钙调素拮抗剂E6对大鼠神经细胞内钙的影响

目的　观察钙调素拮抗剂E6对神经细胞静息[Ca2 +]i、KCl (5 0mmol·L-1)和谷氨酸 (glutamicacid ,Glu ,0 1mmol·L-1)引起的神经细胞 [Ca2 +]i 升高的影响。方法　用Ca2 +敏感荧光指示剂Fura 2 /AM负载大鼠脑细胞 ,测定神经细胞内游离Ca2 +浓度 ([Ca2 +]i)。结果　E6可升高神经细胞静息 [Ca2 +]i,EC50 为 6 6 8μmol·L-1;无外Ca2 +条件下 ,也升高 [Ca2 +]i,EC50 为 1 30 μmol·L-1,说明E6主要是通过促进细胞内贮存Ca2 +释放引起内Ca2 +升高。E6抑制KCl升高细胞 [Ca2 +]i 的IC50 为 6 0 μmol·L-1;抑制Glu激发的细胞 [Ca2 +]i 升高的IC50 为 0 15 μmol·L-1。结论　E6可能是通过与细胞内钙调素 (Calmodulin ,CaM)结合后 ,影响兴奋性氨基酸受体的开放和电压依赖性钙通道的活性状态 ,表现出对由去极化或受体激动剂引起的内Ca2 +升高的抑制作用     

小檗胺对ROCC介导的血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙的影响

目的　研究小檗胺 (BA)对受体调控性Ca2 +通道介导的家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙 ([Ca2 +]i)的影响。方法　家兔主动脉血管平滑肌以Fluo 3/AM负载 ,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 (LSCM )测定 [Ca2 +]i。结果　在细胞外Ca2 +存在的条件下 ,BA 30 μmol·L-1不影响静息[Ca2 +]i;但对去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 30mmol·L-1、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 1μmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高有明显的抑制作用。在无胞外钙时 ,对咖啡因 40mmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高没有作用。结论　BA对ROCC激活后的外钙内流有明显的抑制作用 ,对内钙释放没有影响。其作用与维拉帕米相似     

T型钙通道在心肌肥厚大鼠心肌细胞钙内流中的作用

目的研究T型钙通道在心肌细胞钙离子内流中的作用及其对心脏兴奋收缩耦联的可能影响。方法测定选择性T型钙通道阻滞剂米贝拉地尔对培养的SD乳大鼠心室肌细胞和二肾一夹心肌肥厚大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响。结果血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激使乳大鼠心室肌舒张期细胞[Ca2+]i增高,收缩期细胞[Ca2+]i降低,[Ca2+]i上升和下降的时间延长。米贝拉地尔1.25～5μmol·L-1浓度依赖性降低AngⅡ引起的细胞[Ca2+]i变化。在心肌肥厚模型大鼠,咖啡因刺激后,[Ca2+]i增幅和最高[Ca2+]i明显降低。而米贝拉地尔25mg·kg-1·d-1(灌胃给药7～9周)组加入咖啡因刺激后细胞内[Ca2+]i增幅和最高[Ca2+]i明显增高。结论T型钙通道异常开放可以引起心肌细胞内钙超载。阻断T型钙通道,可能通过改善肌浆网摄取及释放钙的功能而抑制心肌细胞钙超载。     

小檗碱对豚鼠心室肌细胞胞浆内游离钙离子浓度的影响

研究小檗碱对豚鼠心肌细胞胞浆 [Ca2 + ]i 的影响 .用酶解法分离单个豚鼠心肌细胞 ,Fluo- 3/AM标记胞浆内游离钙离子 ,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜实时测定胞浆 [Ca2 + ]i变化 .结果 ,小檗碱 1 -1 0 0 μmol· L-1对正常台氏液中静息状态细胞胞浆[Ca2 + ]i 无明显影响 ;小檗碱 1 μmol·L-1对 KCl30mmol·L-1引起的细胞外钙内流有抑制作用 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,而小檗碱 1 0 0 μmol·L-1对细胞内钙库释放有强烈激动作用 ( P<0 .0 1 ) .结果提示在豚鼠心肌细胞上低浓度小檗碱即能抑制电压依赖性钙通道 ,而高浓度时又能激动细胞内钙库释放 .     

