广西马山县壮族中小学生头发中9种元素的含量

目的确定广西马山壮族中小学生头发中9种人体必需元素含量的正常值。方法用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪,检测了来自马山县的1093名7～16岁中小学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种人体必需元素的含量,并用SPSS统计软件做了统计分析。结果广西马山壮族中小学生头发中,①镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种人体必需元素的含量没有性别差异;②铁与年龄呈负相关,但镍、硒、钴、铬、锌、钙、铜、镁的含量年龄没有相关关系;③制订了镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁9种元素的头发含量的的正常值范围。结论广西马山县中学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁含量没有明显的性别差异;发铁的含量随年龄增大而减少。     

广西三江县侗族青少年头发中9种元素的含量

目的　确定广西三江县侗族青少年头发中 9种人体必需元素含量的正常值。方法　用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪 ,检测了来自三江县的 993名 7～ 16岁中小学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜和镁 9种人体必需元素的含量 ,并用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果　广西三江县侗族中小学生头发中 ,镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜和镁 9种人体必需元素的含量没有性别差异 ;硒、铬、铁、锌、钙和铜与年龄呈负相关 ;制订了镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、铜、镁 9种元素的头发含量的正常值范围。结论　广西三江县中学生头发中硒、铬、铁、锌、钙和铜含量有明显年龄差异 ,而镍、钴和镁却没有年龄差异。     

胚胎肝脑微量元素测定

本文采用火焰原子吸收法测定4—7个月胎儿肝和脑组织中的铁、铜、锌、镁、钴五种微量元素的含量,其结果表明铁和铜在5—7个月胚胎肝和脑组织中总体含量有显著性差异(P<0.01)。肝脏中各元素含量依次为铜、铁、钴、锌、镁,脑组织中依次为钴、铁、锌、铜、镁。     

抗癌中药中微量元素与抗癌活性的相关性

对七十余种抗癌中药中微量元素含量特点进行综合分析,发现其中的菊科药物铁、铜含量高,百合科药物铬含量高;动物药中的铁、锌、铜、钼含量比植物药高;硒含量高的药物以补益潜阳的药物居多,铬含量较高的药物中,清热解毒的药物相对较多。抗癌中草药中的铁、锌、铜、钼、硒等元素含量与其抗癌活性呈一定的量效关系;镍在一些抗癌中药药物中的含量比较高,镍与抗癌性的内在联系有待进一步研究。     

微量元素与免疫

微量元素虽不足人体体重的1%,但对人体正常生命活动起重要作用。目前已知人体所必需的微量元素有14种之多,如铁、锌、铜、铬、锰、钼、钴、锡、镍、钒、碘、硒、硅及氟等。随着对微量元素和免疫的深入研究,发现有不少微量元素影响人或动物免疫系统,本文叙述锌、铜、铁、硒及碘等微量元素对免疫的作用。     

脐带血血清中六种微量元素含量的研究

本对100例健康胎儿脐带血血清中六种微量元素（锌，铁，铜，钙，镁，锰）含量进行了测定，结果提示，所测的六种元素含量在男，田性胎儿之间似无明显差异（P＞0．05），与成人比较，胎儿的锌，铁，锰含量高于成人，铜，钙含量低于成人，镁含量与成人相近。     

儿童幽门螺杆菌感染与体内钙、铁、锌、镁、铜含量的关系

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori,HP）感染对儿童全血中钙、铁、锌、镁、铜含量的影响。方法应用酶联免疫法对有上消化道症状的患儿进行血清HP抗体测定及火焰原子吸收光谱法检测全血中钙、铁、锌、镁、铜含量,以χ2分析HP感染者与非感染者全血中钙、铁、锌、镁、铜含量的差异。结果HP感染患儿全血锌、全血铁含量明显低于非感染者。差异有显著意义。结论幽门螺杆菌可引起儿童血锌、铁含量降低,及时给予治疗,纠正锌、铁的不足,保证儿童锌、铁营养对儿童生长发育具有重要意义。     

广西环江县毛南族老年女性头发中钙等6种元素的含量

目的了解广西环江县毛南族老年女性头发中6种元素的含量。方法采用原子吸收光谱法检测132例毛南族老年女性头发中钙、锌、锰、铜、铝、锶6种元素的含量,并用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果①钙、锌、锰、铜、铝、锶6种元素的含量(μg/g)的平均值分别为:608.08±190.92、126.28±21.27、4.69±2.10、10.64±2.09、25.05±12.81、2.71±1.71。②钙、锌、铜的含量随年龄增长而下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),锰、铝、锶元素的含量各年龄组间,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论环江毛南族老年女性头发中钙、锌、铜元素含量有明显的年龄差异,锰、铝、锶元素的含量无年龄差异。     

中孕胎儿6脏器组织10种元素的分布特点

我们测定了75例正常、4例畸形中孕胎儿肝、肺、脑、心脏、胸腺和骨骼中铁、铜、锌、钙、锰、硒、钴、铝、铬和锂10种元素的含量，现简要分析各元素分布特点。各脏器组织10种元素检测方法和检测结果见前文。     

