20种清热解毒中药对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌的初步观察

目的:筛选对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)具有抑菌作用的中药。方法:采用液体试管二倍稀释法比较观察 20种常用清热解毒中药对MRSA和甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)的体外抑菌作用。结果:16种清热解毒中药对 MRSA、MSSA有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中以黄连抑菌效果最为明显,MIC仅为1．95 mg·ml-1,其它各中药对MRSA和MSSA 的抑菌作用强度基本相同。结论:大部分清热解毒中药对MRSA具有抑菌作用,MRSA对清热解毒中药无抗药性。     

肿痛安胶囊水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性

目的考察肿痛安胶囊水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂二倍稀释法,以万古霉素为阳性对照品、以金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213为质控菌,测定了2个批次的肿痛安提取物对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、甲氧西林敏感表皮葡萄球菌(MSSE)、耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)共123株临床分离致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果结果表明:肿痛安胶囊水提物对51株MRSA、25株MSSA、33株MRSE的MICrange为12.5 mg/ml~>50 mg/ml,MIC50分别为12.5 mg/ml、25 mg/ml、12.5 mg/ml;对受试的14株MSSE的MICrange为12.5~50 mg/ml,MIC50为25 mg/ml。结论肿痛安胶囊水提物对MRSA、MSSA、MRSE、MSSE均有较好的体外抗菌活性。     

左氧氟沙星与磷霉素联用对30株金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性

目的 评价左氧氟沙星(喹诺酮类抗菌药)与磷霉素(合成抗菌药)联用对30株金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌效应.方法 用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定不同浓度组合的抗菌药物对15株甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和15株甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的最低抑菌浓度,并计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)判定联合效应.结果 左氧氟沙星与磷霉素联用后,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50显著降低,15株MSSA:HCI≤0.5占36.4%;0.52为0.15株MRSA:HCI≤0.5占81.8%;0.52为0.结论 体外左氧氟沙星与磷霉素联用对30株金黄色葡萄球菌主要为协同和相加作用.     

2010-2012年院内金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况分析

目的 对本院3年来金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况进行分析,并且对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）与甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）的耐药性差异做对比,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法 对临床分离的442株金黄色葡萄球菌,采用PHOENIX100全自动微生物分析仪和WHONET软件,按照美国实验与临床标准协会（C LSI）的标准对金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况进行回顾性分析.结果 3年内共分离金黄色葡萄球菌442株,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）281株.分离出金黄色葡萄球菌的标本中以痰标本为主,占68.0％,其次为分泌物和血液.除万古霉素、利奈唑胺、奎奴普丁/达福普丁外,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）对其余抗菌药物的耐药率均高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.除万古霉素、利奈唑胺、奎奴普丁/达福普丁保持较低的耐药率外,其余常规抗生素的耐药率均保持在30％以上.结论 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）对大部分抗菌药物仍维持较高的耐药率,应定期监测临床标本中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率,合理使用抗菌药物,延缓金黄色葡萄球菌临床株耐药性的增长,控制医院感染的发生及暴发.     

MRSA菌血症,已不容忽视——所有类型的S aureus菌血症均需监控和治疗

随着耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的传播和扩散,医院获得性金黄色葡萄球菌感染以及感染患者的死亡率都已增加。对甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)的感染率似乎没有变化。金黄色葡萄球菌感染的总体死亡率为30%。MSSA感染的死亡率与MRSA感染一样高。     

夫西地酸对耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:了解夫西地酸对多重耐药的耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌临床分离株的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用血浆凝固酶、金黄色葡萄球菌单克隆抗体及Vitek-32型仪进行菌株鉴定,纸片琼脂扩散(K-B)法进行药物敏感性试验,头孢西丁纸片法检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌。结果:97株金黄色葡萄球菌中,检测到耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)56株,占57.7%;119株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中,检测到耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)77株,占64.7%。全部菌株均对万古霉素敏感,MRSA及MRCNS对夫西地酸的耐药率分别为1.8%和7.8%,耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌对其它抗菌药物的耐药率在25%～100%之间。结论:夫西地酸对耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌有较强的体外抗菌活性。     

金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

目的：了解金黄色葡萄球菌感染的分布与耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供病原学调查及实验室依据。方法：收集临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌,培养鉴定按《全国临床检验操作规程》进行,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）。结果：检出的金黄色葡萄球菌以痰标本为主,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的检出率为66.4%,甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）为33.6%;MRSA对常用抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌,未检出耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌。结论：加强临床金黄色葡萄球菌耐药情况监控,根据药物敏感试验合理用药十分重要。     

金黄色葡萄球菌167株耐药性分析

目的分析金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对临床标本分离的金黄色葡萄球菌167株,采用K—B纸片法进行药敏试验,耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检测采用头孢西丁纸片扩散法。结果MRSA141株占84．4％,甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）26株占15．6％。MRSA对万古霉素、呋喃西林的耐药率为0、18．4％,对其他抗菌药物呈多重耐药;除万古霉外,MRSA对其余11种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于MSSA,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论MRSA已成为医院感染的重要病原菌,万古霉素、呋喃西林对MRSA有较高活性。重视临床微生物学检查,依据药敏结果优化选择抗菌药物,是提高感染治愈率的关键。     