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽减轻谷氨酸引起的大鼠海马神经元细胞内钙离子浓度升高的可能机理

目的　探讨垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽 38(PACAP 38)稳定海马神经元细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2 + ]i)作用的可能机理。方法　取新生SD大鼠海马 ,用B2 7无血清培养基培养神经元 ;经Fura 2 /AM标记后 ,共聚焦显微镜下测定 [Ca2 + ]i。结果PACAP 38(10pmol·L- 1)能抑制谷氨酸 (5 0 0 μmol·L- 1)所致海马神经元 [Ca2 + ]i 升高 ,而Rp型硫化环腺苷酸 (2 0 μmol·L- 1)或氯化白屈菜赤碱 (0 .1μmol·L- 1)能阻断PACAP 38的抑制作用。二丁基环腺苷酸 (0 .1～ 10 0 μmol·L- 1)和豆寇酰佛波醇乙酯(0 .0 1～ 10 μmol·L- 1)也能抑制谷氨酸引起的海马神经元 [Ca2 + ]i 升高。结论　PACAP 38减轻谷氨酸引起的海马神经元 [Ca2 + ]i 升高可能与激活细胞内蛋白激酶A和蛋白激酶C信号转导系统有关     

丹酚酸B镁抑制ATP和KCl诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞内钙的升高

目的研究丹酚酸B镁(M agnesium lithosperm ate B,MLB)对去内皮离体血管舒缩反应以及对血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度[Ca2+]i的影响。方法去内皮大鼠胸主动脉血管环等张收缩实验和采用钙离子荧光指示剂F luo-3,运用F-4500阳离子测定系统动态检测胸主动脉平滑肌细胞[Ca2+]i。结果血管舒缩实验显示,无钙或常钙条件下MLB对血管基础张力均无作用。MLB 50~200μmol.L-1预给药组抑制无钙条件下苯肾上腺素(PE)1μmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩以及常钙条件下KC l 60 mmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩,并呈浓度相关性。而钙离子通道阻滞剂维拉帕米(Ver)10μmol.L-1则完全阻断KC l诱导的血管收缩。在复钙实验中观察到,MLB 50~200μmol.L-1不仅抑制PE 1μmol.L-1诱导的内钙依赖性血管收缩,而且对复钙后外钙依赖性的血管收缩也有抑制作用。细胞内钙测定实验表明,MLB预孵育的AVSMCs静息态[Ca2+]i没有变化。无钙条件下,MLB 50、100和200μmol.L-1抑制ATP20μmol.L-1诱导内钙释放引起的[Ca2+]i升高,抑制率分别为17.4%、32.4%和61.1%,显示较好的浓度相关性。AVSMCs于常钙条件下用Thapsigargin耗竭钙库后,KCl 60 mmol.L-1诱发外钙内流,引起[Ca2+]i升高,10μmol.L-1的Ver则能完全阻断这种外钙内流。在MLB预给药组,KCl诱导的[Ca2+]i升高降低,抑制率分别为20.0%、32.8%和52.6%。结论MLB能够抑制PE、高K+和复Ca2+诱导的血管收缩,并能抑制ATP和KCl诱导的血管平滑肌细胞内钙的升高,提示MLB对血管平滑肌细胞内钙的影响可能与抑制细胞内钙释放和电压依赖性钙通道有关。     

