高尿酸血症对早期2型糖尿病肾病的影响

目的：探讨高尿酸血症对早期2型糖尿病肾病的影响。方法：将125例早期2型糖尿病肾病患者根据血尿酸（SUA）水平分成正常尿酸（NUA）组60例和高血尿酸（HUA）组65例,测定空腹血糖（FBG）、胰岛素（FI NS）、血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）、尿微量白蛋白（MAU）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿N-乙酰-B-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）,分析血尿酸与胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病肾病肾损害的关系。结果：HUA组尿MAU、β2-MG、NAG、FI NS、HOMA-IR水平均高于NUA组,ISI水平低于NUA组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,早期2型糖尿病肾病血尿酸与尿MAU、β2-MG、NAG、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与ISI呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：高尿酸血症与肾脏损害及胰岛素抵抗相关,在早期2型糖尿病肾病发生发展中起一定作用。     

血清25（OH）D3与胰岛素抵抗及尿微量白蛋白的相关性研究

目的：观察2型糖尿病及糖调节受损患者血清25（OH）D3与胰岛素抵抗及尿微量白蛋白的相关性。方法：对820例健康体检人员进行筛查,共筛选出104例2型糖尿病患者（T2DM组）,其中初发糖尿病患者40例,既往诊断2型糖尿病患者64例,同时筛选出糖调节受损患者（IGR组）94例,选择同期170例非糖尿病血糖正常体检者为对照组（NGT组）。所有参与者记录身高、体重计算体重指数（ BMI）、并行口服糖耐量及胰岛素释放试验检测;留取血清,运用ELISA法检测血清25（OH）D3水平;放免法检测尿微量白蛋白（尿MA）;分析血清25（OH）D3与胰岛素抵抗及尿MA的相关性。结果：T2DM组及IGR组中25（OH）D3水平与对照组相比明显降低（P＜0.05）,2型糖尿病中有63.16%的患者维生素D缺乏,较非糖尿病患者（42.35%）明显增高（P＜0.05）;相关分析显示,血清25（OH）D3水平与空腹胰岛素呈正相关,而与年龄、BMI、空腹血糖水平、HOMA-IR、尿微量白蛋白呈负相关。结论：2型糖尿病患者血清维生素D缺乏非常严重,维生素D缺乏可能会加重胰岛素抵抗及促进尿微量白蛋白分泌。维生素D缺乏可能是2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病发病中重要的危险因素。     

老年2型糖尿病间或有代谢综合征的肾损害多元回归分析

目的分析老年2型糖尿病间或有代谢综合征的肾损害特点及其相关因素。方法选择年龄大于60岁的2型糖尿病患者共257例，分合并代谢综合征组（MS组）和单纯糖尿病组（DM组）。观察二：组患者空腹血糖（FPG）、血脂、胰岛素（INS）水平、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、体重指数（BMI）及肾损害的相芙指标。包括24h尿白蛋白排泄率（UAE）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）及肌酐清除率（Ccr）．并分别将MAU和Ccr与年龄、糖尿病和高血压病程、血压、FPG、INS、血脂等因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果①二组患者性别、年龄、高血压和糖尿病病程、血压差异有统计学意义（P〉0．05）；②两组患者BMI、FPG、INS、HbAlC、总胆同醇、甘油i酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；③MS组UAE较DM组明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；二组患者SCr、BUN、Ccr、尿α-MG无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；④多元线性回归分析结果显示MAU与1h1NS水平明显相关，Ccr与年龄、糖尿病病程呈负相关。结论老年2型糖尿病合并MS更易发生微量白蛋白尿，是其肾脏损害的一个重要特征，胰岛素抵抗/高胰岛素血症是白蛋白尿发生的关键环节。     

