半球后注射曲安奈德治疗Graves眼病的临床观察

目的评价用长效糖皮质激素曲安奈德治疗Graves眼病的临床效果。方法采用曲安奈德20 mg行患眼半球后注射,每月1次,4次为1个疗程,观察Grayes眼病阳性体征改变情况。结果治疗46例78 只眼,治疗前后平均眼球突出度分别为(20．2±2.3)mm和(16．6±1．5)mm,眼突出度明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。治疗前后平均睑裂宽度分别为(12．4±1.3)mm和(9．4±1．2)mm;睑裂宽度明显恢复(P<0．05)。大部分患者眼球运动及复视明显改善,畏光流泪、眼胀眼痛等症状得到明显改善或消除。结论半球后注射曲安奈德治疗Graves眼病安全简便,具有一定的疗效,并且克服了长期全身应用激素所造成的毒副作用。     

复方中药对慢性氟中毒大鼠氟骨症治疗效果的显微CT观察

目的 采用显微CT技术评价复方中药方剂对慢性氟中毒大鼠氟骨症的治疗效果.方法 断乳2周的纯系Wistar大鼠88只,体质量(91.1±10.0)g,按体质量采用随机数字表法分为对照组、中氟组、高氟组、高氟低钙低蛋白组,分别为16、24、24、24只大鼠.中氟组、高氟组、高氟低钙低蛋白组染氟剂量分别为50、100、100 mg/kg,高氟低钙低蛋白组饲料中蛋白质与钙的含量为中氟组和高氟组的1/2.染氟6个月后,每组采用股动脉放血法处死8只大鼠;3个染氟组剩余16只大鼠又分为两小组,一组为持续染氟对照组,另一组模拟氟中毒病区实际情况在持续染氟的基础上用复方中药进行治疗,每天每只大鼠按100 g体质量给药194 mg,每周灌服6d;分别于治疗前和治疗后30、60d收集大鼠24h尿样.大鼠连续灌服90 d,股动脉放血法处死大鼠,分离四肢骨.氟离子选择电极法检测大鼠尿氟;高温灰化-氟离子选择电极法检测骨氟;显微CT技术检测大鼠四肢骨的骨矿物质密度(BMD)、组织骨密度(TMD)、结构模型指数(SMI)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)、各向异性(a1/a3)、骨小梁连接密度(Conn.D)、骨小梁与全部骨组织体积比(BV/TV)、骨表面积与体积比(BS/BV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N).结果 复方中药治疗后60d,高氟低钙低蛋白治疗组尿氟[(11.01±3.67)mg/L]低于高氟低钙低蛋白对照组[(34.32±9.50)mg/L,t=3.13,P＜ 0.05].复方中药治疗后90d,高氟治疗组骨氟[(275.38±171.65) mg/kg]低于高氟对照组[(701.67±178.16)mg/kg,t=5.42,P＜ 0.05],高氟低钙低蛋白治疗组骨氟[(313.26±124.51)mg/kg]低于高氟低钙低蛋白对照组[(794.66±261.35) mg/kg,t=3.25,P＜0.05].复方中药治疗后90d,各组大鼠Tb.Th、Tb.Sp、a1/a3、Conn.D、BV/TV、BS/BV、Tb.N组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为2.785、2.681、3.039、27.231、2.595、2.854、5.050,P均＜0.05).其中中氟治疗组大鼠Tb.Th、Tb.Sp[(0.04±0.01)、(0.03±0.01)mm]高于中氟对照组[(0.02±0.00)、(0.02±0.00)mm,P均＜0.05],a1/a3、Conn.D、BV/TV、Tb.N[(0.77±0.61),(510.91±304.99)mm-3,(0.42±0.06),(13.58±2.48) mm-1]低于中氟对照组[(1.11±0.01),(2 403.69±124.02)mm-3,(0.46±0.03),(18.12±0.69)mm-1,P均＜0.05];高氟治疗组大鼠BV/TV(0.44±0.04)低于高氟对照组(0.49±0.00,P＜0.05),Tb.Th[(0.04±0.01)mm]高于高氟对照组[(0.03±0.00)mm,P＜ 0.05].