9例伴有3q21q26结构重排的血液病患者临床及实验室研究

目的探讨恶性血液病伴有t(3;3)(q21;q26)或inv(3)(q21q26)患者临床及实验室特点。方法骨髓细胞24h短期培养后制备染色体标本,R技术显带后进行核型分析;链霉卵白素-碱性磷酸酶(Streptavidin-AKP,SAP)法检测小巨核细胞;流式细胞仪间接免疫荧光法检测白细胞表面抗原,综合分析临床和实验室资料。结果9例染色体核型为t(3;3)(q21;q26)或inv(3)(q21q26)的患者均存在明显的病态造血,对化学治疗反应差,其中1例行异基因造血干细胞移植后短期复发。结论3q21q26综合征可见于各型恶性血液病,具有独特的临床特征,预后极差。     

MiR-26b inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation,migration, and invasion by targeting EphA2

Deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in cancer progression as a result of changes in expression of their target genes. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-16b in eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, revealed the roles of miR-26b on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and confirmed that EphA2 is a direct target of miR-26b. The miR-26b expression was decreased and EphA2 expression was evaluated in HCC cell lines. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-26b inhibited EphA2 expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region of EphA2 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-26b dramatically inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells by targeting EphA2. Moreover, miR-26b down-regulated c-Myc and CyclinD1 expression, which was reversed by overexpressed EphA2. Taken together, our data demonstrated the mechanism of miR-26b contributed to HCC progression and implicated that miR-26b’s potential in HCC therapy.     

Tumor Heterogeneity Revealed by KRAS,BRAF, and PIK3CA Pyrosequencing: KRAS and PIK3CA Intratumor Mutation Profile Differences and Their Therapeutic Implications

Current clinical problems in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnostics and therapeutics include the disease complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and resistance to targeted therapeutics. In the present study, we examined 171 CRC adenocarcinomas from Greek patients undergoing surgery for CRC to determine the frequency of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA point mutations from different areas of tumors in heterogeneous specimens. Ninety two out of 171 (53.8%) patients were found to bear a KRAS mutation in codons 12/13. Of the 126 mutations found, 57.9% (73/126) were c.38G>A mutations (p.G13D) and 22.2% (28/126) were c.35G>T (p.G12V). Remarkably, RAS mutations in both codons 12 and 13 were recorded in the same tumor by pyrosequencing. Moreover, differences in KRAS mutations between tumor center and periphery revealed tumor heterogeneity in 50.7% of the specimens. BRAF c.1799T>A (V600E) mutations were moderately detected in 4/171 (2.3%) specimens, whereas most PIK3CA mutations were revealed by pyrosequencing 6/171 (3.5%). Remarkable tumor heterogeneity is revealed, where double mutations of KRAS in the same tumor and different KRAS mutation status between tumor core and margin are detected with high frequency. It is expected that these findings will have a major impact in cancer diagnosis and personalized therapies.     

Effect of DAPK1 gene on proliferation,migration, and invasion of carcinoma of pancreas BxPC-3 cell line

DAPK1 can induce apoptosis in several cells; to determine the effect of DAPK1 would provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DAPK1 gene on proliferation, migration, and invasion of carcinoma of pancreas BxPC-3 cell line and explore the possible mechanisms. In our study, DAPK1 over-expressed cells were established by using the lentiviral transfection method, and DAPK1 obviously increased in BxPC-3 cells after transient transfection. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the BxPC-3 cells proliferation after transfection. Apoptosis of the BxPC-3 cells was determined by using flow cytometry analysis. In addition, cell adhesion assay and in vitro invasion assay were performed. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expressions of caspase-3, DAPK1, VEGF, PEDF, MMP2, AKT, P-AKT, P-ERK, Bcl2, and Bax. Our results demonstrated that DAPK1 gene over-expression can suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of carcinoma of pancreas BxPC-3 cell line, and the possible mechanisms may be correlated to induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, down-regulations of MMP-2 and VEGF, up-regulations of PEDF, through the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways.     

Constitutive fragile sites 1p31, 3p14, 6q26, and 16q23 and their use as controls for false-negative results with the fragile(X)

Fragile(X) estimations in fragile(X)-mental retardation hemizygotes or heterozygotes can become falsely negative in stored blood (lymphocytes). This was shown in blood stored (before culture) at 4°C, room temperature (25°C), 37°C, and 39°C for 1–4 days. After storage, blood was cultured in Ham's F10-5% FC serum with 0.1 μM FUdR and scored for fra(X) and the constitutive fragile sites at 3p14 and 6q26. It was found that the proportion of cells expressing the fragile(X) and the 3p14 site varied inversely with the temperature and time of storage. In addition, 50 patients and controls were scored for the three latter sites after routine 72–96-hr culture in F 10–0.05 or 0.1 μM FUdR. The 3p14 site was detected in every individual tested in a mean ± S.D. of 11.3 ± 3.2% of cells (0.1 μM FUdR). It was found that this site was FUdR dose dependent whereas the 6q26 site was not. The 3p14 (but not the 6q26) site is therefore suitable as a control site for the FUdR effect. It is proposed that repeat studies are necessary when less then 4% 3p14 sites are present in specimens from males referred for fra(X) estimation. Other constitutive fragile sites (eg, 1p31 and 16q23) can also be used.     

