玻璃体切割治疗Coats病导致视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的 观察玻璃体切割术对Coats病所致的渗出性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 10例(11眼)因Coats病导致渗出性视网膜脱离的患者行玻璃体切割、视网膜切开引流、硅油眼内填充术，术后随访5～20个月。结果 术后视网膜复位11眼(100％)，11眼均保持术前视力，有8眼术后视力有提高。结论 玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充能使Coats病引起渗出性视网膜脱离复位，提高或保存有用视力。     

玻璃体内注射曲安奈德治疗Coats病渗出性视网膜脱离

目的观察玻璃体内注射曲安奈德（TA）治疗Coats病渗出性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法12例（12只眼）经眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）和B超确定的Coats病引起的视网膜脱离患者接受玻璃体内注射40mS／1ml的TA0．1ml治疗，平均随访10．2个月，对比观察治疗前后患眼视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况。结果12只眼中10只眼视网膜复位，占83．3％，随访3个月2只眼因视网膜未完全复位，再次行玻璃体内注射TA；术后视力均有不同程度提高；2只眼眼压升高发生于用药后1周至2个月，经局部用B受体阻滞剂眼压控制正常；1只眼白内障发展。结论玻璃体内注射TA是治疗Coats病引起的渗出性视网膜脱离的有效手段。     

视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的初步观察

目的 观察视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的疗效.方法 前瞻性连续病例研究.21例伴有渗出性视网膜脱离的Coats病患者的21只眼纳入研究,其中,男性19例,女性2例,年龄2～18岁;部分视网膜脱离15只眼,属3A期,完全视网膜脱离6只眼,属3B期.所有患眼均接受视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗,3只眼辅助巩膜切开引流视网膜下液.经视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗后,4只眼针对残余异常血管再行视网膜光凝或冷冻手术.治疗后随访3～15个月,平均随访时间(7±3)个月.观察视力、眼压、眼位及眼球运动、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜及彩色眼底像,比较异常血管变化,视网膜下液及渗出的吸收情况等.以末次随访为疗效判定时间点.结果 治疗后眼压增高6只眼,均局部药物控制.随访结束时,视网膜复位19只眼,局限视网膜脱离1只眼,视网膜全脱离1只眼.视力提高3只眼,不变14只眼,下降2只眼.新发生斜视1只眼.新发生白内障或白内障加重4只眼.结论 视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病,可使大部分患者视网膜复位,视功能可以有效保存.     

玻璃体手术治疗儿童型晚期Coats病疗效观察

目的评估玻璃体手术结合眼内电凝、光凝治疗伴渗出性视网膜脱离的儿童型晚期Coats病的疗效。方法采用玻璃体切割、视网膜切开内引流、电凝、光凝及过氟化碳液体应用,治疗伴渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病18例（18只眼）,随访6—24个月（平均16月）。结果术后视网膜复位率100％。3例视力优于术前,余均保持术前视力,眼压控制于正常范围。结论本方法对多数晚期Coats病有效,可以使视网膜复位,维持现有视力和控制继发性青光眼。     

玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗晚期Coats病

目的：探讨玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病的临床治疗效果。方法：伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病患13例(13眼)进行玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗,其中并发性白内障同时行晶状体切除3眼。术后随访时间0．5～2a。观察术后视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况、视网膜血管改变及术后并发症。结果：术后3mo,13例患视网膜均复位,经FFA检查见异常扩张的血管逐渐闭塞和退缩;其中9眼最佳矫正视力均有不同程度提高,≥0．31眼,0．1～0．33眼,≤0．15眼;另有4眼术后视力没有明显变化。术后6和14mo时各有1例因血管渗漏致下方局限性渗出性视网膜脱离,经补行激光治疗后视网膜下液吸收,视网膜复位。结论：玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝是治疗伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病的最为安全有效的方法。     