结论 复方中药对大鼠氟骨症存在一定的治疗效果.     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉易损斑块和脑缺血事件的影响:前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者颈动脉易损斑块和脑缺血事件的影响.方法 前瞻性纳入存在颈动脉易损斑块的TIA患者,随机分为瑞舒伐他汀常规剂量组和大剂量组,前者在常规治疗基础上加服瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d,后者在常规治疗基础上加服瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d.随访6个月.治疗前后检测血脂,颈部血管超声检测颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)、斑块面积和Crouse斑块积分.比较治疗后6个月内的脑缺血事件发生率.结果 共纳入71例患者,常规剂量组35例,大剂量组36例,常规剂量组和大剂量组分别失访2例和1例.大剂量组基线总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)[(5.65±1.05)mmol/L对(5.46±0.87) mmol/L;t=0.812,P=0.419]、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)[(2.85±0.74) mmol/L对(2.95±0.86) mmol/L;=0.513,P=0.609]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)[(4.11±0.47) mmol/L对(4.08±0.33) mmol/L;t =0.304,P=0.761]和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)[(1.27±0.22) mmol/L对(1.23±0.20) mmol/L;t=1.339,P=0.185]与常规剂量组差异无统计学意义;治疗后,大剂量组TC[(3.06±0.77) mmol/L对(4.98±0.78) mmol/L;t=10.214,P＜0.001]、TG[(2.15±0.56) mmol/L对(2.52±0.68) mmol/L;t=2.492,P=0.015]和LDL-C[(2.18±0.59) mmol/L对(3.86±0.42) mmol/L;t 13.526,P＜0.001]显著低于后组,而HDL-C[(1.43±0.20) mmol/L对(1.33±0.21) mmol/L;=2.010,P=0.048]显著高于常规剂量组.大剂量组基线IMT[(1.59±0.26)mm对(1.58±0.28)mm;t =0.152,P=0.879]、斑块面积[(0.87±0.29)mm2对(0.85±0.34)mm2;t=0.261,P=0.749]和Crouse积分[(4.26±0.31)mm对(4.18±0.25)mm;t1.171,P=0.245]与常规剂量组差异无统计学意义;治疗后大剂量组IMT[(1.26±0.25)mm对(1.44±0.27)mm;t=2.852,P=0.005]、斑块面积[(0.50±0.25) mm2对(0.70±0.25)mm2;t=3.298,P=0.001]和Crouse积分[(2.30±0.26)mm对(4.03±0.24) mm;t =28.509,P＜0.001]均较常规剂量组显著降低.大剂量组脑缺血事件发生率显著低于常规剂量组(11.76％对29.41％x2=3.202,P=0.001).结论 瑞舒伐他汀具有显著的降脂作用,能消除或稳定颈动脉易损斑块,减少缺血性卒中事件,瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d的作用优于10 mg/d.     