IQGAP1, a negative regulator of cell-cell adhesion, is upregulated by gene amplification at 15q26 in gastric cancer cell lines HSC39 and 40A

Our previous comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study revealed a novel amplified region at 15q26 in two cell lines established from diffuse types of gastric cancer (GC). In this amplified region, FES and IGF1R, known targets on 15q26, were located telomeric to the amplicon in the two cell lines, HSC39 and 40A, suggesting that another tumor-associated gene exists in this region. While screening expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for novel genes in this region, we identified the IQGAP1 amplification. IQGAP1 has been reported to encode a ras GAP-related protein, and its interaction with cadherin and/or β-catenin induces a dissociation of β-catenin from the cadherin-catenin complex, one of the mechanisms for cell-cell adhesion. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that amplification of this gene was accompanied by corresponding increases in mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, immunocytochemical staining showed that overexpressed IQGAP1 accumulated at the membrane, suggesting its colocalization with β-catenin. Taken together, these findings suggest that IQGAP1 may be one of the target genes in the 15q26 amplicon correlated with a malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells, such as diffuse and invasive characteristics, through the disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Received: September 20, 2000 / Accepted: October 17, 2000     

Inhibition of tissue factor/protease-activated receptor-2 signaling limits proliferation,migration and invasion of malignant glioma cells

Tissue factor (TF) is upregulated in several malignant diseases, including gliomas. Here, we demonstrate pronounced differences in the expression of TF and its interactors factor VII and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) in nine human glioma cell lines (U87, U251, U343, U373, MZ-18, MZ-54, MZ-256, MZ-304, Hs 683) as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Inhibition of TF signaling by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb TF9-10H10) led to significantly reduced proliferation in high-grade astroglial (MZ-18 and MZ-304) and oligodendroglial (Hs 683) cell lines abundantly expressing TF, but not in U373 cells expressing low amounts of TF. Scratch migration assays and Boyden chamber assays indicated that mAb TF9-10H10 and lentiviral knockdown of TF significantly reduced cell migration and invasion of MZ-18, MZ-304 and Hs 683 cells, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Of note, all three cell lines displayed increased cell migration and invasion under hypoxic conditions (1% O₂), which was associated with enhanced expression of TF and increased phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2). Silencing of TF blocked activation of the ERK pathway, induction of TF expression and the potentiating effect of hypoxia on cell migration and invasion. RNA interference against PAR-2 abrogated the autocrine effects of TF on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, indicating that TF signals via PAR-2 in glioma cells. Our results suggest an important role for the TF/FVIIa/PAR-2/ERK axis in tumor growth and invasion of glioma and suggest that TF may be a suitable target for the development of novel therapies against high-grade glioma.     

血管细胞黏附分子-1增强人脑胶质瘤细胞系迁移和侵袭能力

目的探讨血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)在脑胶质瘤细胞迁移侵袭能力中作用。方法用慢病毒p SGU6/GFP/Neo介导VCAM-1的shRNA、慢病毒EF1a-GFP/puro介导VCAM-1过表达载体、划痕迁移、Transwell侵袭、蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)和细胞染色等实验技术和方法,观察了VCAM-1蛋白表达水平对人脑胶质瘤T98G和U251细胞系细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。其中,T98G细胞分为空白对照组、空载体对照组、乱序对照组和实验组(抑制VCAM-1蛋白表达水平组),U251细胞分为空白对照组、空载体对照组和实验组(过表达VCAM-1组),每组6个复孔。结果首先利用慢病毒介导VCAM-1的shRNA和过表达载体建立了稳定低表达VCAM-1的T98G细胞和稳定过表达VCAM-1的U251细胞。稳定低表达VCAM-1的T98G细胞划痕恢复能力(迁移能力)明显减弱(P0.01);而稳定过表达VCAM-1的U251细胞迁移能力明显提高(P0.05)。同样,稳定低表达VCAM-1的T98G细胞侵袭能力显著减弱(P0.05);而稳定过表达VCAM-1的U251细胞侵袭能力明显增强(P0.01)。结论VCAM-1可显著增强人脑胶质瘤细胞系细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。     

