青藤碱对吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠作用的实验研究

目的 探讨青藤碱对吗啡依赖性的戒断作用及机制。方法 建立豚鼠离体回肠模型，以纳络酮催促吗啡依赖性戒断收缩，观察10、50和250μmol/L Sin及0．1μmol/L尼莫地平在加入纳络酮前后给药对戒断性收缩的影响；观察青藤碱对乙酰胆碱引起的正常豚鼠回肠收缩的作用。结果 青藤碱及尼莫地平均可抑制纳络酮催促的戒断性收缩，对乙酰胆碱引起的正常豚鼠回肠收缩也有抑制作用，青藤碱的作用呈剂量依赖趋势。结论 青藤碱能够抑制吗啡依赖的戒断症状。     

千斤拔对吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠戒断性收缩作用的研究

[目的]观察千斤拔（大叶）水煎液对纳络酮引起的吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠戒断性收缩的作用,及它对乙酰胆碱引起的正常离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌收缩的影响。[方法]通过制作豚鼠离体回肠正常组标本和培养吗啡依赖离体回肠组标本,观察千斤拔水煎液对加入纳络酮（Nal）1min前后对吗啡组戒断性收缩的影响;及千斤拔水煎液对加入Ach 1min前后对正常组回肠收缩的影响。[结果]大叶千斤拔水煎液对乙酰胆碱引起的正常豚鼠回肠收缩和纳络酮引起的吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠戒断性收缩均有抑制作用,并且它的作用呈剂量依赖趋势。[结论]大叶千斤拔水煎液能够抑制吗啡依赖离体回肠平滑肌的戒断性收缩。     

青风藤对吗啡在离体豚鼠回肠中依赖性的作用

目的：观察青风藤（QFT）对吗啡在离体豚鼠回肠中戒断反应的影响，以及对乙酰胆碱（Ach)引起豚鼠回肠收缩的影响，评价青风藤对吗啡依赖豚鼠回肠的作用。方法：戒断性收缩由1μmol.L^-1纳络酮（Nal)加入已在含3μmol.L^-1吗啡（Mor)的37．5℃Krebs液中孵育4h的离体豚鼠回肠引起。结果：当QFT（0．04，0．2，1．0g.L^-1)在加入Nal1有后给药，Nal催促的戒断性收缩被抑制，与Mor依赖对照组相比较有显性差异（P＜0．05）；QFT（0．04，0．2，1．0g.L^-1)对Ach引起的正常豚鼠回肠收缩也有抑制作用，与Ach对照组相比较均有显性差异（P＜0．05），QFT的作用呈剂量依赖趋势。结论：青风藤能够抑制Mor依赖的戒断症状。     

褪黑素对豚鼠回肠体外吗啡依赖性的影响

目的 观察褪黑素(MT)对豚鼠体外回肠吗啡依赖性的影响。方法 以豚鼠体外回肠为实验对象，37℃孵育3h，测定纳洛酮催发引起的戒断性收缩强度，作为产生依赖性的指标。结果 豚鼠回肠标本用含吗啡(终浓度4μmol/L)的Krebs液孵育3h，纳洛酮(终浓度为4μmol／L)可催发戒断症状(特异性收缩)；MT(终浓度800μmol／L)单独孵育3h．纳洛酮不会催发戒断性收缩；急性给MT(终浓度分别为100，200，400μmol／L)或预防性给MT(终浓度分别为25，100，400μmol／L)均可剂量依赖性地减弱回肠戒断后的特异性收缩。结论 MT可抑制回肠吗啡依赖性的产生且减弱回肠的吗啡依赖戒断性反应。     

戒毒康对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠戒断性收缩的影响

目的 研究戒毒康对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠催促戒断反应的抑制作用。方法 连续递增皮下注射吗啡,建立豚鼠身体依赖性模型,利用MD2000 Super Lab 生物信息采集系统观察戒毒康对纳洛酮催促诱发吗啡身体依赖性豚鼠离体回肠的戒断性收缩的抑制作用。结果 戒毒康高(0.6 mg·mL^-1)、中(0.3 mg·mL^-1)、低(0.15 mg·mL^-1)3个剂量对吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠纳洛酮催促戒断性收缩的抑制率分别为：78.8%,46.8%,30.0%,并呈剂量相关性,其中高剂量组和中剂量组与模型组比较,有显著性差异。结论 戒毒康在一定程度上能抑制吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠体外纳洛酮催促戒断性收缩。     

三七总皂甙对吗啡戒断大鼠海马磷酸化CREB蛋白表达及CREB/DNA结合活性的影响

目的:研究三七总皂甙(PNS)对吗啡依赖及纳络酮催促戒断大鼠海马组织CREB,pCREB蛋白表达及CREB/DNA结合活性的影响,探讨PNS抑制吗啡戒断症状的作用机制. 方法:应用剂量递增法皮下注射盐酸吗啡建立吗啡躯体依赖模型,采用腹腔注射纳络酮建立催促戒断模型,大鼠在给予吗啡的同时,采用4种不同剂量PNS进行灌胃. 采用Western blot和电泳迁移率改变分析法(EMSA)分别观察PNS对吗啡依赖及戒断大鼠海马组织总CREB,pCREB蛋白表达及CREB/DNA结合活性的影响. 结果:①不同剂量PNS组、吗啡成瘾(MOR)组及纳络酮催促戒断(NAL)组大鼠海马组织总CREB蛋白表达与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);②MOR组pCREB蛋白表达及CREB/DNA结合活性数值略高于对照组(P>0.05),NAL组pCREB蛋白表达及CREB/DNA结合活性数值明显高于对照组和MOR组(P<0.01);③PNS可以剂量依赖性的抑制纳络酮催促戒断所引起的pCREB蛋白表达增高和CREB/DNA结合活性的增强. 结论:PNS可以剂量依赖的抑制吗啡成瘾及纳络酮催促戒断诱导的大鼠海马组织CREB磷酸化和CREB/DNA结合活性的增强.     