2型糖尿病肾病不同时期的胰岛素抵抗分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病肾病（DN）患者不同时期的胰岛分泌功能及特点。方法：2型糖尿病患者94例,按照蛋白尿及肾功能将DN分期：正常白蛋白尿期（DN0）30例,微量白蛋白尿期（DN1）23例,临床蛋白尿期（DN2）22例,肾衰竭期（DN3）19例。观察血压（BP）、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、口服葡萄糖耐量及胰岛功能试验、尿白蛋白及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、血尿酸（UA）、纤维蛋白原（FG）等。按HOMA-IR公式,计算胰岛素敏感指数（IAI）。结果：DN各组与正常白蛋白尿组比较DN病程、DBP、TG明显升高（P〈0.05）,HDL-C、IAI明显下降（P〈0.05-0.01）,各组研究对象间FG、SDP两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05-0.01）,DN各组与正常白蛋白尿组比较HbA1C、GSP、FBP、2 h PBG、FINS、BMI、WHR差异无统计学意义。结论：2型糖尿病肾病患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,且各个分期的患者胰岛素抵抗程度相当。     

2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿危险因素分析

目的：研究2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿（MAU）的危险因素。方法：对47例2型糖尿病合并MAU的患者和56例2型糖尿病非合并MAU的患者的病程、年龄、血脂、血糖、血压、空腹胰岛素（FINS）和空腹C肽（F-CP）水平等因素进行分析比较，同时将微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）与各指标进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果：2型糖尿病合并微量白蛋白尿组的、舒张压（DBP）、甘油三酯（TG）、载脂蛋白B(APOB)显著高于非合并微量白蛋白尿组，而高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）则明显低于后者；UAER与年龄、病程、血压、空腹C肽（F-CP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）、TG、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、APOB呈正相关，与HDL-C呈负相关；经多元逐步回归分析后得出：UAER与HbAlC、F-CP、TG、SBP、病程、APOB呈正相关，与HDL-C呈负相关。结论：2型糖尿病的病程长和以高TG、高APOB和低HDL为特征的脂代谢紊乱是糖尿病肾病的危险因素，高血压、HbAlC、高F-CP水平也是糖尿病的危险因子。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清肿瘤坏死因子与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法：用酶联免疫吸附法检测120例糖尿病合并不同程度肾脏损害时其TNF-α的水平,同时检测尿白蛋白排泄量（UAlb）、血肌酐（Scr）、空腹血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素（INS）水平,计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果：TNF-α水平在糖尿病病人各组均较对照组显著升高（F=18.78,P〈0.05、0.01）,且随UAER及肾功能损害程度的加重依次升高,4组间比较差异亦有统计学意义（F=18.78,P〈0.05、0.01）。随肾损害的进展,胰岛素敏感指数渐降,且TNF-α水平与ISI成负相关,与UAlb、血肌酐呈正相关。结论：TNF-α水平与胰岛素抵抗相关,二者相互作用、相互影响,共同参与了糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程。     

黄连素对2型糖尿病患者24h尿微量白蛋白的影响

目的：观察黄连素对2型糖尿病患者血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24h尿微量白蛋白（24hUAlb）的影响。方法：我院门诊收治的2型糖尿病患者60例,随机分为治疗组（黄连素组）和对照组（罗格列酮组）。服药前后3月分别测定Scr、BUN、24hUAlb、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、血脂,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果：治疗组3月后24hUAlb、FPG、HbA1C、HOMA-IR、血脂较治疗前均下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,Scr、BUN亦下降,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。对照组3月后24hUAlb、FPG、HbA1C、HOMA-IR、血脂较治疗前均下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,BUN、Scr差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：黄连素可减少2型糖尿病患者24h尿微量白蛋白排泄,其作用可能和黄连素的降脂、降糖、改善胰岛素抵抗等有关,但对肌酐、尿素氮作用不显著,提示黄连素对糖尿病肾病的早期预防有积极意义,值得临床进一步研究。     

马来酸罗格列酮对2型糖尿病微量尿白蛋白的影响

目的观察马来酸罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白的影响。方法40例2型糖尿病患者分为两组：治疗组26例及对照组14例，治疗组加用马来酸罗格列酮4mg／d，共治疗12周。分别测定治疗前后空腹静脉血浆葡萄糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）、尿微量白蛋白（UAE）、血脂、血压等。结果患者用马来酸罗格列酮后UAE与治疗前及对照组相比明显下降（P〈0．01），治疗前后FIG、HbA1c、FINS、IRI均下降（P〈0．05），血脂水平变化不明显。马来酸罗格列酮具有良好的耐受性，无明显肝肾毒性。结论马来酸罗格列酮治疗2型糖尿病患者除有效降低血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数以外，能明显降低尿白蛋白的排泄，可达到改善糖尿病肾病的目的。     

