血管化腓骨瓣修复涉及髁突下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的:对累及髁突的不同类型下颌骨缺损采用游离腓骨瓣修复的方法、经验进行总结。方法:2001年10月-2004年10月,53例累及下颌升支上部的颌骨良性病损,行下颌骨切除后采用游离腓骨瓣进行下颌骨重建,分别采用了腓骨代替髁突法(30例)、游离髁突法(7例)及保留髁突法(16例)3种方法进行下颌骨缺损修复重建。分析总结临床方法经验,并对患者术后外形和功能进行临床评价。结果:本组血管化游离腓骨瓣移植成活率98.1%(52/53);41例患者术后随访,进行了临床检查及外形、功能评价,经Fisher检验,腓骨替代髁突组、游离髁突组及保留髁突组患者在术后外形和进食、语音功能上无显著差别。结论:3种不同髁突处理方法进行游离腓骨瓣下颌骨缺损重建,在临床上实用可行,可依据患者病损的具体情况选用。     

血管化腓骨肌瓣下颌骨重建中髁突不同处理方法对颞下颌关节功能的影响评价

目的 对髁突采用不同处理方法的血管化腓骨肌瓣下颌骨缺损重建后评价患者的临床及颞下颌关节(TMJ)功能状态.方法 患者41例,其中男性21例,女性20例.41例均为累及下颌升支上部且未超过下颌中线的颌骨良性病损,其中应用腓骨替代髁突法重建24例、游离髁突法重建5例、保留髁突法重建12例.采用Fricton TMJ功能量表评价患者术后的TMJ功能,并进行统计学分析.结果 所有患者均未发生关节强直,术后最大开口度31～53 mm,平均值(42.8±5.7)mm.不同术式患者术后面部外形、进食及语音功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但患者的TMJ功能指数,即功能障碍指数(dysfunction index,DI)及功能紊乱指数(cramiomandibular index,CMI)间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).保留髁突组患者的TMJ功能优于腓骨替代髁突组.结论 保留髁突的血管化腓骨瓣下颌骨重建有助于恢复TMJ功能;以腓骨瓣末端替代髁突进行下颌骨重建时,重建髁突的位置和形态对于TMJ的功能有明显影响.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ascending ramus mandible. A case report

We report the clinical course of a 28-year old male patient with a large aneurysmal bone cyst of the ascending ramus of the left mandible. Surgical treatment was performed as radical resection of the ascending ramus of the mandible including the condyle with one-stage reconstruction with a free fibula flap. Aggressive growth, clinical symptoms and a high recurrence rate of aneurysmatic bone cysts were the reason for this surgical treatment. The free fibula flap offers a good quality of cortical bone, which is supposed to be the best choice for reconstruction of the condyle.     

Sequential second free fibula flap for the reconstruction of metachronous osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a potentially catastrophic complication of external beam radiation therapy for head and neck malignancies. A 55-year-old man treated with chemoradiation for base-of-tongue cancer presented with a necrotic left mandibular body and underwent left mandibulectomy with right free fibula osteocutaneous flap reconstruction. Two and a half years later, he presented with right mandibular body ORN and underwent a second mandibular resection and subsequent reconstruction with a left fibula osteocutaneous free flap fixed in the midline to the previously placed contralateral fibula. He recovered well from all procedures. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of a patient with metachronous ORN of the mandible requiring resection and subsequent reconstruction with sequential free fibula flaps. Even in the presence of prior microvascular reconstructions, patients can successfully undergo additional reconstructive procedures to restore their function, appearance, and quality of life.     

Microvascular free flaps for mandibular reconstruction in Goldenhar syndrome

Although Goldenhar syndrome is a relatively common craniofacial malformation, there is some debate regarding the ideal treatment of severe mandibular hypoplasia. Traditionally, patients with severe mandibular deficits have been treated with iliac or costochondral bone grafts followed by distraction osteogenesis, with mixed results. The authors present their experience with the use of the osteocutaneous fibula and scapula free flap for mandibular reconstruction in patients with severe mandibular hypoplasia. The cases of 4 patients who underwent free-flap reconstruction of a severely hypoplastic mandible due to Goldenhar syndrome are presented. Microvascular reconstruction of the severely hypoplastic mandible is possible with the osteocutaneous scapula and the fibula flap. Minimal donor-site morbidity is elicited. Furthermore, the vertical relationship can be restored adequately, and breathing is facilitated. The microvascular fibula and scapula flap are a viable option for reconstruction of the severely hypoplastic mandible in patients with Goldenhar syndrome.     