57例经玻璃体手术治疗的渗出性视网膜脱离临床分析

目的 总结玻璃体手术治疗的渗出性视网膜脱离患者的病因、手术指征及术后效果.设计 回顾性病例系列.研究对象 57例经玻璃体手术治疗的渗出性视网膜脱离患者.方法 回顾性分析相应的临床资料.主要指标 病因、手术指征及术后效果.结果 57例(62眼)渗出性视网膜脱离中Coats病23例(45.2%),为引起渗出性视网膜脱离的主要病因;其次为家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变8例(12.9%)、葡萄膜炎7例(11.3%)、视网膜血管瘤7例(11.3%)、泡性视网膜脱离6例(9.7%)、眼内炎4例(6.5%)和视乳头小凹2例(3.2%).严重的渗出性视网膜脱离及并发增生性病变是进行玻璃体手术的指征.术后短期大部分患者可获有用视力;随访6个月以上者64.9%,渗出性视网膜脱离复发率为5.4%,大部分患者仍能保留有用的视力.结论 Coats病是引起渗出性视网膜脱离中需要采取玻璃体手术治疗的最主要原因.当渗出性视网膜脱离引起增生性病变、玻璃体积血或病变累及黄斑时是采取玻璃体手术的主要指征.手术可使大部分患者获得有用视力.(眼科,2008,17:52-55)     

晚期Coats病临床治疗探讨

目的　探讨晚期Coats病药物治疗和手术治疗的效果。方法　研究对象为1999年～2 0 0 4年间在我院经FFA确诊为晚期Coats病的患者共7例(7眼) ,平均年龄为14岁±5 . 8岁。7眼均有渗出性视网膜全脱离,3眼并发新生血管性青光眼。3例予以全身和局部激素以及活血化淤等药物治疗后,视网膜平复,行激光光凝术;另4眼予以玻璃体切割、视网膜切开、眼内激光光凝和硅油充填术。手术的4眼均未行硅油取出术。平均随访8 5个月。结果　药物治疗的3眼:在疗程的第12周～16周,视网膜下液逐渐吸收,2眼视网膜近完全平复,视力提高到0. 0 2以上。手术治疗的4眼:视网膜基本平复,视力无改善,术后周边视网膜均有增殖膜形成,其中并发新生血管性青光眼的3眼眼压均控制在10～15mmHg ,虹膜新生血管基本消退。结论　晚期Coats病的治疗需个体化方案。药物治疗和手术治疗均可减少视网膜下的渗出。玻璃体手术联合眼内光凝对并发新生血管性青光眼的Coats病的眼压控制有效,对视功能的恢复无益     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术时机、手术方法并评价其疗效.方法 选取2005年1月至2008年6月经玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的26例31只眼.单眼21例,双眼5例.自发病至手术时间为半个月至6个月.所有患者均给予无环鸟苷及糖皮质激素治疗,对于药物治疗病情无好转或就诊时已有严重的玻璃体混浊或已并发视网膜脱离患者,及时进行玻璃体切除手术.术中彻底切除混浊的玻璃体,包括用巩膜顶压法或在全视网膜镜下切除基底部玻璃体,对于视网膜表面的较厚渗出物用笛针仔细予以吸除,仔细剥离、切除视网膜前增殖膜,对于有视网膜脱离者注入重水压平视网膜,光凝封闭视网膜裂孔及坏死萎缩的视网膜区,气液交换后行C2F6、C3F8或硅油填充玻璃体腔.硅油填充眼视眼部情况择期行硅油取出术.观察炎症控制情况及视网膜复位、视力恢复情况.随访期为6个月至2年.结果 随访期间所有病例炎症均控制良好,单眼发病患者对侧眼未出现发病.25只眼(80.65%)视力有不同程度改善,其中18只眼视力≥0.1,占58.06%,最好视力为1.0.视网膜完全复位者28只眼,占90.32%;视网膜部分复位、硅油维持眼2只眼;低眼压、硅油维持眼1只眼.结论 对于急性视网膜坏死病情严重者,选择合适的手术时机、及时进行玻璃体切除手术治疗,可有效控制病情发展、挽救患者的视功能.     