EGCG通过下调COX-2和MMP-2表达抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)下调COX-2及MMP-2的表达、抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞迁移及侵袭的作用机制。方法:MTT法检测EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞的活性,确定药物作用浓度;细胞侵袭与迁移实验检测EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞的迁移与侵袭能力;Western blotting对比分析EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞COX-2和MMP-2的表达。通过肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)促进COX-2的表达,观察EGCG是否通过COX-2/MMP-2通路抑制肿瘤的迁移侵袭。结果:细胞侵袭与迁移实验发现,EGCG对SWO-38细胞的迁移和侵袭能力有抑制作用,与对照组SWO-38细胞相比较,有显著差异(P0.01)。Western blotting发现经过EGCG处理24h后,SWO-38细胞COX-2和MMP-2蛋白的表达水平降低,提示EGCG抑制SWO-38迁移的机制可能与该药物抑制COX-2的表达而降低SWO-38细胞酶解细胞外基质的能力相关。结论:EGCG抑制了人脑胶质瘤SWO-38细胞的迁移与侵袭,其机制与EGCG抑制COX-2表达后,调节了MMP-2诱导的酶解细胞外基质的能力相关。     

Participation of tumor suppressors long non-coding RNA MEG3, microRNA-377 and PTEN in glioma cell invasion and migration

PurposeGlioma is a common and fatal intracranial tumor. Both miR-377 and lncRNA MEG3 are tumor suppressors. This study was performed to investigate the association between miR-377 and lncRNA MEG3 in glioma cells.MethodsU118 and U251 cell lines were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with miR-377 mimics, MEG3 siRNA (si-MEG3) and/or MEG3 overexpression plasmids (pc-MEG3) for 48 h. Cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and the expression of E26 tansformation-specific-1 (ETS-1), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), E-cadherin, N-cadherin and β-catenin were detected.ResultsMiR-377 mimics increased MEG3 expression and decreased the number of migrated and invaded U118 and U251 cells, without influence on apoptosis in both cell lines. Si-MEG3 transfection increased U118 cell migration and invasion and rescued miR-377 mimics-induced inhibitory in cell migration and invasion. Si-MEG3 decreased U118 cell apoptosis and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and pc-MEG3 increased U251 cell apoptosis via arresting cell cycle at G2/M phage. MiR-377 mimics and si-MEG3 increased the relative expression level of N-cadherin mRNA, and both si-MEG3 and pc-MEG3 increased E-cadherin in glioma cells. MiR-377 mimics increased ETS-1 mRNA in U118 cells, but decreased it in U251 cells. PTEN was increased by miR-377 mimics and si-MEG3 and decreased by pc-MEG3 in glioma cells.ConclusionsThese results suggested the link interaction of MEG3 with miR-377 and PTEN, but not functioning as the competing endogenous RNA. MiR-377 mimics and MEG3 were tumor suppressors in glioma cells through regulating PTEN expression.     

非小细胞肺癌患者中PIK3CA基因突变的临床特征和预后

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌PIK3 CA基因突变的临床特征和预后.方法:回顾性分析16例PIK3 CA基因突变的非小细胞肺癌临床特征,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank法进行生存率显著性检验.结果:非小细胞肺癌中PIK3 CA基因突变率3.09％(16/517),中位总生存时间23.0个月,其中复合突变12例,中位总生存时间28.0个月,单纯突变4例,中位总生存时间21.0个月,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.06);伴随EGFR基因突变5例,中位总生存时间28.5个月,不伴随EGFR基因突变11例,中位总生存时间21个月(P=0.45);伴随TP53基因突变4例,中位总生存时间30.6个月,不伴随TP53基因突变12例,中位总生存时间21.0个月(P=0.51).结论:PIK3CA基因突变非小细胞肺癌临床特征上无特异性,但复合突变比单纯突变临床可能获益更多.     

长链非编码RNA HOTAIR通过调控PIK3R3促进肝癌HepG2细胞的转移和侵袭

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA HOX转录反义RNA(HOTAIR)对肝癌Hep G2细胞转移和侵袭的影响。方法:运用免疫组化技术检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基3(phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3,PIK3R3)在正常肝脏组织和肝癌组织的表达;运用q PCR和Western blot检测慢病毒LV3-sh HOTAIR和LV3-sh PIK3R3对HOTAIR和PIK3R3基因的沉默效率;Transwell侵袭实验检测HOTAIR和PIK3R3的表达对肝癌细胞Hep G2侵袭能力的影响;划痕实验检测HOTAIR和PIK3R3的表达对肝癌细胞Hep G2迁移能力的影响;q PCR检测沉默HOTAIR和PIK3R3后miR-214的表达;q PCR检测转染miR-214 mimics和miR-214 inhibitor后HOTAIR和PIK3R3的表达;双萤光素酶报告基因系统检测miR-214对HOTAIR和PIK3R3转录活性的影响。结果:和正常肝组织比较,PIK3R3在肝癌组织中的表达明显增加;沉默HOTAIR和PIK3R3基因后,肝癌细胞株Hep G2的侵袭和转移能力明显降低;沉默HOTAIR和PIK3R3基因后,miR-214表达上调;转染miR-214 mimics后,HOTAIR和PIK3R3的表达降低;转染miR-214 inhibitor后,HOTAIR和PIK3R3的表达上调;双萤光素酶报告基因系统检测结果显示miR-214可以直接调控HOTAIR和PIK3R3的转录活性。结论:HOTAIR可以通过miR-214调控PIK3R3的表达,从而促进肝癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力     