15-HETE对肺动脉平滑肌细胞钙离子浓度的影响

目的　通过阻断细胞外钙离子 (Ca2+ )内流,观察 15 羟化二十烷四烯酸 ( 15 HETE)对兔肺动脉环收缩张力和肺动脉平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度 ( [Ca2+ ]i)的影响,探讨缺氧时 15 HETE引起细胞钙动员的机制。方法　采用组织浴槽血管环方法观察L 型钙通道阻断剂硝苯地平和无钙液对15 HETE诱导的兔肺动脉环收缩力的影响;酶法分离培养兔肺动脉平滑肌细胞,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测定 15 HETE对细胞内 [Ca2+ ]i的作用。结果　在正常组和缺氧组, 10μmol·L-1硝苯地平和无钙液对 1μmol·L-1 15 HETE引起的肺动脉环收缩均没有影响;培养的 15 HETE组细胞 (正常培养的细胞暴露于 1 μmol·L-1 15 HETE下继续孵育 8min)与正常对照组相比,细胞内 [Ca2+ ]i明显增加 (P<0 05)。结论　15 HETE可引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞 [Ca2+ ]i增加,且此钙来源于细胞内贮钙库的释放。     

羊角拗苷对豚鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的观察羊角拗苷(Div)对豚鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙离子([Ca2+]i)浓度的影响,以探讨Div正性肌力作用的机制。方法Fura-2/AM荧光探针标记豚鼠心室肌细胞,应用荧光离子成像系统观察Div800nmol.L-1对心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响。结果在正常台氏液中,Div使心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i显著升高(243±36)%,在无钙液中对[Ca2+]i无明显影响。在无Na+、无K+台氏液中,Div使[Ca2+]i升高(96±20)%。给予L型钙通道阻滞剂CdCl2100μmol.L-1预处理后,Div仍使[Ca2+]i升高(63±10)%。给予T型钙通道阻滞剂NiCl240μmol.L-1预处理后,Div引起的[Ca2+]i升高基本被阻断。结论体外应用Div800nmol.L-1时使豚鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i升高,该升高作用依赖于细胞外Ca2+的存在,可能主要由T型钙通道介导,L型钙通道和Na+-Ca2+交换蛋白亦参与其中。其正性肌力作用与心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i升高有关。     

超低分子肝素对原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经元化学诱导损伤的保护作用

目的探讨超低分子肝素(ULMWH)对不同化学诱导损伤大脑皮质神经元的保护作用。方法谷氨酸、叠氮钠、KCl和咖啡因诱导损伤原代培养的大鼠大脑皮质神经元,观察神经元存活率、培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量及细胞内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)。结果ULMWH(0.01～1.0mg.L-1)预处理24h可显著提高谷氨酸损伤神经元的存活率,降低细胞LDH的漏出量和[Ca2+]i,高浓度(1.0mg.L-1)时对叠氮钠引起的神经元损伤也有一定的保护作用,但对咖啡因和KCl所致的神经元损伤无影响。结论ULMWH对谷氨酸和叠氮钠所致大鼠大脑皮质神经元损伤有一定的保护作用,可能与其抑制[Ca2+]i升高有关;但不能对抗KCl和咖啡因所致的皮质神经元损伤。     

家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内钙动员及小檗胺作用的共聚焦研究(英文)

观察小檗胺 ( Ber)对高钾除极 ,Bay K8644,5-羟色胺 ( 5- HT)及咖啡因升高细胞内钙水平( [Ca2 + ]i)的影响。以 Fluo- 3/AM负载家兔培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞 ( VSMC) ,共聚焦显微术测定[Ca2 + ]i,结果以荧光强度 ( FI)表示 .结果 :( 1 )在细胞外钙为 1 .3mmol· L-1时 ,VSMC胞浆静息 FI明显高于核区 ,且不受 Ber的影响 . ( 2 ) Ber 1 0 -1 0 0 μmol·L-1预处理可抑制 KCl60 mmol·L-1或Bay K86441 0 0 μmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i,抑制 5-HT 1μmol· L-1升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的持续相 ,但不影响[Ca2 + ]i 的一过性升高。维拉帕米 1 0 μmol· L-1具有相似作用 . ( 3)在无钙 Hanks液中 ,Ber预处理对咖啡因 1 0 0 mmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i 无明显抑制作用。结果表明 ,Ber可阻断外钙内流 ,但不抑制内钙释放 ,这可能与 Ber阻断电压依赖性钙通道和受体依赖性钙通道的作用有关 .     

