(S)-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐的合成

目的 研究(S)-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐的制备方法。方法 以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸为原料,经乙基化、氧化得4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-乙基磺酰基苯甲酸(4),另由1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷经D-(-)-酒石酸拆分得S-(-)-1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷(6),4与6缩合制得S-(-)-氨磺必利(7),再与D-(-)-酒石酸成盐制得目标物S-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐(1)。总收率达25%(以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸计算)。结果 所得产物经元素分析,红外光谱、核磁共振谱及质谱确证了结构。结论 本方法原料易得,反应条件温和,产品质量易控制。     

20(S)-7-烷(芳)酰基喜树碱的合成

20(S)-喜树碱(2)在过硫酸铵和硫酸亚铁作用下,以75%硫酸为溶剂,分别与戊醛和糠醛进行Minisci反应,制得20(S)-7-戊酰基喜树碱(1a)和20(S)-7-(2-糠酰基)喜树碱(1b),收率分别为81.3%和56.0%.对1a、1b和2用SRB法进行了人白血病(HL-60)、人胃癌细胞(BGC-823)、人肝癌细胞(Bel-7402)和人鼻咽癌细胞(KB)的体外抗肿瘤活性试验.结果显示,1a、1b对HL-60、BGC-823的抑制作用较2强;对Bel-7402和KB的抑制作用较2弱.     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅳ.苏(-)或( )-1-(对硝基苯基)-1,3-二羟基丙胺-2为拆分剂

本文介绍以光学活性苏-1-(对硝基苯基)-1,3-二羟基丙胺-2为拆分剂,与消旋棉酚缩合,用常压柱色谱或溶剂结晶法分离得到两个光学纯的非对映体,然后分别水解得( )和(-)-棉酚。     

(S)-4-(4-氨基苄基)-2-(口恶)唑烷酮的合成

目的:改进(S)二4-(4-氨基苄基)-2-(口恶)唑烷酮的制备方法.方法:以L-苯丙氨酸为原料,经过硝化、酯化、还原(酯)、还原(硝基)和环合共五步反应合成抗偏头痛药物佐米曲普坦的重要中间体(S)-4-(4-氨基苄基)-2-(口恶)唑烷酮.结果:目标产物经熔点测定、1HNMR及MS-EI确证其化学结构,总收率为39.3%.结论:改进后的工艺,反应条件温和,操作简便,对环境污染较少.     

(S)-(一)-α-α-二苯基-2-吡咯烷甲醇的合成

以 L-谷氨酸为原料经分子内脱水、酯化、格氏反应和 LiAlH_4还原,制备了重要手性助剂(S)-(?)-α,α-二苯基-2-吡咯烷甲醇,总收率59%。     

2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙醇的合成

以丙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,先溴化得到4-溴丙酰乙酸乙酯,再在甲苯中与苯甲酰胺回流环合得到2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙酸乙酯,最后经氢化铝锂还原,得到目标杂环中间体2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙醇.该合成方法反应步骤少,原料便宜,目标物的总收率为67.3%.     

2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸的合成

以乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,经亚硝化,硫酰氯氯化,环合,水解,精制五步反应制备了2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸,总收率38.8%。本品是合成头孢克肟、头孢他啶、头孢地尼等的重要中间体。     

麻黄素中间体[(S)-(-)-α-甲胺基苯丙酮]2·(2R,3R)-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定合成麻黄素的中间体[(S)-(-)-α-甲胺摹苯丙酮]2(2R,3R)-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸中的(S)-(-)-α-甲胺基苯丙酮和(2R,3R)-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸.采用C18色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-甲醇(80:20)为流动相,检测波长238 nm.两者在0.05~0.20 mg/ml和0.06～O.24 mg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,回收率为99.8%和99.6%,RSD均为0.6%.     

(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇的合成

目的研究拟β-肾上腺素(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇(1)的合成方法.方法以β-萘乙烯(2)为原料,通过烯烃的Sharpless不对称双羟化、环化、选择性开环、催化氢化、甲酰化、还原等6步反应制备目标产物.结果与结论设计的合成路线以β-萘乙烯计,6步反应总收率为39.3%,ee值高达97%～99%,合成路线易行.目标产物的结构经质谱、红外光谱、1H-NMR和13C-NMR确证.     

