增强FLAIR T2WI诊断脑膜转移瘤的价值

目的:探讨脑膜转移瘤的MRI表现及增强后FLAIR序列T2WI的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析20例脑膜转移瘤患者的病例资料,其中硬脑膜转移瘤5例,软脑膜转移瘤15例。所有病例行常规MRI平扫及SE T1WI和FLAIR序列T2WI增强扫描并进行对比分析。结果:MRI平扫检出6例,病灶边界均显示不清;MRI增强扫描检出所有病例,SE-T1WI上病变主要表现为脑膜的线状和/或结节状强化,FLAIR T2WI对软脑膜转移瘤病灶范围的显示更清楚,可鉴别强化的血管与病变。结论:MRI增强扫描是诊断脑膜转移瘤的重要检查方法,增强后FLAIR序列T2WI与SE T1WI同时使用,可提高对软脑膜转移瘤的检出率及诊断准确性。     

颅内柔脑膜转移瘤：低场MRI FLAIR序列与T1WI增强扫描对比分析

目的:评估低场MR液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列诊断颅内柔脑膜转移瘤的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析30例颅内柔脑膜转移瘤的FLAIR序列平扫与T1WI常规剂量增强扫描的表现.结果:T1WI增强扫描检出柔脑膜转移瘤128个,而FLAIR检出117个,T1WI增强扫描检出病灶较FLAIR序列敏感(P<0.05);T1WI增强扫描明确所有病灶边界,而FLAIR序列对所有病灶的边界显示不清.结论:对于颅内柔脑膜转移瘤的低场MR诊断,T1WI增强扫描优于FLAIR序列.     

对比T2FLAIR序列与增强T1WI序列在诊断脑转移瘤过程中的诊断价值

目的：比较增强T1WI及增强T2FLAIR两种序列对脑转移瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析本院2008年9月～2010年3月34例经临床和影像检查确诊为脑转移瘤的患者资料,所有病例均行常规MRI平扫及SET1WI和T2FLAIR增强扫描,比较两种序列上转移瘤的数目、大小和部位以及转移瘤的强化显著性、病变强化区的边界等,并分析两者间偏差的原因。结果：34个病例,MRI平扫共检出129个病灶,增强T1WI发现194个病灶,而增强后T2WI FLAIR共发现185个病灶,4例增强后T2FLAIR较增强后T1WI显示的病灶多,6例增强后T2FLAIR显示的病灶少于增强后T1WI,25例两者显示的病灶相同,增强后T1WI因为脑浅表层血管混淆而漏诊误诊7个病灶,在对比增强后T2FLAIR均可明确诊断。大多数转移瘤在T1WI的强化程度高于T2FLAIR序列。转移瘤的肿瘤与灰质、肿瘤与白质的CR（对比率）以FLAIR序列为高,而转移瘤的肿瘤与灰质、肿瘤与白质的CNR（对比噪声比）以T1WI为高,两者有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：增强后T2FLAIR序列可以有效显示脑转移灶,很好地鉴别大脑浅表部位的血管和转移瘤,增强T1WI序列能更明显地显示转移瘤的强化,两者同时使用,可以提高转移瘤的检出率与诊断准确性。     

低场磁共振FLAIR序列对多发性硬化的评价

目的：探讨低场磁共振FLAIR序列在多发性硬化诊断中的价值。方法：收集27例多发性硬化患者，使用0．2TMR扫描仪，对比分析常规T1WI、T2WI及序列在检出多发性硬化病灶及其边界方面的敏感性。结果：序列对多发性硬化检出及明确病灶边界的敏感性高于T2WI和T1WI，经统计分析有显著性意义（P〈0．05），但有的部位不如常规T2WI。结论：多发性硬化的低场MRI诊断．FLAIR序列是最有价值的检查方式之一，FLAIR优点较多，但二种序列应互为补充。     

增强FLAIR序列在颅脑病变中的应用

目的评价增强FLAIR序列在颅脑疾病诊断中的应用.材料与方法50例患者行脑MRI平扫(T1 WI、T2 WI、FLAIR)和Gd-DTPA增强(FLAIR和T1WI)检查,双盲法比较增强前后FLAIR与T1 WI的差异.结果所有病变在FALIR均显示不同程度的异常增强,在脑梗塞疾病中增强FLAIR诊断敏感性大于增强T1 WI.星形细胞瘤、转移瘤和结核瘤,T1 WI增强优于FLAIR.结论增强FLAIR在检查脑表面病变,如皮质或皮质下梗塞,诊断准确性高于增强T1 WI.     