The role of caffeine-sensitive calcium stores in the regulation of the intracellular free calcium concentration in rat sympathetic neurons in vitro

Intracellular Ca2+ stores were studied in sympathetic neurons grown in primary culture from the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. The [Ca2+]i was measured in single cells using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2 and a sensitive microfluorimeter. Superfusion of the cells with 10 mM caffeine elicited a rapid and transient increase in [Ca2+]i in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating the presence of a caffeine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ storage site. After depletion of the store by mobilization of Ca2+ with caffeine, it could be refilled by elevating [Ca2+]i, allowing multiple caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transients to be elicited from a single neuron. Ryanodine (1 microM), an alkaloid that promotes Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was an effective inhibitor of the caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transients in sympathetic neurons. Exposure to ryanodine in the presence of caffeine was required to produce a subsequent inhibition of the caffeine-induced response, suggesting a "use-dependent" inhibition that may result from depletion of the Ca2+ stores. In contrast, dantrolene Na (10 microM), an agent known to interfere with Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, also blocked the caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transients, but in a time-dependent rather than a use-dependent manner. Electrophysiological measurements using the whole cell version of the patch-clamp technique were made simultaneously with [Ca2+]i microfluorimetric recordings. The magnitude of the [Ca2+]i transients elicited by step depolarizations closely paralleled the magnitude of Ca2+ influx via voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, regardless of whether the magnitude of the Ca2+ current was modified by varying the test pulse duration or potential. The relationship between the magnitude of Ca2+ influx and the resulting increase in [Ca2+]i saturated at large Ca2+ influxes resulting from long depolarizations, consistent with the activation of a large capacity, low affinity [Ca2+]i buffering mechanism. Caffeine (10 mM) and ryanodine (10 microM), applied singly or together, produced a small and variable decrease in the [Ca2+]i transient resulting from cell depolarization using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We conclude that mammalian sympathetic neurons possess intracellular Ca2+ stores with pharmacological characteristics that closely resemble those found in muscle but that these are relatively small and produce little amplification of [Ca2+]i transients resulting from Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels.     

Ca2+ entry activated by emptying of intracellular Ca2+ stores in ileal smooth muscle of the rat.

1. The effects of depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores on muscle tension and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+])i were studied in fura-2 loaded longitudinal smooth muscle cells of the rat ileum. 2. After exposure to a Ca(2+)-free solution, application of Ca2+ caused a small contraction and a rise in [Ca2+]i, both of which were potentiated when the muscle was challenged with carbachol or caffeine before the addition of Ca2+. 3. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a specific inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, dose-dependently decreased tension development and the rises in [Ca2+]i induced by carbachol and caffeine in the Ca(2+)-free solution, but conversely increased the Ca(2+)-induced responses even in the presence of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockers, methoxyverapamil and nifedipine. 4. The contraction and rise in [Ca2+]i evoked by Ca2+ gradually declined with time after removal of CPA, while the reverse was the case for the responses to carbachol and caffeine. 5. The Ca(2+)-induced contraction and rise in [Ca2+]i in the presence of CPA were inhibited by the replacement of Na+ with K+ or Cs+, and by the addition of Cd2+, Ba2+, Ni2+ or La3+. 6. The influx of Mn2+ was much greater in extent in the presence of CPA than in its absence. 7. These results suggest that the emptying of intracellular Ca2+ stores may activate Ca2+ influx not associated with voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the rat ileal smooth muscle.     