钙、锌、镁、铜、铁元素与维吾尔族孕妇子痫前期发生的关系

目的探讨维吾尔族子痫前期患者血清微量元素锌、铜、铁、锰的变化,指导子痫前期的预防及临床治疗。方法用日立7600型自动生化分析仪及罗氏自动生化分析仪测定子痫前期轻度孕妇血清维吾尔族、汉族各30例,新生儿脐血清维吾尔族、汉族各30例。子痫前期重度患者血维吾尔族、汉族各36例,新生儿脐血清维吾尔族、汉族各36例的钙、镁、锌、铁、铜含量并进行对照研究。结果子痫前期轻度汉族母血清铁、钙、镁含量高于维吾尔族,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,汉族铜低于维吾尔族,锌高于维吾尔族,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;子痫前期重度组汉族母血清钙、镁、锌含量高于维吾尔族,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,汉族铁高于维吾尔族,铜低于维吾尔族,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论维吾尔族与汉族患者微量元素锌、铜、钙、镁的含量有差异且与子痫前期的发生及病情发展有一定的相关性。可能由于生活习惯以及信仰习俗不同,饮食习惯存在差异,而导致血清微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁含量的差异,这与维吾尔族子痫前期的患病率高于汉族有一定的关系。     

Metal requirements of Legionella pneumophila.

Serial passage of six strains of Legionella pneumophila and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a liquid chemically defined medium deficient in trace metals resulted in the death of five L. pneumophila strains and very limited growth in the remaining strain and the P. aeruginosa strain. Addition of either iron or magnesium restored growth to almost normal levels in all of the strains when early-passage inocula were used. A low concentration of magnesium stimulated growth with cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, or zinc. When a complete defined medium containing trace metals was used, growth was inhibited by adding the chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate, or 2,2'-bipyridyl. Chelator inhibition was partly or fully relieved with either calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, or zinc. P. aeruginosa differed from L. pneumophila in that it required higher concentrations of each chelator to inhibit growth and that its growth was stimulated by only four metals: calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. A trace-metal supplement for L. pneumophila was designed which included all metals stimulating growth in these experiments and which proved to be sufficient for optimal growth of all the strains.     

ICP-MS测定全血8种微量元素的方法学建立与性能评价

目的 建立使用NexION300Q系列电感耦合等离子体质谱仪直接测定全血中钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、铅、硒和锰的分析方法,并验证和评价其方法学性能。方法 选取2018年1月~2月在绵阳市中心医院就诊的需检测微量元素的患者共524例,采集空腹静脉血1~2 ml,采用0.50%TritonX-100和0.50%HN03对血样稀释50倍离心后直接用等离子体质谱仪进行分析。参照美国临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）的相关文件,对钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、铅、硒和锰的检测低限、精密度和正确度进行验证,其结果与卫生部临检中心公认的质量目标进行比较。结果 该方法各元素的标准曲线的相关系数均＞0.99,各元素的检测低限均＜6.90%,重复精密度均＜3.09%,期间精密度均＜6.68%,钙、镁、铜、锌、铁和铅的正确度在5.70%以内。结论 用ICP-MS同时测定稀释后全血中钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、铅、硒和锰的方法学性能满意,结果可靠,可以满足临床要求。     

Interference stimulated by tick-borne encephalitis virus: influence of divalent cations.

The effects of divalent cations (barium, cobalt, calcium, copper, magnesium, zinc and iron) on the interference of tick-borne encephalitis (TE) virus with vaccinia virus in Detroit-6 cell cultures were investigated. An increase in interference was shown in the presence of cobalt, zinc, copper, and magnesium. Barium and iron displayed a marked inhibitory action. But an increase in interference was not parallel with an increased production of interferon.     

邯郸及周边地区孕妇妊娠各期五种微量元素分布特征

目的探讨本地区孕妇妊娠各期全血铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）5种微量元素的含量水平及其变化规律,为妊娠期微量元素的摄入与补充提供依据。方法按孕周将557例孕妇分为早、中、晚孕3个组,138例健康未孕育龄妇女为对照组;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定孕妇组和对照组妇女全血5种微量元素浓度水平,对数据统计处理并进行对照研究。结果早、中、晚孕三组cu元素和Ca元素浓度水平显著高于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Cu元素和Ca元素浓度水平在早、中、晚孕三组间比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;早孕组Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素浓度水平高于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;中孕组zn和Mg元素浓度水平低于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,中孕组Fe元素浓度水平与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;晚孕组Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素浓度水平低于对照组。差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Zn、Mg、Fe三种元素在早、中、晚孕三组间比较,浓度水平随孕周的增加而降低,差别有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论孕妇是微量元素缺乏的高危人群,要加强孕期及围产期微量元素的均衡摄入。通过其微量元素测定结果给予必要的补充,以保证母体和胎儿双方的需求。     

Content of trace elements in serum of patients with carcinoma of the larynx

An examination of the content of arsenic, nickel, copper, selenium, zinc, and iron in the serum of 78 patients with carcinoma of the larynx was carried out. The patients were divided into 4 groups: I - patients before treatment, II - patients after surgical treatment, III - patients after radiotherapy, IV - patients after combined treatment (surgery treatment + radiotherapy). The control group was formed of 17 patients operated for deviation of the nasal septum. Higher concentrations of arsenic, nickel and copper were found in the serum of the patients with carcinoma of the larynx before treatment (group I) as compared with the control group, whereas the concentrations of selenium, zinc and iron were lower. In the groups of patients after treatment, the highest concentrations of iron and zinc were found after surgical treatment. The level of selenium in all groups of patients was considerably lower than in the control group.     