Combined assessment of 3q26 amplification and promoter methylation in patients with high grade cervical lesions show age specific differences

A considerable proportion of high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN2/3) are known to resolve on their own especially among young women. However, since reliable prognostic markers are still lacking, the diagnosis “CIN3” is still an indication for surgery which may result in overtreatment. It is conceivable that a combination of different, ideally independent molecular markers may provide more reliable results. In the present cross‐sectional study two established triage markers, 3q26 amplification and a methylation signature, were evaluated in an age‐dependent manner. The patient cohort comprised 60 patients with histologically confirmed CIN2/3 in two equally sized age groups (<30 years, ≥30 years). Cervical scrapes were analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for 3q26 amplification and methylation specific PCR (GynTect®) for six different genome regions. Both assays showed a significantly different pattern of test outcome independent of age (P = .001). Moreover, the combination of both assays differed significantly for double positive and double negative cases when comparing the two age groups: In patients <30 years there were clearly less cases with positive methylation signature and amplification of 3q26 as in women ≥30 years (23% vs 63%, Bonferroni adjusted P = .016). Of particular interest is the finding that double negative results were exclusive for the young age group (0% vs 27%, Bonferroni adjusted P = .020). Since regression of CIN2/3 characteristically occurs among young women it is tempting to speculate that a double negative test result could be prognostic for regression of CIN2/3. This will have to be investigated further in a prospective longitudinal intervention study.     

Genetic association between PIK3CA gene and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case control study conducted in Chongqing,China

PIK3CA has been shown to be involved in many malignant tumors. This study was designed to determine the expression level of PIK3CA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the association of gene polymorphisms of PIK3CA with OSCC in Chinese population. The expression of PIK3CA was detected by real-time PCR in tumor and pericarcinomatous tissues of 10 OSCC patients. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PIK3CA (rs1607237, rs17849079, rs2677764, rs2699887, rs4855094, rs4975596, rs6443624, rs7651265 and rs7736074) in blood of 113 OSCC patients and 184 normal controls were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay. The gene expression of PIK3CA was significantly higher in tumor tissues of OSCC patients than that in pericarcinomatous tissues (P = 0.012). An increased frequency of the C allele of PIK3CA rs1607237 was observed in OSCC patients as compared with controls; However, the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.048, p_c = 0.576). In further stratification analysis, although the frequencies of PIK3CA rs4975596 A allele in male patients and rs1607237 C allele in female patients were increased (P = 0.032, P = 0.020, respectively), the significance was also missing when Bonferroni correction was performed (P _c = 0.384, (P _c = 0.24, respectively). The prevalence of other SNPs of PIK3CA did not differ between OSCC patients and controls. The expression of PIK3CA was increased in OSCC tumors; however, none of the nine tested SNPs of PIK3CA was associated with susceptibility to OSCC in the studied population.     

Prognostic value of the PIK3CA,AKT, and PTEN mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: literature review

Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.     

Expression of gelatinise/type IV collagenase in tumor necrosis correlates with cell detachment and tumor invasion

We have previously observed that acellular extracts from necrotic areas (NE) of the non-metastatic murine mammary adenocarcinoma M3, enhancein vitro cell detachment and spontaneous lung metastases. In the present study, using different proteinase inhibitors along with NE, only the calcium chelator EDTA could significantly abrogate the enhanced cell detachment from M3 produced by NE. The typical cleavage products of type IV collagenase were detected inside the tumor necrotic area, mainly in association with necrobiotic cells, as evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical assays. Zymography revealed the presence of 72- and 92-kDa gelatinise/type IV collagenase in NE. Moreover, NE increased thein vitro invasive ability of cultured M3 cells. The use of specific antibodies against both 72- and 92-kDa type IV collagenases in the invasion assay showed that only the latter was able to revert the enhanced invasiveness to the baseline. It can be concluded that tumor necrosis is an important source of gelatinise/type IV collagenase, mainly in its 92 kDa form, and plays a major role in tumor invasion.