低浓度的哇巴因引起豚鼠心室肌细胞内钙增高的可能途径

目的观察哇巴因(ouabain,OUA)对豚鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响。方法酶解分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,负载Fluo3-AM,激光共聚焦显微镜术测定单个心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的荧光密度,结果用相对荧光强度(FI-FI0)/FI0(%)表示,其中,FI0:给药前的荧光密度值,FI:给药后的荧光密度值。结果在正常台氏液及无钙台氏液中,OUA(1×10-9~1×10-6mol·L-1)浓度依赖性地升高细胞内钙浓度,在正常台氏液分别为16.7±6.8(P<0.01)、26.0±4.7(P<0.01)、183.0±101.0(P<0.01)、295.0±172.0(P<0.01),而在无钙台氏液中OUA升高[Ca2+]i不如在正常台氏液中,分别为9.19±4.73(P<0.05)、20.75±5.2(P<0.05)、85.79±64.7(P<0.05)、231.0±26.0(P<0.05)。肌浆网钙通道抑制剂理阿诺碱Ryanodine(1×10-5mol·L-1)可部分抑制正常台氏液时OUA的效应5.3±2.1(P<0.01)。在无钠无钾台氏液中,OUA(1×10-9~1×10-6mol·L-1)对心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响分别为16.5±6.5、25.0±5.0、162.0±45.0、280.0±96.0与正常台氏液比较无差别(P>0.05)。蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂三羟异黄酮(genistein,GST;1、10、50、100μmol·L-1)可浓度依赖性地抑制正常台氏液中的OUA效应,分别为17.5±3.1、14.2±8.9、0.8±7.6(P<0.05)、-1.9±6.7(P<0.01)。L-型钙通道激动剂BayK8644,肌浆网钙通道开放剂Ryanodine(1×10-7mol.L-1)在正常台氏液中均可提高[Ca2+]i为13.3±3.2(P<0.05)、6.4±5.6(P<0.05)。三羟异黄酮可取消其效应为-13.0±21.0(P<0.01)、-1.6±5.9(P<0.01)。结论低浓度的OUA升高豚鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度,此作用与其开放钙通道及促进内钙释放有关,且信号转导通过此二途径起作用。     

超低分子量肝素抑制神经细胞内钙释放保护谷氨酸损伤原代培养大鼠神经元

目的探讨超低分子量肝素(ultra low molecular weight heparin,ULMWH)对谷氨酸(Glu)诱导原代培养大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用体外培养大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞,建立谷氨酸(Glu)诱导损伤模型,采用MTT法检测细胞活力、Hoechest33258染色法观察凋亡细胞形态改变和检测凋亡细胞数。同时,采用Fura-2/AM双波长荧光分光光度法测定神经细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)。结果提前应用ULMWH可提高Glu损伤神经细胞的生存能力,降低Glu诱导的凋亡细胞数。同时,ULM-WH不论是在含Ca2+测量介质还是在无Ca2+测量介质中均可降低神经细胞[Ca2+]i。结论ULMWH对Glu损伤神经细胞具有保护作用,该作用可能与其抑制神经细胞内Ca2+释放而降低胞内[Ca2+]i有关。     

Vasopressin-evoked [Ca2+]i responses in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

The presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1 receptors on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) linked to processes capable of elevating intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) is now firmly established. This study examined the sources and signaling involved in [Ca2+]i elevations evoked by AVP in NRCs. AVP promoted increases in both [Ca2+]i and 1,4,5-inositoltrisphosphate (IP3) levels in NRCs. The degree of [Ca2+]i elevation was less than that of angiotensin II, but greater than that of endothelin-1. Extracellular Mg2+ depletion led to diminution of the maximal [Ca2+]i response, with a rightward shift in the concentration-response curves to AVP. The phospholipase C inhibitors, D-609, NCDC, or U73122, and the IP3 receptor blocker, heparin, abolished the [Ca2+]i response to AVP. Neither cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin nor PKC inhibition with staurosporine had any effect. Neither ryanodine nor caffeine, which deplete sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores, nor ruthenium red, which inhibits both SR and mitochondrial Ca2+ stores, affected [Ca2+]i responses to AVP. The SR Ca2+ pump inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid, abolished, and removal of extracellular Ca2+ attenuated, the response to AVP. These data indicate that activation of cardiac V1 receptors by AVP results in mobilization of Ca2+ from a distinct, non-SR, nonmitochondrial, intracellular Ca2+ pool that is Ca2+ pump replenished and IP3 sensitive. This process occurs secondary to phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated generation of IP3, requires the presence of Mg2+ and extracellular Ca2+, and occurs in a manner independent of PKC and cyclooxygenase activation. Such mechanisms of Ca2+ mobilization might indicate a distinct role for AVP in cardiac physiology and disease.     