无染色剂辅助的玻璃体联合手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的 观察无染色剂辅助下玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除（ILMP）及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效.方法 对2011年7月至2013年7月在我院就诊的一组高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离病变患者行玻璃体切除联合ILMP及硅油填充术的14例（14只眼）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.手术后随访1~6个月,观察手术后视力、视网膜复位情况及裂孔闭合形式.结果 黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜复位14只眼（100%）（其中1只眼为单纯注入C3F8复发后再次手术的）.术后视力提高11只眼（78.6%）,无变化3只眼.结论 玻璃体切除联合ILMP及硅油填充是治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的有效手术方式.术中不使用染色剂辅助,减少了视网膜毒性反应.     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂及其并发症的疗效观察

目的 观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂(XLRS)及其并发视网膜脱离和(或)玻璃体积血的疗效.方法 回顾分析接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的XLRS并发视网膜脱离和(或)玻璃体积血患者21例27只眼的临床资料.所有患眼眼底及光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑微囊样劈裂病变合并周边部视网膜劈裂.平均视力0.11±0.09,黄斑劈裂平均面积为(1.09±0.56) mm2.12只眼并发孔源性视网膜脱离,5只眼并发牵拉性视网膜脱离,6只眼并发玻璃体积血,4只眼同时合并视网膜脱离和玻璃体积血.均行经扁平部三通道闭合式玻璃体切割手术.根据情况行内界膜剥离,眼内激光光凝,C3 F8或硅油填充.手术后随访9～122个月,平均随访时间51个月.观察视力以及视网膜解剖结构改善情况.结果 末次随访视力提高者20只眼,占74.1％;维持不变者7只眼,占25.9％.平均视力提高至0.26±0.15.与治疗前平均视力比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=-6.320,P=0.000).27只眼视网膜解剖结构复位良好,视网膜平伏.OCT检查显示,黄斑劈裂平均面积(0.29±0.21) mm2,较治疗前黄斑劈裂平均面积显著缩小(t=10.358,P=0.000);黄斑微囊样病变得到明显的改善.随访期间4只眼出现并发症,占14.8％.其中,2只眼分别在手术后6、8个月并发增生性玻璃体视网膜病变伴牵拉性视网膜脱离;1只眼在手术后4个月出现并发性白内障;1只眼在手术后15个月因新发视网膜裂孔而发生玻璃体积血.给予再次手术治疗后,4只眼视网膜复位良好.结论 玻璃体视网膜手术能有效提高XLRS患者视力,恢复视网膜解剖结构,获得良好的治疗效果.     

晚期急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术效果观察

目的评价急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术的手术效果。方法对10例（10眼）急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离进行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除和增生膜剥离术，术中氩激光光凝视网膜裂孔和残留的正常视网膜边缘，并行硅油填充术，3眼因晶状体浑浊同时行晶状体切除术，术后5～6个月取出硅油，硅油取出之前3周行赤道部的氩激光光凝，观察硅油取出后视网膜复位及视力状况。结果术后短期内（〈1月）视网膜全复位，随访14～26月，8眼视网膜复位良好，复位率80．00％（8／10），2眼因视网膜表面增生膜形成，视网膜再次脱离。术后视力：光感者1眼，手动者1眼，数指者3眼，0．05～0．1者3眼，0．12者2眼。结论现代玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术提高了急性视网膜坏死视网膜脱离的视网膜复位率，但因视网膜坏死结构破坏以致视力恢复较差。     

Pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of advanced Coats’ disease—presentation of a modified surgical technique and long-term follow-up

Background

To present a modified surgical technique in the treatment of retinal detachment secondary to advanced Coats’ disease in children, and report on long-term anatomical and functional outcome.

Methods

We analysed an interventional case series of 13 patients (13 eyes) with advanced Coats’ disease characterised by retinal detachment in addition to massive subretinal exudates and vascular malformation. The presented patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), including a modified technique of exocryotherapy applied after fluid–air exchange in order to achieve complete treatment of the vascular changes, to reduce associated side-effects, and to avoid retinectomy and silicone oil tamponade.

Results

Within a median follow-up period of 37 months (range: 18–66 months), no enucleation was necessary. Four eyes (31 %) did not need any further therapy, and in nine eyes (69 %) additional treatments were performed. Six patients (46 %) required revisional surgery with silicone oil tamponade. In ten eyes (77 %), the pathologic vessels and exudates finally regressed and the retina reattached. Visual acuity (VA) could be stabilized in the majority of patients: in three eyes (27 %) VA improved, in four eyes (36 %) VA remained stable, in four eyes (36 %) visual acuity (VA) deteriorated, and in two eyes VA could not be evaluated.