带血管蒂腓骨组织瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床研究

目的:评价带血管蒂腓骨组织瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用价值。方法:对25例患者用腓骨瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损。手术采取血管吻合、坚固内固定方法恢复下颌骨形态及完整性。其中22例患者为单纯腓骨瓣移植,3例患者为携带肌皮瓣或皮瓣的腓骨瓣移植,3例患者还同期植入种植体共5枚。结果:25例患者平均随访917个月,成功率为96%。3个患者的5枚种植体均达到良好的骨整合效果,并已行上部义齿的修复。62% 的患者可正常进食,余38%的患者可进软食。96%的患者面部外形的恢复达满意或较为满意。所有患者均能正常行走,无1例出现踝关节不稳定。结论:带血管蒂的游离腓骨组织瓣具有众多其它自体骨组织瓣不可比拟的优点, 是下颌骨缺损修复重建的最佳方法之一。     

Near-total mandible reconstruction with a single fibula flap containing fibrous dysplasia in McCune Albright Syndrome

We present the case of an 18-year-old girl with McCune Albright Syndrome (MAS) and a near total mandibular defect reconstructed with a free fibula flap. There are three reports of mandibular reconstruction in a patient with MAS using the free fibula flap; however this case is unique for two reasons. One, the continuity defect in our patient was much larger than previously reported, representing nearly the entire length of the mandible (21 cm) and required the entire harvestable length of the fibula. Two, the progression of the patient's disease limited options for reconstruction and dictated the use of a fibula with small dysplastic changes.     

Placement of implants in the mandible reconstructed with free vascularized fibula flap: comparison of 2 cases

The reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects after tumor resection with free vascularized bone flaps is considered to be a treatment option. Although the fibula flap presents many advantages, it does not offer sufficient bone height to restore the alveolar arch when reconstruction involves a dentate mandible. In this report, 2 patients who were referred to our clinic with reconstructed mandibles with diagnosis of amelablastoma are presented and compared. The mandibles of these patients were reconstructed with free vascularized fibula flaps. Whereas one of the reconstructed mandibles was vertically distracted before implant placement, distraction procedure was not carried out for the other patient. Increasing height of the fibula flap by distraction osteogenesis before implant placement in dentate mandible is desirable from a functional and esthetic point of view.     

Free fibular flap vascular pedicle calcification

Osseous free flaps are major reconstruction choices of the segmental mandibular defects. However, etiology of defects in mandible is variable; tumor-related surgery, trauma, radiation, or congenital anomalies are the most common causes. The advent of microvascular surgery has achieved the reconstruction of complex mandibular defects. The options for bony free-tissue transfer for mandibular reconstruction primarily depend on the fibula, iliac, scapula, and radius bone. The free fibular flap continues to be first choice in the reconstruction of mandibular defects because of its advantages. In this report, rare complication of vascular pedicle calcification after mandibular reconstruction with free fibular flap is presented.     

游离腓骨肌(皮)瓣修复下颌骨缺损的临床研究

目的:总结应用游离腓骨肌(皮)瓣修复下颌骨缺损的经验。方法:根据32例患者下颌骨缺损的部位和特征,对腓骨肌瓣进行塑形,重建钛板固定,恢复下颌骨的形态和功能。结果:31例腓骨肌(皮)瓣修复下颌骨缺损患者获得成功,1例失败。结论:游离腓骨肌(皮)瓣是修复下颌骨缺损的一种理想方法。     

Three-dimensional virtual technology in reconstruction of mandibular defect including condyle using double-barrel vascularized fibula flap

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the reconstruction of mandibular defects including the condyle using a double-barrel vascularized fibula flap aided by three-dimensional virtual technology.MethodsTen patients with the type H mandibular defects, who had undergone mandibular reconstruction using a double-barrel vascularized fibula flap, were reviewed for this study. Prior to the surgery, the patients CT scan data were analyzed virtually using SimPlant Pro? software (version 11.04). The simulation allowed construction of an individual mandibular model serving to guide the clinical operation.ResultsThe preoperative virtual surgery greatly benefitted the actual surgery. The vertical height of the neomandible and facial contour were precisely predicted. Some minor complications were encountered. Postoperative three-dimensional reconstruction revealed a close match with the simulated condyle.ConclusionA double-barrel vascularized fibula flap can provide sufficient bone, both in length and vertical height, for the reconstruction of a type H mandibular condylar defect. Combined virtual three-dimensional reconstruction and rapid prototyping can improve postoperative outcomes in mandibular reconstruction.     

