原花青素对神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的利用大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫（CCI）模型,研究原花青素对神经病理性疼痛的镇痛作用。方法应用热板法观察原花青素对正常小鼠基础痛阈的影响。应用Hargreaves法观察不同剂量原花青素腹腔注射对CCI大鼠热痛觉过敏的影响。结果原花青素对正常小鼠基础痛阈无显著性影响（P〉0.05）;原花青素腹腔注射可显著抑制CCI导致的大鼠热痛觉过敏（P〈0.05）。结论原花青素显著抑制CCI所导致的热痛觉过敏,且镇痛作用维持时间长于吗啡。     

安络小皮伞醇提取物对神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的 研究安络小皮伞醇提取物（MAEE）对坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤（CCI）所致神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用并探索其作用机制。方法 40只成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及MAEE高、中、低剂量（800、400、200 mg/kg）组,每组8只。CCI术后14 d,连续ig给药7 d。于1、3、5、7 d给药后2 h测定大鼠机械痛阈（MWT）值和热痛阈（TWL）值,并在停药后连续测定3 d。于给药7 d后,取各组大鼠脊髓L₄-L₆节段,ELISA及实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的表达,Western blotting法检测MAPK家族蛋白p-ERK、p-p38、p-JNK的表达变化。结果 与模型组比较,连续7 d给予MAEE能够剂量依赖性的缓解CCI诱导的大鼠机械学过敏及热痛学超敏（P<0.05、0.01）;下调CCI大鼠脊髓L₄-L₆节段炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的水平以及p-ERK、p-p38、p-JNK的蛋白表达（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 MAEE剂量依赖性的缓解CCI诱导的机械学超敏及热痛学过敏,该作用可能与其抑制CCI大鼠脊髓TNF-α、IL-1β等炎性细胞因子的表达及降低MAPK磷酸化蛋白表达相关。     

米诺环素对神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞激活的影响

目的观察米诺环素对CCI大鼠脊髓水平GFAP表达,探讨脊髓星形胶质细胞在神经病理性疼痛中的不同时程作用。方法将110只SD大鼠随机分成5组:A组:对照组(n=15)、B组:假手术组(n=25)、C组:CCI对照组(n=25)、D组:CCI预给药组(n=25)、E组:CCI治疗组(n=25)。分别测定各组在手术前(以第0天表示)以及手术后第1、4、7、11、14天损伤侧后肢50%机械刺激缩足阈值,然后相应分别取每组大鼠L4-6段脊髓,采用免疫组化染色方法测定脊髓背角星形胶质细胞GFAP表达变化情况。结果①坐骨神经结扎后大鼠出现痛觉过敏且持续增强存在。②B组和D组亦可见星形胶质细胞有轻微的激活,C组脊髓背角星形胶质细胞在术后7d发生明显激活,至术后14d星形胶质细胞被强烈的激活;E组星形胶质细胞术后有较明显的激活但无高峰期。结论脊髓水平星形胶质细胞的激活可能对神经病理性疼痛的产生维持发挥重要作用;米诺环素术前给药抑制星形胶质细胞的激活,减轻神经病理性疼痛。     

氯胺酮对神经病理性疼痛大鼠行为学及坐骨神经的影响

目的 探讨氯胺酮对神经病理性疼痛(NP)大鼠行为学和坐骨神经的影响.方法 24只SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组(S组)、坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(CCI)模型组(NP组)和CCI模型+氯胺酮处理组(NPK组).S组大鼠仅分离坐骨神经;NP组和NPK组建立CCI模型.S组和NP组分别于术后7～14 d每天腹腔注射生理盐水10 ...     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白对神经病理性疼痛治疗作用的研究进展

静脉注射免疫球蛋白具有多种免疫调节方面的功能,临床上常用于自身免疫性疾病的治疗。近年来,静脉注射免疫球蛋白也应用于许多神经系统疾病的治疗,因为部分神经系统疾病的发病机制与免疫调节相关。神经病理性疼痛是慢性顽固性的疼痛综合征,发病机制复杂,免疫调节也参与神经病理性疼痛的发生。目前发现静脉注射免疫球蛋白可以明显减轻神经病理性疼痛患者的疼痛,给药后无严重不良反应的发生,而且在镇痛的同时可以促进伤口的愈合,提高患者的生活质量。其作用机制可能是免疫球蛋白可以阻断自身抗体与Fc受体结合或中和自身抗体,减轻补体介导的组织损伤作用;还可以通过降低炎性细胞因子表达减轻患者的疼痛。     