甲状腺功能亢进性Graves眼病患者综合护理干预研究

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)性Graves眼病患者综合护理干预对改善临床疗效及生活质量状况效果。方法选取确诊甲亢性Graves眼病患者83例,随机分为干预组(39例)和对照组(44例)。在131I联合云克规范治疗基础上,对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予综合护理干预。结果经Wilcoxon秩和检验,两组临床疗效、治疗依从性差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),经重复测量数据方差分析,两组焦虑自评量表(SAS)得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合护理干预可有效改善甲亢性Graves眼病患者临床疗效及生活质量状况。     

急性肺血栓栓塞症患者左心室结构与功能的改变

目的 应用前后对照设计评价溶栓治疗以及肝素抗凝治疗是否可以有效改善急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)引起的左心室结构与功能改变.方法 收集2006年1月至2011年6月北京安贞医院急诊重症监护病房的住院急性PTE患者71例,其中男36例,女35例,平均年龄(64±13)岁;分为溶栓治疗组(37例)和肝素抗凝治疗组(34例).溶栓组患者治疗前及溶栓结束后24h内分别完成经胸多普勒超声心动评价,肝素抗凝组治疗前及肝素抗凝治疗5～7d后,均行多普勒超声心动图检查.同期收集来自同一医院体检中心的健康体检者51名,设为对照组,其中男29名,女22名,平均年龄(61±9)岁.经胸多普勒超声测量左心室舒张末期与收缩末期内径,计算左心室射血分数;测量左心室舒张早期(E)和左心房收缩期(A)二尖瓣前向血流速度,并应用E/A比值反映舒张早期与心房收缩期血流对左心室舒张充盈的相对贡献.结果 急性PTE患者治疗前,左心室舒张末期内径[(42±5) mm]显著低于对照组[(46±5)mm,t=3.629,P＜0.01],左心室舒张期E峰流速及E/A比值(0.8±0.3)显著低于对照组(1.2±0.3,t值分别为5.296,6.510,P＜0.01),A峰流速显著高于对照组(t =3.065,P＜0.05).与治疗前相比,治疗后PTE患者左心室舒张末期[(46±5)mm]与收缩末期内径[(30±6) mm]均明显增加(t值分别为5.284,3.983,P＜0.01),左心室舒张期E峰流速及E/A比值显著改善(t值分别为3.452,2.604,P＜0.05).两治疗组分别与治疗前比较结果显示,患者左心室舒张末期内径(t值分别为4.145,3.269)与收缩末期内径(t值分别为2.896,2.761)均明显增加(均P＜0.05),左心室舒张期E峰流速均显著提高(t值分别为2.505,2.492,均P＜0.05).治疗后PTE患者左心室舒张期E峰流速以及E/A比值仍显著低于健康对照(t值分别为2.615,3.837,均P＜0.01),A峰流速仍高于健康对照者(t=3.290,P＜0.01).结论 有效的溶栓治疗或肝素抗凝治疗可以改善急性PTE患者左心室功能.     

61例中重度Graves眼病临床疗效观察

目的探讨糖皮质激素或放射治疗对Graves眼病的治疗作用。方法对1985年12月~2005年12月收治的61例中、重度Graves眼病患者进行回顾性分析,糖皮质激素治疗组15例,眼眶放射治疗组16例,糖皮质激素加眼眶放射联合治疗组30例。结果各组治疗前后眼球突出均有明显变化(P<0.05),以激素加放射治疗组变化更为明显。放射治疗组、糖皮质激素组及激素加放射治疗组的有效率分别为62.5%、69%、90%。激素加放射治疗组与其它两组比较,有效率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论对活动期中、重度Graves眼病放射治疗加激素联合治疗是一种比单独治疗更为有效的方案。     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血清纤维化指标观察

目的 观察自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和透明质酸(HA)水平.探讨其临床意义.方法 按甲状腺功能将114例AITD患者分为3组:①Graves病甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)组(38例),②桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺功能低下(简称甲低)组(35例),③桥本甲状腺炎亚临床甲状腺功能低下(简称哑甲低)组(41例),另设40例健康人作为对照组.用免疫化学发光法检测以上各组人群血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4),超敏促甲状腺激素(sTSH)水平.用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清PCⅢ水平,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测血清HA水平.结果 甲亢组血清FT3,FT4水平[(18.35±6.19),(76.28±23.49)pmol/L]明显高于对照组[(4.75±0.31),(16.12±3.27)pmol/L],sTSH水平[(0.15±0.07)mU/L]明显低于对照组[(3.78±0.15)mU/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),甲低组FT3,FT4水平[(3.36±0.26),(6.37±2.19)pmol/L]均低于对照组(P＜0.05),sTSH[(44.58±13.29)mU/L]明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),亚甲低组FT3,FT4水平[(4.86±0.45),(15.26±2.78)pmol/L]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),sTSH[(14.26±4.73)mU/L]明显高丁对照组(P＜0.01).甲亢组血清PCⅢ水平[(4.63±1.22)μg/L]明显高于甲低组[(3.64±1.12)μg/L],亚甲低组[(3.54±1.17)μg/L],对照组[(3.56±1.07)μg/L],组问两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而甲低组,哑甲低组,对照组PCⅢ水平任意两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),甲低组血清HA水平[(31.13±10.28)μg/L]高于甲亢组[(22.24±7.22)μg/L],亚甲低组[(22.43 4-7.99)μg/L]和对照组[(23.09±9.19)μg/L],组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而甲低组,亚甲低组,对照组HA水平任意两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在排除肝纤维化等病变的情况下,检测甲亢患者血清PCⅢ,对了解早期的心肌纤维化有重要意义,对病程较长的甲亢患者,血清HA,PCⅢ的榆测可作为早期发现肝损伤和纤维化的参考依据.     