Eicosanoid-induced Ca2+ release and sustained contraction in Ca(2+)-free media are mediated by different signal transduction pathways in rat aorta.

1. The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl 4 beta-phorbol 13-acetate (beta-TPA) on the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production, Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ stores and sensitization of contractile apparatus, induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and U46619, a thromboxane A2-mimetic, were studied, using fura-2-loaded and -unloaded rat thoracic aortic strips. 2. Both eicosanoids had characteristic patterns of responses in Ca(2+)-free, 2 mM EGTA-containing solution (Ca(2+)-free solution). They induced transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) without corresponding transient contraction, but produced delayed, sustained contraction, where [Ca2+]i was returned to the basal level. 3. Treatment with beta-TPA for 60 min reduced the eicosanoids-induced IP3 production, suggesting that the treatment inhibits PIP2 breakdown. 4. The treatment also attenuated [Ca2+]i transient induced by the eicosanoids, but not by caffeine (an IP3-independent releaser of stored Ca2+), in fura-2-loaded preparations incubated in Ca(2+)-free solution. 5. In contrast in the presence of beta-TPA, the sustained contractions evoked by the eicosanoids in Ca(2+)-free solution were potentiated, suggesting that the sites of actions of beta-TPA and the eicosanoids may differ from each other. 6. PGF2 alpha and U46619 utilize different and parallel signal transduction pathways to release Ca2+ by IP3 produced by PIP2 breakdown (beta-TPA-sensitive), and to increase the sensitivity of contractile apparatus, in which protein kinase C may not be involved (beta-TPA-insensitive).     

Regenerative caffeine-induced responses in native rabbit aortic endothelial cells.

1. Single native aortic endothelial cells obtained by enzymatic dispersion of the rabbit aortic endothelium were held under voltage clamp using patch pipette and whole-cell membrane currents were measured. In parallel experiments performed on cells from the same batches, the free internal calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, in the cell was estimated by use of the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2. 2. Caffeine (20 mM) applied to the cell evoked an outward current and an initial peak in [Ca2+]i followed by a lower sustained rise (plateau). Ca(2+)-free, EGTA-containing solution applied outside the cells did not reduce these responses. 3. Following caffeine stimulation there was a biphasic rising phase of outward current both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. 4. Application of graded doses of caffeine revealed all-or-none type responses of both the outward current and the rise in [Ca2+]i. 5. Preincubation with lower doses of caffeine reduced the magnitude of both the outward current and the [Ca2+]i transient evoked by 20 mM caffeine. 6. Tetraethylammonium (3 mM) applied to the bathing solution blocked unitary and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) stimulated by Ca(2+)-free solution, but only reduced the outward current evoked by caffeine (20 mM). 7. In conclusion, our results reveal the all-or-none nature of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in native aortic endothelial cells. Lower concentrations of caffeine (0.4-0.5 mM) may deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores. Extracellular Ca2+ is not necessary for maintaining the activity of spontaneous and caffeine-induced outward currents in native aortic endothelial cells. Spontaneous outward currents are believed to represent the sporadic release of calcium from store sites independent of both extracellular Ca2+ and the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores which stimulate the outward current.     

The effect of L-type calcium channel modulators on the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores in guinea-pig intestinal smooth muscle.