腓骨肌皮瓣加种植体植入对颌面部软硬组织缺损的功能重建

目的:总结应用腓骨肌皮瓣游离移植对颌面部软硬组织缺损的功能重建的临床经验。方法:自2007～2011年7月,我科应用腓骨肌皮瓣一期修复下颌骨及周围软组织缺损11例,其中男性8例,女性3例,年龄33～67岁,其中左下颌牙龈鳞癌4例,右下颌牙龈鳞癌2例,右舌下腺腺样囊性癌1例,右口底鳞癌2例,左下颌黏液表皮样癌1例,成釉细胞瘤1例。其中磨牙后区粘液表皮样癌和成釉细胞瘤2例进行即刻种植。受区血管均为同侧,组织瓣均吻合1根动脉、2根静脉。动脉选用颈外动脉分支,静脉选用面总静脉、颈前静脉或颈外静脉,所有动静脉吻合均采用端端吻合法。分析皮岛的设计、大小、修复部位、存活情况等。结果:本组游离腓骨肌皮瓣11例全部成活,均携带1块皮岛,由一个穿支供养,皮岛最大6cm×4cm,最小3cm×2cm,皮岛均用于口内软组织缺损修复,2例即刻种植植入种植体6颗。术后面部外形、功能及咬合关系良好。语音功能基本正常。下肢功能在术后3～6个月恢复正常。结论:腓骨瓣的骨量充足,具有骨膜和骨髓双重血供,血运丰富,抗感染能力强,移植后易于成活。可根据需要做多段截骨塑形从而更加准确的恢复颌骨牙槽突形态。操作过程中远离头颈部,可以双组同时手术。腓骨的高度和宽度以及皮质骨的厚度也十分适合牙种植体的植入。游离腓骨瓣的皮岛不仅可用于口内外的软组织缺损修复,还可作为术后血供的观察窗。腓骨肌皮瓣在修复颌面部软硬组织缺损中具有血供安全可靠,塑形灵活,模拟外形准确,利于监测,并发症少等优点,是能够同时兼顾颌骨缺损及周围软组织缺损修复重建的理想方法。     

Stereomodel-assisted fibula flap harvest and mandibular reconstruction.

PURPOSE: To describe a method for stereomodel-assisted fibula flap harvest and mandibular reconstruction utilizing multiple fibula bony segments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stereomodels of the mandible and the fibula were obtained from computed tomography scan data. The length of fibula to be harvested was predetermined by measurement of the stimulated of existing mandibular defect on the mandibular stereomodel. A titanium reconstruction plate was shaped to fit the original mandibular contour. The stereomodel fibula was divided into multiple segments and the segments were placed on the mandibular stereomodel in the ideal edentulous position against the upper dentition and simulate the angular contour of the mandible for best comesis. The predetermined bony segments were measured and the system was then transferred to the patient in the operation theater using acrylic locating splints. RESULTS: Experience with 8 patients (2 primary and 2 secondary reconstructions) indicated that a good clinical outcome in terms of mandibular contour and positions of the reconstructed segment was possible. The outer facial appearance and symmetry were consistently excellent and no instability or malposition of the graft segments was encountered. CONCLUSION: Stereomodel-assisted fibula flap harvest and insertion is a worthwhile attempt at improving the results of mandibular reconstruction and deserves further attention.     

数字化外科技术在下颌骨缺损重建中的应用

下颌骨是面下1/3主要的骨性支架,由于肿瘤切除、炎症及外伤等原因导致的下颌骨缺损,严重影响患者的外形与功能.以腓骨瓣为代表的血管化游离骨组织瓣是目前修复下颌骨缺损的主要方法.传统的下颌骨重建手术,主要依赖术者经验进行,缺乏个性化的术前设计与精确的术中引导,难以达到精确重建的目标.近年来,虚拟设计、快速成型、手术导航等数字化技术已广泛应用于下颌骨缺损的重建手术中:术前在数字化软件中对下颌骨肿瘤的切除及下颌骨缺损的重建手术进行精确的个性化设计;术中使用手术导板或手术导航技术辅助将术前设计转化为现实.许多研究结果表明,应用数字化外科技术,可显著提高下颌骨缺损重建的临床治疗效果.本文将结合近年来国内外文献报道及作者课题组临床实践经验,对数字化外科技术在下颌骨缺损重建中的应用进行归纳与总结.     