复方积雪草加味汤对早期糖尿病肾病尿微量白蛋白干预效应

目的：通过对早期糖尿病肾病患者尿微量白蛋白（MAU）的检测,采用复方积雪草加味汤对MAU阳性患者干预治疗,探讨中医药对早期糖尿病肾病干预作用.方法：随机选择在2010年11月~2011年6月在我院门诊及内科住院治疗的糖尿病患者和健康体检者.对照组健康正常人65例,均为在我院健康体检人员,尿常规定性均为阴性,无高血压、糖尿病以及其他急慢性肾损伤疾病.糖尿病组共68例,均确诊为2型糖尿病患者,且病史≤5年.尿常规蛋白定性均为阴性,排除其他疾病导致急慢性肾损伤.糖尿病组与健康对照组在年龄、性别、体重等身体各项指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.采用透射比浊法对MAU进行全定量测定;标准参考：MAU≤30 mg/L正常,MAU〉30 mg/L即呈阳性.并对糖尿病组阳性患者行复方积雪草加味汤（积雪草30 g、黄芪30 g、桃仁6 g、当归6 g、金樱子10 g、芡实10 g、制大黄5 g）进行干预治疗,共4周.结果：两组MAU检出情况对照组和糖尿病组相比,前者未检出尿MAU阳性,阳性率为0%,糖尿病组中检出尿MAU阳性41例,阳性率为39.8%,两者检测结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对阳性组治疗前MAU（141.45±24.89）mg/L,复方积雪草加味汤治疗后MAU（51.57±15.56）mg/L,两者检测结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：糖尿病组与健康人组比较,尿微量白蛋白阳性率明显增高,表明糖尿病与尿微量白蛋白有一定的相关性.阳性组经复方积雪草加味汤治疗后,尿微量白蛋白明显减少,提示复方积雪草加味汤具有减少早期糖尿病尿微量白蛋白作用.     

血浆蛋白C,血小板α—膜粒膜蛋白与糖尿病肾病

探讨凝血状态异常对糖尿病肾病发生，发展的影响。方法 采用放免法、双抗体夹心法、检测６５例非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病患者及１５例正常人的血浆蛋白Ｃ（ＰＣ），血浆血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）及凝血因子Ⅷ：Ｃ、ｖＷＦ。结果（１）血浆ＰＣ在糖尿病微量白蛋白组显著低于正常对照组及糖尿病正常白蛋白尿组；糖尿病临床蛋白尿组更低；与尿白蛋白排泄率呈负相关；（２）血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０在ＤＭⅡ组显著高于Ｃ组及ＤＭ１     

The study of two immunological markers in patients with type-1 diabetes and in their first degree relatives

The prediction of diabetes mellitus is mostly based on the existence of plasma markers. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine islet cell antibodies (ICA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) in 28 diabetic children (12 of them having an evolutive disease of 1 year and 16 at the beginning of the diabetes) and to 47 of their first-degree relatives. There have been determined the levels of these two autoantibodies using the ELISA technique. RESULTS: To 17 of the patients with type I diabetes have been found high levels of GADA (60.7%) while 8 cases have positive ICA (28.5%). For the patients whose disease was diagnosed 1 year ago there have been found differences between the patients with and without antibodies regarding the level of the average values of Hb A1c, the daily insulin needs and the remission period. From the tested parents (a total of 25), 7 was GADA positive (28%), 6 had both antibodies present (24%) and one mother was ICA positive (4%). 9 of the brothers and sisters of the diabetic patients had high levels of GADA and 2 had both antibodies present. To the first-degree relatives with autoantibodies must be determined other plasma markers too (IAA, IA-2A) as well as genetic markers (HLA typing). CONCLUSION: The use of plasma markers is recommended as a first step in discovering the relatives with potential risk of developing the disease.     