1. The action of Ca2+ channel modulators has been examined on the intracellular Ca2+ signal in the longitudinal smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig intestine after exposure to histamine and to agents known to affect intracellular Ca2+ stores. Isometric contraction has been measured simultaneously with front-surface fluorometry of fura 2-loaded preparations. 2. Histamine (10 microM) evoked a phasic and tonic increase in [Ca2+]i and contraction which were both sensitive to the Ca2+ channel blockers, nimodipine and D600. 3. Caffeine (10 mM) evoked in rapid increase in [Ca2+]i which was sustained as long as the preparation was exposed to the drug, whereas the contractile response was only phasic. In the presence of nimodipine 1 microM, the phasic contraction was absent although the fura 2-Ca2+ signal amounted to 32% of the control. 4. Ryanodine (10 microM) evoked a slow increase in [Ca2+]i and a contraction, both of which were reversed after exposure to nimodipine (1 microM) or D600 (10 microM). In the presence of diazoxide (500 microM), a hyperpolarizing agent, the ryanodine-evoked increase in [Ca2+]i and in muscle tone were inhibited. 5. Thapsigargin (1 microM) also produced an increase in [Ca2+]i and a contraction both of which were blocked by nimodipine (1 microM). 6. In Ca2+-free solution, histamine 10 microM evoked non-reproducible phasic Ca2+ signal and contraction. This response was recovered after refilling in Ca2+ containing solution. The recovery was blocked by nimodipine, D600 or diazoxide and was facilitated by the Ca2+ channel activator, Bay K 8644. When the refilling medium was supplemented with thapsigargin, the recovered response was significantly reduced, but Bay K 8644 still had some action. 7. The present results show that blockage of L-type Ca2+ channels inhibited changes in [Ca2+]i evoked by histamine, caffeine and ryanodine which are generally attributed to Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. They also show that when the tissue was exposed to nimodipine, D600 and diazoxide during the procedure of refilling after depletion of intracellular stores, the action of histamine on [Ca2+]i and contraction was blocked. Bay K 8644 had an opposite effect even when the Ca2+ pumping activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was reduced by thapsigargin. This indicates that refilling of intracellular Ca2+ stores depleted by histamine in guinea-pig intestine mainly occurred through L-type Ca2+ channels.     

地塞米松对新生小鼠海马和培养的皮层神经胶质中敏感细胞内钙浓度的影响

目的：研究地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）对神经元和胶质细胞内钙浓度（Ｃａ＾２＋）ｉ的影响,方法：Ｆｕｒａ２－ＡＭ负载小鼠海马细胞（ＮＭＨＣ）和培养的胶质细胞（ＣＣＮ）,单细胞内（Ｃａ＾２＋）ｉ由ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ检测系统测定。结果：Ｄｅｘ使多数ＮＭＨＣ（Ｃａ＾２＋）ｉ浓度依赖地迅速升高,９６个ＮＭＨＣ中公１０％出现（Ｃａ＾２＋）ｉ降低,（Ｃａ＾２＋）ｉ,升高被无镁细胞外液阻滞,被氯化镧逆转,但不受氯化锂影响,     

Rise in intracellular calcium concentration elicited by isradipine in Gin-1 cells.

We performed experiments to examine whether isradipine (Isr), a calcium antagonist, would raise the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in Gin-1 cells and, if so, to elucidate the mechanism of the [Ca2+]i rise. Gin-1 cells, which are human normal gingival fibroblasts were used as the material. The [Ca2+]i was measured with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2/AM. Changes in the fluorescence intensity of fura-2 in the cells were recorded with a video-imaging analysis system. Isr concentration-dependently raised the [Ca2+]i. A Ca2+-free saline significantly inhibited the Isr-induced [Ca2+]i rise. Whereas Isr in Ca2+-containing solution weakly raised the [Ca2+]i by pretreatment with thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca2+ release from Ca2+ stores, the Ca2+-free saline plus thapsigargin completely depressed the Isr-induced [Ca2+]i rise. The same response was observed in the case of pretreatment with cyclopiazonic acid (1 microM), another inhibitor of Ca2+ release from the Ca2+ stores. Isr raises the [Ca2+]i in Gin-1 cells and that the Isr-induced [Ca2+]i rise is ascribable to both the Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane and Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store.