析脊髓背角星形胶质细胞标记物(GFAP)和小胶质细胞标记物(OX-42)的表达。结果大鼠皮下注射CFA24h后出现明显的炎性痛敏,鞘内注射Fc后4,6,8,10,12h,与CFA组大鼠比较,大鼠MWT明显提高(P<0.01),TWL明显延长(P<0.01)。鞘内注射Fc6h后,降低脊髓背角GFAP和OX-42表达。结论脊髓胶质细胞可能参与炎性痛敏的发生和维持,氟代柠檬酸可能通过抑制其生物活性而发挥镇痛作用。     

鞘内西地那非能减轻神经病理性疼痛大鼠的痛觉高敏

目的观察鞘内注射西地那非对腰5(L5)脊神经切断大鼠痛觉高敏及对脊髓小胶质细胞活化、炎症细胞因子表达的影响。方法♂SD大鼠120只,随机分为5组(n=24),Ⅰ组:假手术组;Ⅱ组:L5脊神经切断模型鞘内注射生理盐水20μl;Ⅲ～Ⅴ组:L5脊神经切断模型分别鞘内注射3μg/20μl、10μg/20μl、30μg/20μl西地那非组。Ⅰ组仅暴露L5脊神经,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组均切断L5脊神经,术后d 7开始鞘内给药,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组注射20μl生理盐水,Ⅲ～Ⅴ组分别给予上述剂量西地那非,各组每天1次,连续5 d。测定各组大鼠术前1d,术后7、8、10、12 d机械痛阈(mechanical withdrawa1 thresh-old,MWT),术后8、10、12 d取L5脊髓,测定各组大鼠肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(in-terleukin-1β,IL-1β)含量和小胶质细胞标记物白细胞分化抗原11b(cluster differentiation antigen 11b,CD11b)的mRNA表达水平。结果①术后7 d,与Ⅰ组相比,各组MWT明显下降(P<0.05),术后8、10、12 d与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ～Ⅴ剂量依赖地升高MWT(P<0.05)。②与Ⅰ组相比较,其余各组大鼠术后8、10、12 d TNF-α和IL-1β的水平及CD11b mRNA含量均明显上升(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组相比较,Ⅲ～Ⅴ于术后8、10、12 d明显剂量依赖地抑制了TNF-α和IL-1β及CD11b mR-NA的表达(P<0.05)。结论西地那非能剂量依赖性地缓解大鼠神经病理性痛觉过敏的发展,该效应可能与抑制脊髓小胶质细胞活性,减少TNF-α和IL-1β表达有关。     

Pentoxifylline decreases allodynia and hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-specific cytokite pain in several animal models and humans. However, long-term therapeutic effects of PTX on neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) are not completely clear. This study was conducted to examine the effect of long-term administration of PTX on neuropathic pain in rats. METHODS : Neuropathic pain was induced by sciatic nerve ligation using of CCI model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned into sham, CCI-saline treated, and CCI-PTX treated (30 or 60 mg/kg ip) groups. PTX or saline administered at 30 min before CCI and daily for 14 days post-CCI. At the days of 3, 7, 11 and 14 following CCI, by using standard methods effects of thermal hyperalgesia, thermal and mechanical allodynia in all groups were examined using the standard methods. RESULTS : The CCI-saline treated group showed a significant increase in mechanical and thermal allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia as compared with the sham group in the tested days. Administration of the higher dose of PTX (60 mg/kg/day), but not the lower dose (30 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced mechanical and thermal allodynia, as compared with the CCI-saline treated group on days of 3, 7, 11 and 14 (all P values<0.001). Also, both doses of PTX significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia as compared with the CCI-saline treated group on these days (all P values<0.001). CONCLUSION : Results of this study show that chronic administration of PTX reduces the neuropathic pain in a rat model of CCI. Thus, this drug may have a therapeutic application in the treatment and management of neuropathic pain in humans.     

The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain

The analgesic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 were investigated in a model of neuropathic pain. In male Wistar rats, bilateral hind limb withdrawal thresholds to cold, mechanical and noxious thermal stimuli were measured. Following this, unilateral L5 spinal nerve ligation was performed. Seven days later, sensory thresholds were reassessed and the development of allodynia to cold and mechanical stimuli and hyperalgesia to a noxious thermal stimulus confirmed. The effect of WIN55,212-2 (0.1 - 5.0 mg kg(-1), i.p.) on the signs of neuropathy was then determined; there was a dose related reversal of all three signs of painful neuropathy at doses which did not generally alter sensory thresholds in the contralateral unligated limb. This effect was prevented by co-administration of the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716a, but not by co-administration of the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528, suggesting this action of WIN55,212-2 is mediated via the CB(1) receptor. Administration of SR141716a alone had no affect on the observed allodynia and hyperalgesia, which does not support the concept of an endogenous analgesic tone. These data indicate that cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential in neuropathic pain, and that this effect is mediated through the CB(1) receptor.     

20例经鞘内镇痛系统注射吗啡治疗癌性疼痛疗效评估

目的观察经鞘内镇痛系统注射吗啡治疗重度癌痛的疗效及并发症。方法 20例视觉模拟评分(VAS)重度癌性疼痛患者,经鞘内镇痛系统注射吗啡。观察患者术前、术后第1,3,7和30天各时间点的VAS评分、术后第1,3,7与30天各时间点鞘内吗啡用量、不良反应发生率。结果 20例癌性疼痛患者鞘内注射吗啡后各时间点与术前比较VAS评分存在统计学差异(P<0.05),第7天及第30天鞘内吗啡用量与术后第1天和第3天比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),不良反应发生率降低。结论经鞘内镇痛系统注射吗啡可以有效地治疗重度癌痛,副作用少,值得推广。