2-(2-芳基)乙基苯甲酸的合成

以邻氰基氯苄为原料,与苯甲醛或2-噻吩甲醛经Wittig-Horner反应、水解及氢化反应制得2-(2-苯乙基)苯甲酸或2-(2-噻吩基)乙基苯甲酸,总收率分别约64%和60%。     

咪康唑中间体1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇合成新工艺

目的合成1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇.方法以2,4-二氯苯甲醛为原料,在碱性条件下与锍内鎓盐反应得到的1-(2,4-二氯苯基)环氧乙烷与咪唑反应得到抗真茵药物咪康唑中间体1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1-咪唑基)乙醇.结果此工艺具有反应条件温和、易控,原料便宜易得等优点,总收率54%,产品纯度≥99.0%.结论该合成工艺可行,具有工业生产价值.     

1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪的制备

地拉韦定(delavirdine)是由美国Pharmacia&Upjohn公司研制的非核苷HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs),临床与其它抗HIV药联合使用,用于治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征[1].1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(1)是其重要中间体.文献[2-4]以5-硝基吲哚-2-羧酸(2)和1-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(3)为原料,在1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)作用下缩合制得.EDC价昂,后处理用氯仿作提取溶剂,且需通过柱色谱纯化,不适于规模化生产.     

3-（3-羟基-1-甲基丙氧基）-1-丁醇和3-（3-羟基丁氧基）-1-丁醇的合成及其工艺改进

目的合成3-（3-羟基-1-甲基丙氧基）-1．丁醇（Ⅰ）和3-（3-羟基丁氧基）-1-丁醇（Ⅰ），并改进工艺提高产品纯度。方法以1，3-丁二醇为起始原料，通过硫酸催化双分子缩合、三苯甲基选择性保护、分离提纯、脱保护基4步反应得到目标化合物。结果与结论化合物Ⅰ的结构经。H．NMR13C-NMR谱确证，其含量经C-C测定，大于99．5％。化合物Ⅰ的纯度为90．0％，与文献相比纯度都有相应提高。     

Metabolism of a glucuronide conjugate of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in rats

 Besides 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-β-O-d-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Glu) is another important metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) which has been detected in the urine of tobacco users and non-smokers heavily exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke. In order to evaluate the toxicological significance of NNAL-Glu formation and excretion, the metabolism of [5-³H]-NNAL-Glu was studied in rats. Five male F344 rats were administered 3.7 mg/kg [5-³H]-NNAL-Glu by i.v. injection and the metabolites in urine analysed by HPLC. More than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine within the first 24 h. Unchanged NNAL-Glu accounted for 81.2±3.1% of the total radioactivity; the remaining part of the dose appears to be deconjugated resulting in the urinary excretion of NNAL (3.6±1.7%) and its α-hydroxylation (11.5±2.2%) and N-oxidation (3.6±1.6%) products. The presence of α-hydroxylation products of NNAL-Glu in urine suggests that this NNK metabolite may be activated in vivo to carcinogenic intermediates. Received: 25 April 1994 / Accepted: 29 June 1994     

Stereoselective monooxygenation of carcinostatic 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea by purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes

Three highly purified forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450a, P-450b and P-450c) from Aroclor 1254-treated rats catalyzed 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU) monooxygenation in the presence of purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADPH, and lipid. Differences in the regioselectivity of CCNU and MeCCNU monohydroxylation reactions by the cytochrome P-450 isozymes were observed. Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenation of CCNU gave only alicyclic hydroxylation products, but monooxygenation of MeCCNU gave alicyclic hydroxylation products, an αhydroxylation product on the 2-chloroethyl moiety, and a trans-4-hydroxymethyl product. A high degree of stereoselectivity for hydroxylation of CCNU and MeCCNU at the cis-4 position of the cyclohexyl ring was demonstrated. All three cytochrome P-450 isozymes were stereoselective in primarily forming the metabolite cis-4-hydroxy-trans-4-Methyl-CCNU from MeCCNU. The principal metabolite of CCNU which resulted from cytochromes P-450a and P-450b catalysis was cis-4-hydroxy CCNU, whereas the principal metabolites from cytochrome P-450c catalysis were the trans-3-hydroxy and the cis-4-hydroxy isomers. Total amounts of CCNU and MeCCNU hydroxylation with cytochrome P-450b were twice that with hepatic microsomes from Aroclor 1254-treated rats. Catalysis with cytochromes P-450a and P-450c was substantially less effective than that observed with either cytochrome P-450b or hepatic microsomes from Aroclor 1254-treated rats.     