Stratification of type 1 diabetes risk on the basis of islet autoantibody characteristics

Family history of type 1 diabetes and autoantibodies to the islet antigens insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2A) are strong predictors of type 1 diabetes, but the rate of progression to diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive relatives varies widely. We asked whether detailed characterization of islet autoantibodies that included determination of titer, epitope specificity, and IgG subclass would improve diabetes prediction in a large cohort of autoantibody-positive relatives. The study shows a strong association between risk and high titer, broad antibody responses to IA-2 and insulin. The highest risks were associated with high-titer IA-2A and IAA, IgG2, IgG3, and/or IgG4 subclass of IA-2A and IAA, and antibodies to the IA-2-related molecule IA-2beta. Using models based on these antibody characteristics, autoantibody-positive relatives can be classified into groups with risks of diabetes ranging from 7 to 89% within 5 years.     

糖尿病肾脏疾病患者血清三叶因子水平变化的临床意义

目的 探讨糖尿病肾脏疾病（diabetic kidney disease,DKD）患者血清三叶因子（trefoil factor 3,TFF3）水平的变化及其临床意义.方法 依据24 h尿白蛋白排泄率（urine albumin excretion rate,UAER）将123例2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者分为3组：单纯糖尿病组（SDM组,UAER＜30 mg/24 h）42例;早期糖尿病肾脏疾病组（EDKD组,UAER 30～300 mg/24 h）46例;临床糖尿病肾脏疾病组（CDKD 组,UAER＞300 mg/24 h）35例.另选择健康体检者20名为对照组.用酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测所有研究对象血清TFF3表达水平,并对相关临床资料进行统计学分析.结果 CDKD组的血清TFF3水平[（71.33±9.48）ng/ml]明显高于其他3组,EDKD组患者血清TFF3水平[（49.31±8.93）ng/ml]显著高于SDM组[（32.65±7.27）ng/ml],而对照组血清TFF3水平最低[（17.65±6.27）ng/ml],各组间比较有统计学差异（P＜0.01）.Pearson相关分析显示,T2DM患者血清TFF3水平与UAER呈正相关（r＝0.897,P＜0.05）.结论 血清TFF3表达水平与DKD的发生、发展呈正相关,可作为预测及判断DKD严重程度的重要指标之一.     

GAD65 Autoantibodies Detected by Electrochemiluminescence Assay Identify High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

The identification of diabetes-relevant islet autoantibodies is essential for predicting and preventing type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of the current study was to evaluate a newly developed electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-GAD antibody (GADA) assay and compare its sensitivity and disease relevance with standard radioassay. The assay was validated with serum samples from 227 newly diagnosed diabetic children; 68 prediabetic children who were prospectively followed to T1D; 130 nondiabetic children with confirmed islet autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and/or ZnT8 longitudinally followed for 12 ± 3.7 years; and 181 age-matched, healthy, antibody-negative children. The ECL-GADA assay had a sensitivity similar to that of the standard GADA radioassay in children newly diagnosed with T1D, prediabetic children, and high-risk children with multiple positive islet autoantibodies. On the other hand, only 9 of 39 nondiabetic children with only a single islet autoantibody (GADA only) by radioassay were positive for ECL-GADA. GADA not detectable by ECL assay is shown to be of low affinity and likely not predictive of future diabetes. In conclusion, the new ECL assay identifies disease-relevant GADA by radioassay. It may help to improve the prediction and correct diagnosis of T1D among subjects positive only for GADA and no other islet autoantibodies.Islet autoantibodies play an essential role in the prediction of type 1 diabetes (T1D) (1–3). These autoantibodies can appear as early as 6–9 months of age and usually precede clinical diabetes by years. Accurate detection of islet autoantibodies is crucial for finding the environmental factors that may trigger islet autoimmunity and promote progression to T1D.In addition, islet autoantibodies are used extensively to stage diabetes risk and as the inclusion criteria for trials to prevent T1D. The risk of developing T1D is strongly associated with the number of islet autoantibodies among both first-degree relatives of patients with T1D and general population subjects. Children who have two or more persistent islet autoantibodies are at high risk; 70% of them will progress to diabetes in <10 years (4). In contrast, children with a single positive persistent autoantibody are at a much lower risk, with <10% progressing to diabetes in 10 years. Further stratification of these single autoantibodies for disease relevance by more-specific assays would greatly enhance staging of diabetes risk for clinical trials.We recently developed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) insulin autoantibody (IAA) assay (5,6) that has been shown to be more sensitive and more specific for detecting diabetes than the standard micro-IAA radioassay. In the current study, we evaluated a similar ECL-GAD antibody (GADA) assay and compared its sensitivity and disease relevance among GADA-positive children by the standard GADA radioassay.     