Conclusions

The presented modified technique allows for sufficient cryotherapy of vascular malformations, even in the presence of massive exudation, in a subset of patients with advanced Coats’ disease, and thus may reduce surgery-related complications and improve the rehabilitation process of these young patients.     

高度近视黄斑孔性视网膜脱离手术探讨

目的 评价黄斑加固联合内界膜剥离、注气治疗早期高度近视黄斑孔性视网膜脱离的效果.方法 10例10只眼早期高度近视黄斑孔性视网膜脱离进行了黄斑加固、玻璃体切除、内界膜剥离、玻璃体腔注气治疗.均有黄斑部视网膜脱离,眼轴长度均超过27.0 mm,均有黄斑全层破孔.视网膜已僵硬者排除在外.术后随访6～18个月.结果 10只眼初次手术后,视网膜全部复位.但1只眼1月后视网膜再次脱离,再次行玻璃体腔注气术后视网膜复位,黄斑孔未闭合.10只眼中有5只眼黄斑孔闭合;5只眼黄斑孔部分区域闭合,部分组织缺损（1个月后黄斑孔周围行激光封闭）.术中未见医源性裂孔形成,术后1只眼玻璃体积血,2周后自行吸收.余术后无眼内出血或眼内炎等严重并发症发生.结论 黄斑加固联合内界膜剥离注气术是治疗早期高度近视黄斑孔性视网膜脱离安全有效的手术方法.能提高视网膜解剖复位率、黄斑孔闭合率.     

间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病

目的 探讨间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病的效果和预后。方法 临床检查确诊为青少年型Coats病患儿19例19只眼纳入研究。首诊年龄27.0～146.0个月,平均年龄73.5个月。最佳矫正视力（BCVA）≥0.1者7 只眼;0.01～0.09者8只眼;数指3只眼;光感1只眼。所有患眼渗出均累及黄斑。黄斑渗出性视网膜脱离3只眼;黄斑下纤维化4只眼;黄斑轻度萎缩1只眼。渗出范围大于2个象限17只眼;小于2个象限2只眼。所有患眼均可见不规则扩张、纡曲、纽结的异常血管。其中,异常血管位于正上方或鼻上方2只眼;位于颞侧或颞下方17只眼。渗出性视网膜脱离13只眼。其中,未累及黄斑10只眼;累及黄斑3只眼。在全身麻醉下,应用双目间接检眼镜激光输出系统对异常的视网膜血管及伴明显渗漏的视网膜进行激光光凝。渗出性视网膜脱离范围广、脱离高度高者合并玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德2 mg 3只眼。治疗后6～51个月内随访视力、视网膜异常血管消退、视网膜下渗出吸收以及渗出性视网膜脱离复位的情况。结果 行玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德2 mg治疗的3只眼,异常血管明显消退、渗出明显减少,但因并发白内障,行白内障摘除手术1只眼;出现黄斑前增生膜,行前膜剥除术1只眼。随访期末,所有患眼异常血管均消退。黄斑外渗出完全吸收8只眼,其中黄斑渗出完全吸收4只眼;渗出明显减少9只眼;渗出无明显改变2只眼。渗出性视网膜脱离13只眼中,视网膜复位8只眼;脱离范围减少3只眼;无明显改变2只眼。渗出未完全吸收15只眼;黄斑下纤维化9只眼;黄斑轻度萎缩3只眼;后期病变区视网膜萎缩伴色素沉着,血管可闭塞成白线状。BCVA≥0.1者6只眼;0.01～0.09者11只眼;数指1只眼;光感1只眼。BCVA无变化15只眼;提高2只眼;下降2只眼。治疗结束时,患眼和对侧健康眼的球镜度数比较结果显示,患眼球镜度数高于对侧健康眼（t=3.6,P=0.003）。患眼和对侧健康眼的柱镜度数比较结果显示,患眼散光度数高于对侧健康眼（t=3.6, P=0.004）。但所有患眼矫正屈光度后视力无提高。结论 间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病,可有效控制病变进展,且对患儿损伤小,出现并发症的风险低。眼内注射曲安奈德是有效的辅助手段,但并发症多,应用需谨慎。     

Extended retinal tamponade in the treatment of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