3-(S)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯甲基)吡咯烷的合成

反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸经脱羧、N-Boc保护和氯代反应制得N-Boc-3-(S)-氯吡咯烷,在叔丁醇钾作用下与二苯乙腈缩合得N-Boc-3-(S)-(1-氰基-1,1-二苯甲基)毗咯烷,再经水解、脱保护、经L-(+)-酒石酸处理后碱化制得氢溴酸达非那新中间体3-(S)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯基甲基)吡咯烷,总收率约14%.     

1-(2,6-二甲氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH)拮抗α1肾上腺素受体的特性

目的　研究DDPH对α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)及其亚型的拮抗作用。方法　放射配体结合实验和离体血管收缩功能实验。结果　DDPH对¹²⁵I-BE2254与大鼠脑皮质和脾脏α₁-AR结合呈竞争性拮抗作用。pK_I值在两者间无显著性差别, Hill系数均接近于1.0。在分别稳定表达α_1A,α_1B或α_1D-AR的克隆HEK293细胞中,其拮抗的pK_I值α_1A和α_1D比α_1B-AR高约2倍,Hill系数均接近于1.0。并拮抗去甲肾上腺素(NE)介导大鼠主动脉,肾动脉和脾脏收缩的pA₂值,在三者间无显著差别,斜率接近1.0。结论　DDPH对α₁-AR有竞争性拮抗作用,但其作用对α₁-AR亚型无选择性。     

1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol,a novel subtype selective inhibitor of the mouse type II GABA-transporter

The selectivity of new derivatives of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-uptake inhibitor, tiagabine was characterized at the four cloned mouse GABA transporters (mGAT1 through mGAT4) by measuring [³H]-GABA uptake into stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells. While tiagabine is a highly selective inhibitor of mGAT1 (K_i=0.11±0.02 μM), these derivatives exhibited low potencies at mGAT1 but differential activities at mGAT2, mGAT3 and mGAT4. In particular, 1-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC 05-2090) was a potent inhibitor of mGAT2 (K_i=1.4±0.3 μM) showing at least 10 fold selectivity over mGAT1, mGAT3 and mGAT4. NNC 05-2090 is the first subtype selective inhibitor of mGAT2 and may represent a novel useful tool for investigating the physiological roles of GAT2 in the brain and periphery.     

两步法合成(S)-1-(2-氯乙酰基)-2-腈基吡咯烷的工艺研究

目的 研究(S)-1-(2-氯乙酰基)-2-腈基吡咯烷的合成工艺.方法 L-脯氨酸与氯乙酰氯通过N-乙酰化得到(S)-1-(2-氯乙酰基)-2-吡咯烷甲酸,然后加入脲素和氨基磺酸实行分段保温反应得到产物(S)-1-(2-氯乙酰基)-2-腈基吡咯烷.结果 此路线所得产品收率为75.5％.结论 此工艺路线条件温和、操作简便、原料价廉易得.     

LC-MS/MS法研究1-[1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基]-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐在大鼠体内的代谢产物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对大鼠灌胃1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)后粪便、尿液、胆汁和血浆中的主要代谢产物进行研究。通过比较给药样品和空白样品的全扫描总离子流色谱和选择离子扫描色谱图差别寻找I相代谢产物；根据其一级和二级质谱图，确定I相代谢产物的分子结构。完全提取I相代谢产物后的样品溶液，再用葡糖醛酸酶酶解，得II相结合物的苷元部分，采用与I相代谢产物鉴定同样方法寻找和鉴定II相代谢产物苷元的结构，进而确证II相代谢产物的分子结构。从大鼠粪便中鉴定出P91024的2个I相代谢物，从胆汁中鉴定出1个I相和5个II相代谢产物，从尿液中鉴定出1个I相和3个II相代谢产物，从血浆中鉴定出4个I相和1个II相代谢产物；并分别分析推测出它们的结构。P91024在大鼠体内被代谢转化为多种产物，利用LC-MS/MS可以快速寻找和鉴定。