Metal deposition in post-surgical granulomas of the urinary tract

Fourteen cases of post-surgical granulomatous inflammation of the urinary tract were studied to investigate the possible deposition in the tissues of metals derived from the diathermy instruments used. The granulomas showed central necrosis, palisaded histiocytes and giant cells. On electronmicroscopy both amorphous material and electrondense particles were seen in the granulomas. The former appeared to be necrotic tissue. The particles were metallic in nature. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays showed the presence of tungsten, iron, copper, nickel, chromium, zinc and vanadium. Tungsten particles were always pure. Other single particles contained two or more of the remaining elements, indicating the presence of alloy metals. Analysis of the diathermy instruments showed the cutting loops to be pure tungsten and the 'rollerballs' to be of nickel silver containing copper, zinc, nickel, manganese and iron. Both the loops and balls are supported on stainless steel wires containing iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, copper and vanadium. It is proposed that metallic fragments from the instruments were deposited in the tissues during the surgical procedures and elicited an immunological reaction with granuloma formation. Tungsten is probably inert but nickel, chromium, copper and zinc are immunogenic. Under certain circumstances both nickel and chromium may also be carcinogenic.     

Serum trace elements and myocardial infarction

The authors report trace elements concentrations (zinc, nickel, selenium, copper, manganese and chromium) during myocardial infarction described in some publication. Serum zinc decreases during the first two days after acute myocardial infarction and returns to normal level in two weeks. Serum nickel increases during the first 36 hours and copper during the first four days. The different explanations of these disturbances are also exposed.     

儿童厌食症与血硒、锌关系研究

目的探讨儿童厌食症与血硒、血锌关系。方法2006年9月～2007年7月门诊就诊,年龄1～7岁的50例厌食症儿童及50例健康儿童,采用终点法测血锌、血钙、血镁、血铁,电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法测定血硒,并对其结果进行比较,使用SPPS11.0统计分析处理数据。结果厌食症儿童的血硒、血锌水平低于健康儿童对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;血钙、镁、铁与健康儿童相比,差异无显著性（P〈0.01）。结论厌食症儿童与血清硒、锌含量密切相关,低血硒更易诱发儿童食欲不振。     

Towards bio monitoring of toxic (lead) and essential elements in whole blood from 1- to 72-month old children: a cross-sectional study

Objectives

Minerals such as zinc, copper, selenium, calcium, and magnesium are essential for normal human development and functioning of the body. They have been found to play important roles in immuno-physiologic functions. The study is to evaluate the distribution and correlation of nonessential (lead) and essential elements in whole blood from 1- to 72-month old children.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was performed in 1551 children. Six element concentrations, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) in the blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Distributions and correlations of trace elements in different age groups were analyzed and compared. A Pearson correlation controlled for age and gender was used to assess the relationship of non essential (lead) and essential elements.

Results

Levels of copper and magnesium were 18.09 ± 4.42 µmol/L and 1.42 ± 0.12 mmol/L, respectively. 6.04% of all children showed copper levels below the normal threshold, the levels of Magnesium were stable in different age groups. Though the overall mean blood zinc and iron concentrations (61.19 ± 11.30 µmol/L and 8.24 ± 0.59 mmol/L, respectively) gradually increased with age and the overall deficiency levels (24.1% and 36.0%, respectively) decreased with age, zinc and iron deficiencies were still very stable. Controlling for gender and age, significant positive correlations were found when comparing copper to zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron ((r = 0.333, 0.241, 0.417, 0.314 ,p < 0.01); zinc to magnesium and iron (r = 0.440, 0.497p < 0.01); and magnesium to Calcium and iron (r = 0.349, 0.645, p < 0.01). The overall mean blood lead levels (41.16 ± 16.10) were relatively unstable among different age groups. The prevalence of lead intoxication in all children was 1.3% .Calcium levels decreased gradually with age, with an overall concentration of 1.78 ± 0.13 mmol/L.

Conclusion

Significant negative correlations were also noted between Pb and Zn, Fe (r = −0.179, −0.124.p < 0.01) .The importance of calcium deficiency and supplementation is well realized, but the severity of iron and zinc deficiency is not well recorded. The degree of lead intoxication in all the children studied was low; The established reference intervals for Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg provide an important guidance for the reasonable supplementation of essential elements during different age groups.