金黄色葡萄球菌110株临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)菌株的临床分布情况及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法 对临床分离的110株SA菌株采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测12种抗菌药物的敏感性,并对药敏结果进行统计分析.结果 110株SA中,甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)59株,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)51株,MRSA的分离率为46.4％,MRSA对常用抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于MSSA(P＜0.05),未发现耐万古霉素的SA.结论 SA对多种抗菌药物的敏感率均较低,尤其是MRSA耐药株更为严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物.     

金黄色葡萄球菌对21种抗菌药物的耐药性比较

采用β—内酰胺酶试验和苯吐西林药敏试验，对临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）分类。根据21种抗生素的体外抗菌试验得出：产β—内酰胶酶的分离珠中耐甲氧西林（MRSA）的耐药性远较甲氧西林敏感株（MSSA）强，不产β—内酰胺酶的MSSA对大多数抗生素敏感．未分离到不产β—内酰胺酶的MRSA。此外三类金葡菌在各种感染部位的不同分离率亦可作为临床用药的参考。     

蓝玉簪龙胆提取液抗呼吸道合胞病毒的初步实验研究

目的:观察蓝玉簪龙胆水煎液及正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿提取液在体内外的抗呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)作用.方法:通过观察细胞病变效应(CPE)和MTT比色,评价不同浓度的蓝玉簪龙胆提取液抑制RSV感染HEP-2细胞的病变作用;通过HE染色和免疫荧光染色,评价蓝玉簪龙胆水煎液对RSV感染小鼠肺组织炎性病变抑制效果.结果:体外实验...     

Staphylococcus aureus contamination on the surface of working tables in ward staff centers and its preventive methods

We investigated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination on the surface of working tables in ward staff centers and the effects of disinfection by wiping with 80% (v/v) ethyl alcohol on this contamination. When working tables were not regularly disinfected or washed, S. aureus [methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and/or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)] was detected in 29 (51.8%) of 56 tables in 6 wards investigated. MRSA was detected in 17 (30.4%) of 56 tables and in all investigated wards. The S. aureus contamination density on the entire surface of the S. aureus-contaminated tables was 2081+/-8915 (mean+/-S.D.) colony-forming units (cfu) (n=29, range, 10-4.8x10(4) cfu), and the MRSA contamination density on the entire surface of the MRSA-contaminated tables was 158+/-200 cfu (n=17, range, 10-7.4x10(2) cfu). The second investigation was performed immediately after working tables not regularly disinfected or washed were disinfected by wiping once with 80% (v/v) ethyl alcohol, and MRSA was detected in 5 (8.9%) of 56 tables. The contamination density on the entire surface of the MRSA-contaminated tables was 36+/-30 cfu (n=5, range, 10-80 cfu). The third investigation was performed immediately after working tables not regularly disinfected or washed were disinfected by wiping with 80% (v/v) ethyl alcohol twice with a 1-min interval, and no S. aureus contamination was observed in any of 56 tables. These results suggest that disinfection by wiping once with 80% (v/v) ethyl alcohol could not completely eliminate MRSA in particulates. For the disinfection of the MRSA-contaminated surface of working tables and the removal of particulates, regular disinfection by wiping with 80% (v/v) ethyl alcohol is necessary.     

聚合酶链式反应法筛选龙胆栽培品最佳采收期

目的应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法筛选龙胆栽培品,并依据龙胆苦苷含量确定其最佳采收期。方法应用PCR法建立龙胆栽培品的种质标准,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定筛选出的龙胆栽培品中龙胆苦苷含量,并对不同采收季节和生长年限的龙胆栽培品中龙胆苦苷含量进行测定。结果龙胆栽培品最佳采收季节为春秋两季,最佳生长年限为3年。结论PCR法建立的种质标准可用于筛选龙胆栽培品;其主要有效成分龙胆苦苷含量高,可作为确定龙胆栽培品最佳采收期的合理依据。     

Impact of infection control interventions and antibiotic use on hospital MRSA: a multivariate interrupted time-series analysis