大脑表浅部位胶质瘤和单发转移瘤的瘤周灰质及脑膜MRI改变的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨脑表浅部位胶质瘤和单发转移瘤的瘤周灰质及脑膜MRI表现的诊断价值.方法 收集53例表浅部位胶质瘤和46例单发脑转移瘤.主要观察瘤周灰质在FLAIR和T1WI增强扫描上的改变情况及肿瘤邻近的脑膜强化情况,分别计算出各自的敏感性和特异性.对部分病例病理送检蜡块重新切片,观察肿瘤边缘特征,与其MRI表现 进行对照分析.结果 25例(47.2%)胶质瘤和2例(4.3%)转移瘤瘤周灰质在FLAIR上出现稍高信号区并在T1WI增强扫描上有强化;27例(50.9%)胶质瘤和1例(2.2%)转移瘤瘤周灰质在FLAIR上出现稍高信号区,但在T1WI增强扫描上无强化;22例(41.5%)胶质瘤和4例(8.7%)转移瘤邻近脑膜有强化.病理切片示:胶质瘤瘤周见大量肿瘤细胞浸润,而转移瘤瘤周无明显肿瘤细胞浸润.结论 FLAIR上瘤周灰质稍高信号区的出现,无论其在T1WI增强扫描上是否强化,以及肿瘤邻近脑膜强化的出现,则更支持表浅部位胶质瘤的诊断,而单发脑转移瘤较少出现前述征象.     

高场磁共振磁敏感加权成像联合液体衰减恢复序列对蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断价值

目的：评价高场磁共振磁敏感加权成像（SWI）联合液体衰减恢复序列（FLAIR）对蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析50例经磁共振诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血的患者MR表现,行常规T1WI、T2WI扫描及FLAIR、SWI序列扫描。结果50例蛛网膜下腔出血患者FLAIR及SWI均可显示,FLAIR表现为脑沟裂池内高信号,SWI为低信号,6例患者T1WI可见高信号蛛网膜下腔出血,T2WI无一例显示。结论常规MR序列诊断SAH准确率不高,FLAIR联合SWI对SAH敏感性高,诊断准确率高,可作为诊断SAH的常规序列组合。     

CUBE T_2 FLAIR序列在脑内微小转移瘤诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨CUBE T2FLAIR序列对脑内微小转移瘤的临床应用价值。方法:对35例脑转移瘤患者行常规扫描后再行3D T1WI序列和CUBE T2FLAIR序列增强扫描,统计并比较2种序列显示转移瘤的数目、大小、位置等。结果:35例共129个病灶,CUBE T2FLAIR显示124个病灶,显示率98.4%;3D T1WI序列显示112个病灶,显示率86.8%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。结论:在显示脑内微小转移瘤方面,CUBE T2FLAIR序列比3D T1WI序列更敏感。     

增强FLAIR成像在诊断软脑膜转移中的价值及临床意义

目的 探讨增强FLAIR在软脑膜转移诊断中的价值.方法 收集有明确原发肿瘤病史、经临床和实验室检查证实的软脑膜转移癌23例,其中7例仅行T1WI增强,16例同时行T1WI和FLAIR增强.对2组病例的MR诊断准确率,以及两序列对病灶的显示情况进行回顾性对照分析.结果 (1)单纯T1WI增强组病例中2例漏诊,1例提示性诊断;同时行T1WI及FLAIR增强组16例诊断均与临床最终诊断相符.(2)后组病例中11例显示细线样强化及7例显示小结节样强化在增强FLAIR上更明显,但粗线样强化两序列上显示相似;4例在增强FLAIR上显示病变范围更广;在相同病变部位上,增强FLAIR强化程度高于增强T1WI.结论 增强FLAIR在软脑膜转移的诊断中具有重要价值.     

MR增强后液体衰减反转恢复序列对脑转移瘤的诊断价值

目的 分析MR增强后液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)序列对脑转移瘤的诊断价值. 资料与方法 确诊恶性肿瘤可疑有脑转移患者159例.MR检查除常规平扫和增强外,在增强后加扫FLAIR序列,图像由3名有经验的放射科医师评估. 结果 58例有脑内转移,6例增强后FLAIR脑实质病灶数目显示较增强T1WI多,11例病灶强化较T1WI明显;在11例柔脑膜转移者中,7例病灶强化程度优于增强后T1WI. 结论 增强后FLAIR是增强后T1WI的有效补充,对脑内小病灶和脑膜病灶更敏感.     