Misdiagnosed widespread eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible

Eosinophilic granuloma is the most common expression of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and corresponds with typical bone lesions. Early clinical signs can occur in the mandible and can cause extensive destruction of the periodontal tissues. Pathologic fracture is an unusual finding. A case of misdiagnosed eosinophilic granuloma in a 45-year-old man treated with free fibula flap and implant-supported overdenture prosthesis is reported. Free fibula flap with dental implants is a safe and reliable method for comprehensive functional and aesthetic mandibular defect reconstruction.     

Development of a novel resection and cutting guide for mandibular reconstruction using free fibula flap

Introduction

The authors developed a semi-standardised resection and cutting guide for mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap based on data of mandible sizes and angles.

超声检查在腓骨肌(皮)瓣修复下颌骨缺损中的作用

目的　研究超声检测技术在腓骨肌 (皮 )瓣修复下颌骨缺损过程中的作用。方法　 9例腓骨肌 (皮 )瓣修复下颌骨缺损的病例 ,术前彩超检查以确定腓动脉是否单独存在 ,带皮瓣修复者 ,将腓动脉皮支体表定位。单纯腓骨瓣转移者 ,术后超声多普勒听诊仪检测移植瓣动脉的血流情况。结果　 9例腓动脉均单独存在 ,术后腓骨瓣及所带皮瓣全部存活。彩超检查确定腓动脉皮支的位置及数量 ,便于所带皮瓣的术前设计和术中操作 ;超声多普勒听诊检查结果准确地反映了移植瓣动脉的血流状态。结论　超声检查在腓骨肌 (皮 )瓣修复下颌骨缺损术前观察腓血管的结构 ,术后监测组织瓣的存活性方面有重要意义     

Vertical distraction osteogenesis of fibula transplant for mandibular reconstruction: a case report

Bone continuity defects in the mandible are caused by tumor surgery, trauma, infection, or osteoradionecrosis. Today, reconstruction of long-span mandibular defects with a free fibular flap is a routine procedure. However the bone height of the mandible after reconstruction is about half that of the dentulous mandible. Therefore, the deficiency in bone height makes implant placement impractical. In our case, because it was necessary to restore the mandibular height, a vertical distraction osteogenesis was performed on the grafted mandible of the patient who was referred to our clinic with a reconstructed mandible owing to a gunshot injury. As a result, the vertical discrepancy between the fibula and the native hemimandible of the patient was corrected. And the placement of dental implants was performed without any complications. In conclusion, we believe that the vertical distraction osteogenesis of free vascularized fibula flaps is a reliable technique that optimizes implant positioning for ideal prosthetic rehabilitation.     

血管化腓骨组织瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损

目的:探讨血管化腓骨修复各型下颌骨缺损的可行性。方法:对14例因各种原因所致下颌骨缺损患者采用血管化游离腓骨瓣同期移植修复。结果:骨瓣存活成功率100%;下颌骨形状和功能恢复良好。术后3个月摄片示移植骨无吸收,骨段愈合良好。面部外形恢复均达到满意或较为满意。所有患者均能正常行走,无1例出现踝关节不稳定。结论:游离腓骨瓣血供良好,骨量充足,可塑性强,特别是对全下颌骨缺损的修复,具有目前临床常用的其他自体骨组织瓣不可比拟的优点,是下颌骨缺损修复重建的最佳方法之一。     

腓骨肌(皮)瓣一期修复下颌骨缺损

目的：总结应用腓骨肌（皮）瓣一期修复下颌骨缺损的经验.方法：根据7例患者下颌骨缺损的部位和特征,对其腓骨进行截骨和塑形,以恢复其下颌骨的形态和功能,并以大钛板进行坚固内固定.结果：7例以腓骨肌（皮）瓣修复下颌骨缺损患者全部成功,伤口愈合良好.结论：腓骨肌（皮）瓣可根据下颌骨缺损的部位和形态进行截骨和塑形,是用来修复下颌骨缺损的一种理想的方法.