二甲双胍在高海拔地区糖尿病治疗中的安全性研究

高海拔地区初诊糖尿病患者61例,个体化治疗基础上全部加用二甲双胍1.5g/d治疗14 d.平均海拔2 260米和2 780米两地区(海拔差580米),氧分压相差3.5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),初发糖尿病患者在治疗前血乳酸水平即高于正常值.高海拔地区中青年组及老年组治疗前血乳酸水平均较高[(3.90±0.85对3.65±0.70)、(4.67±0.80对3.69±0.78)mmol/L,均P＜0.05],中青年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平未显著上升[(4.50±0.50和3.79±0.62)mmol/L,P＞0.05],老年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平明显上升[(5.59±0.55和5.27±0.43)mmol/L,P＜0.05].因此,在高原地区的老年糖尿病患者应慎用或避免使用二甲双胍.     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血清瘦素水平观察

目的 观察自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)中Graves病(GD)和桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)患者血清瘦素水平,探讨瘦素在AITD发病机制中的免疫学作用.方法 102例体质量指数(BMI)和年龄等因素相匹配的女性AITD初诊患者,根据临床表现及实验室检查结果分为3组:GD甲亢组,HT甲低组,亚甲低组,另设性别、年龄、BMI匹配的对照组.免疫化学发光法检测血清FT3、FT4、sTSH,ELISA法检测血清瘦素水平.结果 GD甲亢组血清FT3、FT4水平[(19.74±15.39)、(78.25±58.68)pmol/L]明显高于对照组[(4.87±0.25)、(15.96±3.15)pmol/L],而sTSH[(0.15±0.08)mU/L]和瘦素水平[(8.73±1.92)μg/L]明显低于对照组[(3.81±0.19)mU/L、(12.38±3.51)μg/L].组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01或＜0.05).而HT甲低组兀FT3、FT4水平[(3.36±0.26)、(6.95±3.29)pmol/L]均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),而sTSH[45.48±35.83)mU/L]和瘦素水平[(17.17±3.82)μg/L]明显高于对照组(P＜0.01或＜0.05).亚甲低组FT3、FT4水平[(4.67±0.60)、(14.87±2.14)pmol/L]与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而sTSH[(13.67土8.66)mU/L]和瘦素水平[(16.25±3.67)μg/L]均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 瘦素在AITD发病机制中可能具有一定的免疫调节作用,而AITD患者瘦素水平也可能受sTSH影响.     