Verbesserter Tumorkontrast und -abgrenzung in der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapieplanung zerebraler Gliome und Metastasen mit kontrastmittelunterstützter FLAIR-Bildgebung

BACKGROUND: FLAIR MR imaging has shown to be a valuable imaging modality in pathologic lesions of the brain including intra-axial brain tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the value of a FLAIR technique in the planning process of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with cerebral gliomas and metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with cerebral gliomas and 12 patients with a total of 39 cerebral metastases were examined by T2/PD-weighted fast spin-echo, fast FLAIR prior and after contrast and contrast enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo using identical slice parameters. The images were evaluated by using quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria were tumor-to-background and tumor-to-cerebrospinal fluid contrast and contrast-to-noise. The qualitative evaluation was performed as a multireader analysis concerning lesion detection, lesion delineation and image artifacts. RESULTS: In the qualitative evaluation (Table 3 and 6), all readers found the fast FLAIR images to be superior to fast spin-echo in the exact delineation of cerebral tumors (p < 0.001) and the delineation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor parts. Fast FLAIR was superior in the delineation of cortically located and small lesions but was limited in lesions adjacent to the ventricles. Fast FLAIR provided a significantly better tumor-to-CSF contrast and tumor-to-CSF contrast-to-noise (p < 0.001) (Tables 1, 2a, 2b, 4, 5). The tumor-to-background contrast and tumor-to-background contrast-to-noise of the fast FLAIR images were lower than that of T2-weighted spin-echo images but were significantly increased after the application of contrast media. FLAIR images had more image artifacts, but the image interpretation was not influenced. CONCLUSIONS: FLAIR MR imaging was found to be a valuable sequence in the planning protocol of stereotactic radiotherapy. The concurrent presentation of enhancing and non enhancing tumor tissue on contrast enhanced fast FLAIR imaging enables to use a single imaging sequence in the treatment protocol. This enables to load a reduced image amount into the radiotherapy planning software, is therefore time saving and reduces potential errors.     

Fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery-(FLAIR-) Bildgebung in der Diagnostik zerebraler Gliome und Metastasen

This study demonstrates the value of a fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) technique in the assessment of cerebral gliomas and metastases. Thirty-five patients with cerebral gliomas and 12 patients with a total of 39 cerebral metastases were examined by T2/proton density-weighted fast spin echo, fast FLAIR with and without contrast medium and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin echo using identical slice parameters. The images were evaluated using quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria were tumor-to-background and tumor-to-cerebrospinal fluid contrast and contrast-to-noise. The qualitative evaluation was performed as a multireader analysis concerning lesion detection, lesion delineation and image artifacts. In the qualitative evaluation, all readers found fast FLAIR to be superior to fast spin echo in the exact delineation of cerebral tumors (P < 0.001) and the delineation of enhancing and non-enhancing tumor parts. Fast FLAIR was superior in the delineation of cortically located and small lesions but was limited in lesions adjacent to the ventricles. Fast FLAIR provided significantly better tumor-to-CSF contrast and tumor-to-CSF contrast-to-noise (P < 0.001). The tumor-to-background contrast and tumor-to-background contrast-to-noise of the fast FLAIR images were lower than that of T2-weighted spin-echo images but were significantly increased after the application of contrast medium. FLAIR images had a more image artifacts, but these influenced the image interpretation in only two patients. Signal hyperintensities at the ventricular border were present in 92% of the patients. These are common findings in fast FLAIR and should be included in image interpretation.     

低场磁共振FLAIR序列对脑脊液内钆剂浓度检出的实验研究

 目的 探讨低场磁共振液体衰减反转恢复序列T2WI对人工脑脊液(cerebral spinal fluid,CSF)内钆浓度的识别水平,为临床应用提供依据.方法 采用浓度0～8 mmol/L的Gd-DTPA人工CSF溶液模拟CSF内不同的强化水平,新鲜熟蛋清模拟正常脑实质.使用0.35T机型,对样本分别行SE序列T1WI和快速FLAIR序列T2WI扫描,测算出各被检样本与参照样本间的对比噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratios,CNR),比较两种成像序列所能检出的最低钆剂浓度.结果 FLAIR序列T2WI所能识别的最低钆剂浓度为0.0078 mmol/L,比SE序列T1WI约低10倍;当样本内钆剂浓度超过0. 8 mmol/L时,FLAIR序列T2WI的检出能力不及SE序列T1WI.结论 低场磁共振FLAIR序列T2WI对人工CSF内低浓度钆剂的检出能力明显优于其SE序列T1WI.     