We have used intraocular sulphur hexafluoride or liquid silicone as an adjunct to vitreous surgery in the treatment of a non-randomised sequential series of 19 eyes with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We have studied the surgical results and complications of these two tamponades and drawn preliminary conclusions on their use in retinal reattachment surgery. After a seven-month minimum follow-up 13 (68%) of the eyes have reattached retinas. Six (60%) of 10 eyes treated only with silicone have reattached retinas, and four (67%) of six eyes treated only with sulphur hexafluoride gas tamponade have reattached retinas. An additional three eyes treated initially with silicone oil subsequently developed retinal detachments; all were successfully reattached with sulphur hexafluoride tamponade after silicone oil removal. Intraoperative pneumatic retinal reattachment to assess relief of retinal traction combined with the production of widespread chorioretinal adhesions to wall off persistent anterior traction and detachment, as well as extended postoperative gas tamponade of the retina, appears to enhance the surgical results in retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Silicone oil tamponade of the retina appears to be useful in cases where retinal traction cannot be entirely relieved and in patients who are unable to tolerate the head positioning required for effective gas tamponade of the retina. A controlled clinical study recently begun will be required to define further the precise role of these methods of retinal tamponade.     

Transscleral diathermy: an additional tool in the management of retinal detachment due to posterior breaks in highly myopic eyes

PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of transscleral diathermy for the treatment of retinal detachment due to breaks located at the posterior pole in areas of advanced chorioretinal atrophy or staphyloma in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of seven consecutive patients who were operated on between 1984 and 1994 and for whom transscleral diathermy was used during intraocular retinal reattachment surgery to reduce posterior staphyloma. Mean refraction of the seven eyes was -24 diopters (range -16 to -35 diopters). RESULTS: After surgery, which included diathermy, the retina was reattached in six eyes (86%) that also had undergone vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade, but remained detached in one eye (14%) that had undergone pneumopexy and diathermy; in this eye, the retina was subsequently reattached after vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. Silicone oil was removed from all seven eyes after a mean duration of 2.5 months. During a mean follow-up of 3 years, a recurrent retinal detachment developed in one eye 8 months after silicone oil removal. This retina was reattached after reinjection of silicone oil. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes, closure of posterior holes in areas of advanced chorioretinal atrophy or staphyloma can be achieved by transscleral diathermy in conjunction with vitrectomy and temporary silicone oil tamponade. The main benefit of transscleral diathermy results from its posterior pole scleral buckling effect due to shrinkage of the sclera.     

Late recurrences after successful surgery for retinal detachment with macular hole

Six myopic eyes affected by retinal detachment with macular hole which had been successfully reattached developed recurrent retinal detachment 7–78 months postoperatively. The mean interval between surgery and the recurrent retinal detachment was 13.4 months in five eyes managed with gas tamponade and no choroidal irritation. In an eye managed by scleral buckling with choroidal irritation, the recurrent retinal detachment occurred 78 months postoperatively. The retina was reattached following reoperation in all eyes. However, an eye successfully reattached without choroidal irritation developed four recurrences during the follow-up period. The pathogenesis of late recurrences after successful surgery for retinal detachment with macular hole remains speculative. A number of clinical findings suggest that vitreous traction plays a decisive role.     

晚期急性视网膜坏死玻璃体切割术疗效分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带、眼内填充硅油或惰性气体(C2>F6>),对晚期急性视网膜坏死所致的裂孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效.方法 回顾性分析10例(10只眼)晚期急性视网膜坏死合并视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,包括临床表现、辅助检查及治疗过程.随访2～32个月,平均(15.20±10.84)月.结果 至随访结束,8只眼视网膜复位,1只眼部分复位,1只眼视网膜脱离复发.9只硅油填充眼中6只行硅油取出,其中5只眼视网膜复位,1只眼视网膜脱离再发.视力情况:8只眼提高,1只眼无变化,1只跟减退.2只眼术后发生低眼压.结论 晚期急性视网膜坏死所致的视网膜脱离,通过玻璃体切割手术联合硅油或惰性气体填充视网膜复位率较高,可获得较满意的视力.为预防低眼压发生.建议在行大面积视网膜切开切除的病人中,若无并发症的发生,硅油可暂不取出,以保存有用的视力.