Genetic effects on age-dependent onset and islet cell autoantibody markers in type 1 diabetes

Age-dependent associations between type 1 diabetes risk genes HLA, INS VNTR, and CTLA-4 and autoantibodies to GAD65 (GADAs), ICA512/IA-2, insulin, and islet cells were determined by logistic regression analysis in 971 incident patients with type 1 diabetes and 702 control subjects aged 0-34 years. GADAs were associated with HLA-DQ2 in young but not in older patients (P = 0.009). Autoantibodies to insulin were negatively associated with age (P < 0.0001) but positively associated with DQ8 (P = 0.03) and with INS VNTR (P = 0.04), supporting possible immune tolerance induction. ICA512/IA-2 were negatively associated with age (P < 0.0001) and with DQ2 (P < 0.0001) but positively associated with DQ8 (P = 0.04). Males were more likely than females to be negative for GADA (P < 0.0001), autoantibodies to islet cells (P = 0.04), and all four autoantibody markers (P = 0.004). The CTLA-4 3' end microsatellite marker was not associated with any of the autoantibodies. We conclude that age and genetic factors such as HLA-DQ and INS VNTR need to be combined with islet autoantibody markers when evaluating the risk for type 1 diabetes development.     

A 12-year prospective study of the relationship between islet antibodies and beta-cell function at and after the diagnosis in patients with adult-onset diabetes

To clarify the relationships between islet antibodies (islet cell antibody [ICA], GAD antibody [GADA], and IA-2 antibody [IA-2A]) versus the progression of beta-cell dysfunction, we have followed a group of diabetic patients from their diagnosis at 21-73 years of age. Patients with ICA had high levels of GADA and/or IA-2A at diagnosis and a more severe beta-cell dysfunction 5 years after diagnosis than those with only GADA in low concentrations. The aim of the current 12-year follow-up study was to examine the further progression of beta-cell dysfunction in relation to islet antibodies at and after diagnosis. Among 107 patients, complete beta-cell failure 12 years after diagnosis was restricted to those with islet antibodies at diagnosis (16 of 21 [77%] with multiple antibodies and 4 of 5 [80%] with only GADA). In contrast, among antibody-negative patients, fasting P-C-peptide levels were unchanged. Most GADA-positive patients (22 of 27 [81%]) remained GADA positive after 12 years. Associated with decreasing fasting P-C-peptide levels (0.85 nmol/l [0.84] at diagnosis vs. 0.51 nmol/l [0.21] 12 years after diagnosis, P < 0.05), ICA developed after diagnosis in 6 of 105 originally antibody negative mostly overweight patients. In conclusion, multiple islet antibodies or GADA alone at diagnosis of diabetes predict future complete beta-cell failure. After diagnosis, GADA persisted in most patients, whereas ICA development in patients who were antibody negative at diagnosis indicated decreasing beta-cell function.     

非肥胖性2型糖尿病患者袖状胃切除间置回肠的十二指肠空肠旁路手术后胰岛β细胞功能的改善

目的 探讨袖状胃切除间置回肠的十二指肠空肠旁路手术对非肥胖性2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的改善作用.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年10月间在四川省攀枝花市中心医院接受袖状胃切除间置回肠的十二指肠空肠旁路手术的54例非肥胖型2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,包括术前及术后1、3、6、12、24月进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果和空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）及空腹胰岛素等检测结果,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、稳态模型β细胞功能（HOMA-β）、早期胰岛素分泌指数（△I30/△G30）及胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCINS）.结果 术后24月,HbA1c由术前的（8.2±0.8）％降至（6.3±0.1）％,空腹血糖由（9.2±0.6） mmol/L降至（5.9±0.5）mmol/L,空腹胰岛素由（9.7±1.5） mIU/L降至（6.2±0.7） mIU/L,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;同时,HOMA-IR较术前明显下降（0.8±0.3比2.1±0.6,P＜0.05）,HOMA-β明显升高（56.3±12.8比28.4±9.2,P＜0.05）,△I30/△G30明显升高（1.8±0.7比0.8±0.2,P＜0.05）,而AUCINS在术后1月和3月时较术前下降,但术后6、12和24月时较术前上升（P＜0.05）.相关分析结果显示,HbA1c与HOMA-β（r=-0.628,P＜0.01）、△I30/△G30（r=-0.571,P＜0.01）和AUCINS（r=-0.606,P＜0.01）呈显著负相关,与HOMA-IR呈显著正相关（r=0.784,P＜0.01）.结论 袖状胃切除间置回肠的十二指肠空肠旁路手术能改善胰岛β细胞功能,从而达到治疗糖尿病的作用.     