吗啡长时程作用对新生鼠TM神经细胞cAMP和cGMP的影响以及青藤碱的干预作用

目的观察体外原代培养的新生鼠下丘脑结节乳头核(TM)神经细胞在吗啡长时程作用下胞内cAMP及cGMP水平的变化以及青藤碱对它的影响。方法采用原代培养7d的TM神经细胞,加入含100μmol/L吗啡的培养液培养48h,形成类吗啡依赖神经细胞,经100μmol/L纳洛酮戒断后,用EIA法测定细胞内cAMP和cGMP含量。不同剂量的组胺或青藤碱在纳洛酮戒断前30min作用于细胞,同时测定药物对正常TM细胞内cAMP和cGMP水平的影响。结果以100μmol/L吗啡作用于新生鼠TM细胞48h后,胞内cAMP及cGMP含量明显升高,经100μmol/L纳洛酮戒断后,胞内cAMP含量出现反弹性超高现象,而cGMP含量则明显下降,cAMP与cGMP比值明显增大。30、100μmol/L青藤碱及40μmol/L组胺对正常TM神经细胞的cAMP及cGMP含量无明显影响,300μmol/L青藤碱及80μmol/L组胺可使正常细胞内cAMP含量明显升高。三个剂量的青藤碱及40μmol/L组胺预先作用可明显降低吗啡依赖的TM细胞经纳洛酮戒断时的cAMP超高水平,同时明显升高cGMP水平,使细胞内增大的cAMP与cGMP比值减小。结论在吗啡(100μmol/L)长时程(48h)作用下,TM神经细胞内cAMP及cGMP水平发生了明显的变化,中枢组胺能神经系统可能参与了吗啡依赖的形成与戒断过程。青藤碱可显著降低吗啡依赖细胞戒断时的cAMP超高水平,同时升高cGMP水平,使两者比值趋于正常。     

吗啡长时程作用对新生鼠TM神经细胞cAMP和cGMP的影响以及青藤碱的干预作用

目的观察体外原代培养的新生鼠下丘脑结节乳头核（TM）神经细胞在吗啡长时程作用下胞内cAMP及cGMP水平的变化以及青藤碱对它的影响。方法采用原代培养7d的TM神经细胞，加入含100μmol／L吗啡的培养液培养48h，形成类吗啡依赖神经细胞，经100μmol／L纳洛酮戒断后，用EIA法测定细胞内cAMP和cGMP含量。不同剂量的组胺或青藤碱存纳洛戒成断前30min作用于细胞，同时测定药物对正常TM细胞内cAMP和cGMP水平的影响。结果以100μmol／L吗啡作用于新生鼠TM细胞48h后，胞内cAMP及cGMP含量明显升高，经100μmol／L纳洛酮戒断后．胞内cAMP含量出现反弹性超高现象，而cGMP含量则明显下降，cAMP与cGMP比值明显增大。30、100μmol／L青藤碱及40μmol／L组胺对正常TM神经细胞的cAMP及cGMP含量无明显影响，300μmol／L青藤碱及80μmol/L组胺可使正常细胞内cAMP含量明显升高。三个剂量的青藤碱及40μmol／L组胺预先作用可明显降低吗啡依赖的TM细胞经纳洛酮戒断时的cAMP超高水平，同时明显升高cGMP水平，使细胞内增大的cAMP与cGMP比值减小。结论在吗啡（100μmol／L）长时程（48h）作用下，TM神经细胞内cAMP及cGMP水平发生了明显的变化，中枢组胺能神经系统可能参与了吗啡依赖的形成与戒断过程，青藤碱可显著降低吗啡依赖细胞戒断时的cAMP超高水平，同时升高cGMP水平，使两者比值趋于正常。     

三七总皂甙对吗啡戒断大鼠海马神经细胞内游离钙的影响

目的 研究三七总皂甙(panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)对吗啡戒断大鼠海马神经细胞内[Ca2+]i的影响,探讨PNS缓解吗啡戒断症状的可能机制.方法 应用剂量递增法大鼠皮下注射吗啡及腹腔注射纳络酮建立吗啡躯体依赖及催促戒断模型.在给予吗啡的同时分别以PNS 100、200、400 mg/kg对大鼠灌胃,记数大鼠的体质量变化和跳跃次数以确定模型建立是否成功,采用流式细胞术测定其海马神经细胞内[Ca2+]i浓度.结果 ①PNS呈剂量依赖性抑制戒断大鼠体质量减轻和跳跃的发生,②慢性吗啡作用可以使海马神经细胞内[Ca"]i明显升高;纳络酮可迅速下词这种异常增高的[Ca2+]i;PNS则可增加纳络酮催促戒断大鼠海马神经细胞内[Ca2+]i,且呈剂量依赖性.结论 PNS可能通过调节神经细胞内[Ca2+]i,抑制吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断症状的发生.     

大鼠对尼美舒利的依赖性实验研究

报道了大鼠对尼美舒利与吗啡、苯巴比妥的依赖性研究。结果表明，用尼美舒利处理的大鼠，突然停药或给予纳络酮未观察到戒断症状；吗啡组大鼠突然停药或用纳络酮诱导，可观察到明显的戒断症状；苯巴比妥处理大鼠突然停药后，也可观察到戒断症状；对于吗啡和苯巴比妥依赖的大鼠，尼美舒利没有替代作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.