Hospitals in the northeast of Scotland have experienced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreaks since 1997. Several infection control measures were introduced sequentially to control MRSA, and antibiotic use has been monitored. From January 1997 to December 2004, data on the monthly percentage of non-duplicate MRSA infections (%MRSA) were collated from an intervention hospital (IH) and a control hospital (CH). Both hospitals introduced the use of alcohol hand gel in November 2002. Furthermore, the IH introduced an environmental MRSA swabbing programme in March 2001, chlorine disinfection of the environment in September 2001, discharge screening in December 2001, admission screening in November 2003 and environmental audits in March 2004. Multivariate dynamic regression analysis was used to evaluate the longitudinal effects of these interventions as measured by new clinical cases of MRSA. At the IH, the %MRSA increased between January 1998 and January 2001 and then decreased. At the CH, the %MRSA increased from January 1997 to December 2004. Introduction of alcohol hand gel was associated with an absolute decrease in %MRSA of 21% and 30%, respectively, for the IH and CH. At the IH, introduction of chlorine disinfection and environmental swabbing were, respectively, associated with a decrease in %MRSA of 27% immediately and 32% 3 months later. Discharge screening and environmental audit did not significantly affect %MRSA, whereas admission screening was associated with a 22% decrease in %MRSA 4 months later. Increasing macrolide use was associated with increasing %MRSA in both hospitals, and increasing quinolone use was associated with increasing %MRSA in the CH. Implementation of stepwise infection control measures was associated with a decrease in %MRSA in the IH. Introduction of an alcohol gel for hand hygiene was associated with a decrease in %MRSA in both hospitals. Antibiotic use also affects %MRSA, in particular that of macrolides and quinolones.     

草决明与苯唑青霉素联用对临床MRSA菌株的杀菌作用研究

目的观察草决明醇提液对临床MRSA菌株生物膜形成的影响及其与苯唑青霉素联用对MRSA菌株的杀菌作用。方法构建生物膜形成阳性菌株,96孔板法测定草决明醇提液及苯唑青霉素对临床MRSA菌株生物膜形成的影响,棋盘法测定草决明与苯唑青霉素联用对临床MRSA菌株的杀菌作用。结果亚抑菌浓度的草决明醇提液可抑制临床MRSA菌株生物膜的形成,与苯唑青霉素联用对临床MRSA菌株杀菌作用有协同作用。结论草决明与苯唑青霉素联用时有协同杀菌作用,此作用可能与草决明醇提液抑制金葡菌生物膜形成有关。     

Comparative botanical and phytochemical investigations on the Gentiana species native to Hungary

The aim of this work was to compare the three Gentiana species native to Hungary (Gentiana asclepiadea L., Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and Gentiana cruciata L.--all protected) based on their botanical and phytochemical properties. Furthermore we planned the exploration of the biodiversity of these species and the examination of the correlations of the variable elements observed to establish the importance of these factors. Morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were made. A new analytical method was developed through the systematic optimization of sample preparation and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) separation. The results of the morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were analysed by multivariate exploratory techniques. Based on our results, the investigated species can be distinguished as they are strongly heterogenous regarding certain morphological, histological and phytochemical characteristics. We made the first study on the biodiversity of these Gentiana species in their whole habitat in Hungary. Based on the results of the investigations mentioned above, distinct interspecific variability was found, in addition some results showed significant intraspecific variability as well. Numerous correlations were revealed between the variable characteristics, for example significant relationship was found between the average gentiopicroside content of the underground parts of Gentiana cruciata on the biotopes and the slope of the biotope. The knowledge of this variability and these correlations can be a benefit during the introduction and the improvement of medicinal plants with high contents of agents.     

青海省野生和栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷的含量比较

目的　评价青海野生和栽培秦艽的质量,为人工种植秦艽提供科学依据。方法　采用RP -HPLC测定野生和栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷的含量。结果　栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷的含量高于野生秦艽。结论　栽培秦艽的质量优于野生秦艽。     

甘肃产黄管秦艽中龙胆苦苷的鉴别与含量测定

目的 对甘肃产黄管秦艽进行薄层鉴别,测定不同地区黄管秦艽的龙胆苦苷含量,以评价药材质量。方法 采用薄层色谱法对黄管秦艽中的龙胆苦苷进行鉴别,并用高效液相色谱法对其进行含量测定。结果 龙胆苦苷在23.5~70.5 μg内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),平均加样回收率为98.59%(RSD=1.12%,n=6)。结论 薄层色谱法斑点清晰,专属性强;HPLC简便、准确、重复性好。甘肃不同地区黄管秦艽龙胆苦苷的含量有差异,但均高于中国药典2005版规定。本试验可为人工栽培秦艽、保护秦艽野生资源提供科学依据。     

HPLC法测定不同产地的东北龙胆中龙胆苦苷含量

目的 对东北不同产地的龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量进行比较。方法 采用《中国药典》2000年版一部的方法测定了东北两个不同产地的龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量。结果 两个不同产地龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量存在差异,两地地龙胆中龙胆苦苷在八月中旬达到最高。结论 无论在理论上还是在实践应用上都具有一定的指导意义。     

贵州不同产地坚龙胆药材及饮片中龙胆苦苷含量测定

目的测定贵州产坚龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量,并评价不同产地坚龙胆药材及饮片的质量。方法利用正交试验研究了龙胆苦苷的最佳提取方法。结果测定了贵州不同产地坚龙胆药材及饮片中龙胆苦苷的含量。结论贵州不同地区间龙胆药材及饮片质量均符合《中国药典》2005年版要求,各地区之间无明显差异。