A型肉毒毒素作用于神经胶质细胞缓解神经病理性疼痛机制的研究进展

神经病理性疼痛是一个重要的临床问题,常规药物治疗效果不佳。A型肉毒毒素可缓解多种疼痛,其镇痛作用被认为与神经胶质细胞相关。本文概要介绍A型肉毒毒素作用于神经胶质细胞缓解神经病理性疼痛机制的研究进展,进一步探究A型肉毒毒素在神经病理性疼痛治疗上的临床潜力。     

癌性神经病理性疼痛概述

1定义及分类临床上疼痛是一种常见的自觉症状,是机体的一种自我保护反应,任何形式的刺激,只要超过痛阈即可引起疼痛。疼痛的表现形式多样,患者在躯体和心理上遭受极大的痛苦,严重影响生活质量。     

葛根素对神经病理性痛模型小鼠的镇痛作用

目的探讨葛根素对神经病理性痛模型小鼠的镇痛作用,为临床开发新的镇痛药物奠定基础。方法结扎雌性C57BL/6小鼠单侧胫神经和腓总神经,建立坐骨神经分支选择损伤(spared nerve injury,SNI)神经病理性痛模型,利用机械刺激法和冷盘法分别观察腹腔注射不同剂量葛根素(100,75和25mg·kg-1)对SNI模型小鼠患侧脚掌痛阈的影响。结果 SNI模型小鼠腹腔注射75mg·kg-1葛根素可显著提高患侧脚掌的50%缩足阈值(P<0.01)和降低5min抬足次数(P<0.01),产生明显的镇痛作用,镇痛时间可维持60～70min;100mg·kg-1葛根素腹腔注射后虽然也可产生明显的镇痛作用,但作用时间较短,仅维持10～20min;25mg·kg-1葛根素腹腔注射后没有明显的镇痛作用。结论适当剂量的葛根素对神经病理性痛具有明显的镇痛作用。     

治疗神经病理性疼痛新药：mirogabalin

mirogabalin是一种新型的钙离子通道调节剂,于2019年在日本获批上市用于治疗神经病理性疼痛。与普瑞巴林相比,mirogabalin可通过选择性结合电压依赖性钙离子通道α₂δ-1亚单位,表现出更加长效良好的镇痛作用。多项临床试验验证了mirogabalin治疗神经病理性疼痛安全、有效,不良反应较少,患者耐受良好。     

A型肉毒毒素对神经病理性疼痛大鼠镇痛作用及作用途径的研究

目的：观察A型肉毒毒素（BTX—A）对L5前根切断（L5 VRT）神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用并探讨其最佳给药途径。方法：雄性SD大鼠108只,随机分为3组（n=36）,皮下注射给药组、坐骨神经表面给药组、坐骨神经注射给药组,制备L5 VRT模型,各组又分为术后4d给药组、术后8d给药组、术后16d给药组且同时各设0．9％氯化钠注射液对照组（n=6）,于术前、术后及术后不同给药时间测定50％撤足阈值（PWT）。结果：①皮下给药组能明显的改善机械痛敏,坐骨神经表面及坐骨神经注射给药组机械痛敏改善不明显。②皮下给药组术后各不同时间给药小组,均能明显的改善机械痛敏,与对照组相比有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;给药后第15天效果最明显;这种镇痛作用持续至少20余天。③坐骨神经表面及坐骨神经注射给药组动物的机械痛敏改善不明显,与对照组相比无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：皮下注射BTX—A,能改善L5VRT模型大鼠的机械痛敏,有镇痛作用,且为最佳给药途径。     

虎杖提取物对ConA诱导肝损伤小鼠保护作用的研究

目的观察虎杖提取物对ConA诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法通过测定血清ALT、AST及TNF-α、肝匀浆SOD、MDA,评价其对肝脏的保护作用。结果虎杖提取物高剂量组明显降低ConA诱导肝损伤小鼠模型的血清ALT、AST、TNF-α、肝匀浆MDA,提高肝匀浆SOD（P〈0.01）。结论虎杖提取物对ConA诱导肝损伤小鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

彝心康胶囊中虎杖的鉴别与含量测定方法研究

目的:提升完善彝心康胶囊的质量标准.方法:采用薄层色谱法对彝心康胶囊中的虎杖进行鉴别,以高效液相色谱法对其主药虎杖中的虎杖苷进行含量测定,采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(15:85);流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长306 nm;柱...     