肾素-血管紧张素系统阻断剂对老年高血压异位心律的作用研究

目的 观察肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)阻断剂对室性或室上性异位心律的影响及作用.方法 将209例老年高血压患者随机分为RAS阻断剂组(n=111)和常规治疗组(n=98).两组均接受常规抗心律失常治疗;RAS阻断剂组联合RAS阻断剂血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂.治疗前后24h动态心电图监测室性早搏(premature ventricular contractions,PVC)频率、室上性早搏(premature supraventricular contractions,PSVC)频率、短阵室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT)阵数或室上性心动过速(supraventricular tachycardia,SVT)阵数,比较治疗前后异位心律的频率.结果 治疗后常规治疗组与RAS阻断剂组24 h PVC频率均降低,常规治疗组[(6159.04±1435.00)vs(3979.25±1205.37),P＜0.05];RAS阻断剂组[(6479.55±1344.21)vs (3123.52±1876.19),P＜0.05].VT阵数也有所下降,常规治疗组[(17.85±3.98)vs(13.12 ±8.4),P＜0.05];RAS 阻断剂组[(19.44±8.18)vs(7.69±3.07),P＜0.05].RAS阻断剂组和常规治疗组PVC频率和VT阵数变化率分别为[(61.70±24.96)％ vs(41.79±16.26)％,P＜0.05]和[(82.17±37.15)％ vs (43.12±83.32)％,P＜0.05].治疗后RAS阻断剂组24h PSVC频率[(378.66±112.44)vs(99.01±78.24),P＜0.05]和SVT阵数[(21.41±2.97)vs (8.92±4.30),P＜0.05)均减少.常规治疗组治疗后SVT阵数减少[(17.85±3.98)vs (13.36±5.17),P＜0.05),而24h PSVC频率轻度增加[(359.33±141.09)vs(396.95±192.1),P＞0.05].RAS阻断剂组和常规治疗组室上性异位心律变化率分别为[(66.60±40.22)％ vs(-8.72±16.23)％,P＜0.05]和[(46.48±16.23)％ vs (13.69±21.33)％,P＜0.05].RAS阻断剂组和常规治疗组治疗前后平均每小时异位心律频率均减少[(699.20±309.93) vs(211.05±139.22),P＜0.05]和[(708±203.77)vs(369.31±95.64),P＜0.05],RAS阻断剂组和常规治疗组变化率为[(59.15±22.03)％vs (22.77±23.64)％,P＜0.01].结论 RAS阻断剂对老年高血压患者室性及室上性异位心律有一定抑制作用.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

Open in a separate window     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

荣宝和氯硝柳胺灭螺效果比较及成本分析

目的 评价新型灭螺药物荣宝杀灭钉螺的效果,探讨其推广应用价值.方法 按目前推荐的荣宝灭螺剂量,喷洒法为30 g/m2,浸杀法为50 g/m3;氯硝柳胺喷洒法和浸杀法分别采用2 g/m2和2 g/m3杀螺剂量,分别在室内和现场进行灭螺试验,观察两种药物的灭螺效果并初步分析评估其成本.结果 在现场气温22～30℃条件下,荣宝50 g/m3浸杀3、5、7 d后,螺袋内钉螺校正死亡率均达到100.0%,与氯硝柳胺2 g/m3灭螺效果相似;荣宝30 g/m2剂量喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为54.5%、58.0%、69.0%、79.1%,氯硝柳胺喷洒组钉螺校正死亡率分别为61.0%、69.4%、76.7%、77.9%.在室温18℃条件下,荣宝以30 g/m2喷洒3、5、7、15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为72.9%、87.2%、91.5%、76.1%;而相应2 g/m2氯硝柳胺喷洒后的钉螺校正死亡率分别为81.3%、95.7%、97.9%、80.4%.同样完成1000 m2的喷洒灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.114元/m2;完成72 m3的浸杀灭螺任务,荣宝所需灭螺药物和人力资费成本比氯硝柳胺多支出0.127元/m3.50 g/m3荣宝浸杀灭螺剂量,对成鱼(＞250 g)的活力不会造成影响,但对鱼类幼苗仍具较强毒性.结论 荣宝与氯硝柳胺灭螺效果相似,由于其成本较高,氯硝柳胺仍然是目前首选灭螺药物,但荣宝的鱼类毒性低,可作为氯硝柳胺之外有益的补充灭螺药物.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

血清C-反应蛋白和红细胞分布宽度在AECOPD与稳定期的变化及意义

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重期入院、出院时血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与正常人的差异。方法分别检测健康老年组(年龄≥65岁)、COPD急性加重期患者入院、出院时CRP和RDW水平,比较组间各指标的差异。结果急性加重期患者入院、出院时CRP和RDW水平均高于健康老年组,入院时CRP水平高于出院时(P0.01),入院、出院时RDW水平无统计学差异。结论 CRP和RDW可一定程度评估COPD病情及反映病情变化。