Roux-en-Y吻合重建对胃窦癌合并T2DM患者血糖及胰岛功能的影响

目的:探讨Roux-en-Y吻合重建术对胃窦癌合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖水平、胰岛功能及术后生存质量的影响。方法:选取2010年1月—2014年1月收治的68例I~II期胃窦癌合并T2DM患者为研究对象,根据患者手术方式将其分为胃十二指肠吻合组(对照组)32例,Roux-en-Y吻合重建组(观察组)36例,对比分析2组患者术前、术后6个月体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽(FCP)水平。术前、术后6个月对2组患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),检测及比较2组餐后2h血糖(2h FPG)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2h INS)及餐后2 h C肽(2h CP),计算2组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。术前及术后6个月采用肿瘤生存质量量表(QOL)对2组患者生存质量进行评价。结果:对照组术后6个月BMI、FPG、Hb A1c、FINS、FCP、2h FPG、2h INS、2h CP、HOMA-IR与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后6个月FPG、Hb A1c、2h FPG、HOMA-IR水平显著低于术前,而FINS、FCP、2h INS、2h CP较术前显著升高(P0.05)。术后6个月观察组食欲、睡眠、自理能力、心理能力、疾病认识以及总生存质量评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:Roux-en-Y吻合术能有效提高胃窦癌合并T2DM患者胰岛β细胞功能,降低血糖水平,提高患者生存质量。     

2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平及相关影响因素的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的变化及其相关影响因素。方法根据体重指数（BMI）将80例T2DM患者分为肥胖T2DM组（BMI≥25kg／m^2）、非肥胖T2DM组（BMI〈25kg／m^2）,将30例正常体重非糖尿病者设为对照组。检测其空腹血清脂联素（APN）、RBP4、胰岛素（FINS）水平,同时测定空腹血糖（FBG）、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,计算BMI、腰臀比（WHR）和稳态模式评估法胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。分析各组间RBP4水平的变化,并与上述其他指标进行相关分析。结果RBP4在肥胖T2DM组和非肥胖T2DM组中显著高于对照组[分别为（30．02±5．32）、（20．10±5．45）、（12．02±3．45）mg／L]（P〈0．01）,在肥胖T2DM组显著高于非肥胖T2DM组（P〈0．01）。单因素相关分析显示RBP4与TG、BMI、FBG、WHR、FINS、HOMA．IR呈正相关,与APN呈负相关（相关系数分别为0．225、0．697、0．323、0．557、0．272、0．461、-0．398）。结论血清RBP4在T2DM患者中显著升高,RBP4可能在胰岛素抵抗及T2DM的发生、发展过程中起了重要的作用。     

Rising incidence of type 1 diabetes is associated with altered immunophenotype at diagnosis

The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased rapidly over recent decades, particularly in young children. We aimed to determine whether this rise was associated with changes in patterns of humoral islet autoimmunity at diagnosis. Autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera collected from children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes between 1985 and 2002. The influence of date of diagnosis on prevalence and level of autoantibodies was investigated by logistic regression with adjustment for age and HLA class II genetic risk. Prevalence of IA-2A and ZnT8A increased significantly over the period studied, and this was mirrored by raised levels of IA-2A, ZnT8A, and IA-2β autoantibodies (IA-2βA). IAA and GADA prevalence and levels did not change. Increases in IA-2A, ZnT8A, and IA-2βA at diagnosis during a period of rising incidence suggest that the process leading to type 1 diabetes is now characterized by a more intense humoral autoimmune response. Understanding how changes in environment or lifestyle alter the humoral autoimmune response to islet antigens should help explain why the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing and may suggest new strategies for preventing disease.