快速FLAIR技术在椎管内病变MRI中的应用及价值

目的介绍快速FLAIR技术在椎管内病变MRI中的应用并评价其价值。方法用0．5T超导型MR扫描仪在常规T     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的MR诊断及临床相关因素分析

目的：探讨磁共振成像对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的诊断价值及临床的相关性。方法：搜集62例临床诊断为HIE的患儿，对其进行常规MRI的T1WI、T2WI及FLAIR序列检查。结果：HIE患儿MRI的T1WI及FLAIR序列病灶检出率明显高于T2WI（P＜0.05)；早产儿病变区域多位于脑室旁、室管膜下及基底区；足月儿病变区域多位于大脑皮质及颞顶部；新生儿HIE早期Apgar评分与MRI脑白质损伤影像分级及远期后遗症有一定相关性，非绝对相关，而另与胎龄有关。结论：MRI对HIE的诊断有高度的敏感性；不同胎龄HIE患儿脑损伤区域不同，后遗症状亦不相同。     

快速FLAIR技术在脑部疾病诊断中的应用

目的探讨快速液体衰减反转恢复(FAST FLAIR)序列在脑部疾病诊断中的应用价值. 资料与方法对76例脑部疾病患者进行FAST FLAIR序列及常规快速自旋回波(FSE)序列扫描,比较两种序列对病灶的显示情况. 结果在76例脑部疾病中,FLAIR共显示病灶172个,而T2WI只显示123个.FAST FLAIR显示病灶较T2WI清楚明确.在FAST FLAIR上病灶与正常脑组织的对比度更高. 结论 FLAIR技术对颅脑病变的显示优于FSE序列T2WI, 特别是对脑表面或脑室周围病灶的显示, FLAIR有很高的临床使用价值,应成为颅脑常规扫描序列.     

FLAIR序列对脑梗塞的诊断价值

目的：探讨长回波时间的液体抑制反转恢复脉冲序列（ＦＬＡＩＲ）对脑梗塞的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法：对２１例经常规ＭＲＩ诊断为脑梗塞的患者进行ＦＬＡＩＲ序列成像，并与ＳＥ序列Ｔ２加权像比较。结果：在２１例脑梗塞病例中，ＦＬＡＩＲ显示病变较Ｔ２加权像清楚明确的１７例（占８１．０％）。Ｔ２加权像难以发现病灶的（＞１个）１５例占７１．４％。结论：ＦＬＡＩＲ序列对脑梗塞病变的显示具有更高的敏感性。特别适合于发现大脑半球表面、基底池周围、灰白质交界及脑室旁区的微小病变。且对梗塞病灶的分期、脑表面梗塞灶与蛛网膜下腔扩大，囊肿的鉴别有帮助。     

脑膜病变的增强FLAIR成像

目的 通过与平扫液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)和增强T1WI的对比研究,探讨增强FLAIR在脑膜疾病诊断中的价值.资料与方法 19例脑膜炎和10例脑膜转移癌患者行增强前后FLAIR和增强后T1WI,观察并比较各序列图像上脑膜病变的显示情况及病变的显著性.结果 平扫FLAIR、增强T1WI和增强FLAIR对脑膜炎的敏感性分别为42.1%、73.7%和89.5%,对脑膜转移癌则分别为30%、80%和100%.增强FLAIR显示了全部平扫FLAIR发现的病例,且病变范围更广.22例增强T1WI显示异常的脑膜病变中,9例在增强T1WI上病变更显著,10例在增强FLAIR上更显著,3例在两序列上相似.结论 增强FLAIR在脑膜疾病诊断中具有重要价值,与增强T1WI结合更有助于病变的评估.     

Relationship between contrast enhancement on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR sequences and signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images: visual evaluation of brain tumors

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the degree of contrast enhancement in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and tumor signal intensity on T2-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 patients suspected of having brain tumors were examined by MR imaging, and whenever a brain tumor with an enhancing part larger than the slice thickness was demonstrated on postcontrast T1-weighted images, postcontrast FLAIR images were additionally acquired. The tumor signal intensity on the T2-weighted images was visually classified as follows: equal or lower compared with normal cerebral cortex (group 1), higher than normal cortex (group 2), and as high as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (group 3). When a lesion contained several parts with different signal intensities on T2-weighted images, we assessed each part separately. In each group, we visually compared pre- and postcontrast FLAIR images and assessed whether tumor contrast enhancement was present. When contrast enhancement was present on FLAIR sequence, the degree of contrast enhancement in T1-weighted and FLAIR sequences was visually compared. RESULTS: Postcontrast T1-weighted images showed 46 enhancing lesions, including 48 parts, in 31 MR examinations. FLAIR images of the lesion-parts in group 1 (N=18) did not show significant contrast enhancement. In group 2 (N=12), all the parts were enhanced in FLAIR sequences, and three parts were enhanced more clearly in the FLAIR sequences than in the T1-weighted sequences. In group 3 (N=18), all the parts were enhanced equally or more clearly in the FLAIR sequences than in the T1-weighted sequences. CONCLUSION: The signal intensity in FLAIR sequences is largely influenced by both T1 and T2 relaxation time; there is a close relationship between the signal intensity of brain tumors on T2-weighted images and the degree of contrast enhancement on FLAIR sequences. When tumors have higher signal intensity than normal cortex on T2-weighted images, additional postcontrast FLAIR imaging may improve their depiction.