Design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of gabapentin-pregabalin mutual prodrugs in relieving neuropathic pain

As a part of a program for the development of specific analgesics in relieving neuropathic pain, the purpose of the present study was to investigate a new concept that involves the conjugation of two drugs, gabapentin and pregabalin, as mutual prodrugs using a chemical modification approach. A series of gabapentin-pregabalin diester compounds were synthesized using linear or branch bis-hydroxyl linkers. Their pharmacological properties for treating neuropathic pain were investigated in a rat model of chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury (CCI). In-vivo evaluation demonstrated that 1a and 1b composed of two gabapentin molecules as well as 3a composed of gabapentin and pregabalin with the short linear linker, were effective in reversing tactile allodynia in CCI rats. Compounds with longer or side-branched linkers showed lower efficiencies and severe adverse effects.     

大鼠一次性灌服虎杖提取物后白藜芦醇血浓度测定方法的研究

目的 :研究大鼠血浆中白藜芦醇含量的测定方法。方法 :采用液 -液萃取反相高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法对大鼠血浆样品中的白藜芦醇含量进行测定。结果 :因为血浆中白藜芦醇在 0 .0 0 35～1.4 0 0mg·L-1线性范围内关系良好 (r =0 .9998) ,最低定量限为 0 .0 35mg·L-1;低、中、高三种浓度下的回收率、日内及日间精密度均符合方法学要求。故用本法测定大鼠一次性灌服虎杖提取物后白藜芦醇的血药浓度并计算药代动力学参数 ,半衰期t1 2 =11.5min ,达峰时间tmax=10 .0min ,达峰浓度Cmax=1.93mg·L-1。结论 :本法符合生物样品分析要求 ,可用于体内白藜芦醇浓度测定     

恩再适治疗神经病理性疼痛的临床应用

目的 评价恩再适治疗神经病理性疼痛的疗效.方法 选择25例神经病理性疼痛的患者,每个患者给予恩再适9ml加入0.9%生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注,1次/日,连续14天,在用药前,用药后第1天、第7天和第14天用VAS10分法检测神经病理性疼痛的缓解程度.结果 用药后第1天,疼痛改善不明显;第7天开始,恩再适明显缓解神经病理性疼痛;本次观察显效率68.85%,总有效率92.5%.有1例患者出现皮疹,停药后皮疹逐渐消失.结论 恩再适治疗神经病理性疼痛有效率较高,安全性较好.     

Lithium attenuates pain-related behavior in a rat model of neuropathic pain: possible involvement of opioid system

Lithium is a major drug for bipolar disorder and mania. Recently, many studies have shown the neuroprotective effect of lithium in different models of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of lithium in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation and the possible role of opioid system in this effect. To do so, animals received acute injection of saline, lithium (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg,) and naloxone (1 mg/kg) or the combination of naloxone (1 mg/kg) with lithium (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on the testing days. Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical and cold allodynia were measured on the days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. Lithium decreased thermal hyperalgesia scores with dose of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg and cold and mechanical allodynia scores with dose of 10 and 15 mg/kg, significantly. The opioid antagonist naloxone prevented the effect of lithium on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia while it did not show any effect on the acetone-induced cold allodynia. Our results suggest that lithium can be considered as a therapeutic potential for the treatment of some aspects of neuropathic pain and that the opioid system may be involved in the lithium-induced attenuation of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.     

Post-injury repeated administrations of minocycline improve the antinociceptive effect of morphine in chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rat

It is confirmed that pharmacological attenuation of glial cells can alleviate neuropathic pain by lowering proinflammatory cytokine expression. The present study tries to confirm that post-injury administration of glia inhibitor, minocycline, can attenuate the neuropathic pain symptoms and improves the efficacy of morphine anti-nociception in chronic constriction injury (CCI). Male Wistar rats (230-270 g) underwent surgery for induction CCI model of neuropathy. For assessment of the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia after CCI induction, morphine (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 mg/kg; s.c.) and saline were administered on post-operative days (PODs) 0, 6 and 14. Hargreaves and Von-Frey tests were performed before and 30 min after morphine administration, respectively. The results showed significant decrease in antinociceptive effect of morphine on POD 6 compared to POD 0 only at the dose of 5 mg/kg. On the other hand, on POD 14 the antinociceptive effect of morphine (5, 7.5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) significantly decreased in comparison with POD 0. In another set of experiments, animals received minocycline (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; i.p.) for eight days from POD 6 to 13 and then the antinociceptive effect of single dose of morphine 5 mg/kg was tested on POD 14. Behavioral tests showed that minocycline (40 mg/kg) could effectively attenuate the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia on POD 13. Moreover, minocycline (40, 20 mg/kg) improved the anti-hyperalgesic, and minocycline (40 mg/kg) improved the anti-allodynic effects of morphine 5 mg/kg on POD 14. It seems that the reduction of antinociceptive effect of morphine after CCI may be mediated through glia activation. Modulation of glial activity by minocycline can attenuate CCI-induced neuropathic pain. It is also shown that repeated post-injury administration of minocycline improves the antinociceptive effect of morphine in neuropathic pain.     

Chronic administration of amitriptyline and caffeine in a rat model of neuropathic pain: multiple interactions

This study was designed to determine (1) whether chronic amitriptyline administration was effective in alleviating symptoms of neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal nerve injury, and (2) whether the effect of amitriptyline involved manipulation of endogenous adenosine, by determining the effect of caffeine, a non-selective adenosine A₁ and A₂ receptor antagonist, on its actions. Nerve injury was produced by unilateral spinal nerve ligation of the fifth and sixth lumbar nerves distal to the dorsal root ganglion, and this resulted in stimulus-evoked thermal hyperalgesia and static tactile mechanical allodynia. Animals received pre- and post-surgical intraperitoneal doses of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg) and caffeine (7.5 mg/kg), alone or in combination, and following surgery, were administered amitriptyline (15–18 mg/kg/day) and caffeine (6–8 mg/kg/day), alone or in combination, in the drinking water. Rats were tested for thermal reaction latencies and static tactile thresholds at 7, 14 and 21 days following surgery. In the paw ipsilateral to the nerve ligation, chronic amitriptyline administration consistently decreased the thermal hyperalgesia produced by spinal nerve ligation over a 3-week period, and this effect was blocked by concomitant caffeine administration at all time intervals. In the contralateral paw, thermal withdrawal latencies were more variable, with the most reproducible finding being a reduction in thermal thresholds in the amitriptyline–caffeine combination group. There was no effect by either drug or the drug combination on the static tactile allodynia produced by spinal nerve ligation in the ipsilateral paw. However, chronic amitriptyline administration induced a tactile hyperaesthesia in the contralateral paw at all time intervals, and this effect was exacerbated by concomitant chronic caffeine administration. The results of this study indicate that chronic administration of amitriptyline is effective in alleviating thermal hyperalgesia, but not static tactile allodynia, in the hindpaw ipsilateral to nerve injury, and the block of this effect by caffeine suggests that this effect is partially achieved through manipulation of endogenous adenosine systems. Additionally, chronic amitriptyline administration induces contralateral hyperaesthetic responses that are augmented by caffeine. Both the symptom-specific effect, and adenosine involvement in amitriptyline action may be important considerations governing its use in neuropathic pain.     

Actions of N-arachidonyl-glycine in a rat neuropathic pain model

While cannabinoid receptor agonists reduce the abnormal pain sensations associated with animal models of neuropathic pain states they also produce CB(1) receptor mediated side effects. Recently, a number of arachidonic acid-amino acid conjugates, including N-arachidonyl-glycine (NAGly), have been identified which are structurally related to the endocannabinoid arachidonyl ethanolamide (anandamide). In the present study we examined the effect of NAGly in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Intrathecal administration of NAGly (700 nmol) and the pan-cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-210 (30 nmol) reduced the mechanical allodynia induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. The NAGly induced anti-allodynia was dose dependent and, unlike HU-210, was unaffected by the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor antagonists, AM251 and SR144528 (30 nmol). The NAGly degradation products, arachidonic acid and glycine (700 nmol), did not reduce allodynia. HU-210, but not NAGly produced a reduction in rotarod latency. These findings suggest that NAGly may provide a novel analgesic approach to alleviate neuropathic pain.     

Antihyperalgesic effect of levetiracetam in neuropathic pain models in rats

The purpose of this study was to assess, in rats, the antinociceptive effects of levetiracetam (i.p.), a novel antiepileptic drug, in acute pain tests and in two models of human neuropathic pain. Levetiracetam and carbamazepine contrasted morphine by an absence of effect in the tail flick and hot plate tests. In normal rats, carbamazepine failed to modify the vocalisation thresholds to paw pressure whereas levetiracetam slightly increased this threshold only at the highest dose (540 mg/kg) for 30 min. In the sciatic nerve with chronic constriction injury model, the highest dose of levetiracetam (540 mg/kg) and carbamazepine (30 mg/kg) reversed the hyperalgesia. In streptozocin-induced diabetic rats, levetiracetam dose-dependently increased the vocalization threshold from 17 to 120 mg/kg reaching a similar effect as 10 mg/kg of carbamazepine. These results indicate that levetiracetam induces an antihyperalgesic effect in two models of human neuropathic pain, suggesting a therapeutic potential in neuropathic pain patients.