两种方法研究大学生群体优势眼与左／右利手间的关系

目的：评估大学生群体优势眼和左／右利手间的关系。方法：受试对象为179名大学生志愿者,平均年龄为19.4±1.6岁,其中女110名（61.5％）,男69名（38.5％）。优势眼由Gǔndogan和McManus两种方法测得,左或右利手则由Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Oldfield和McManus法确定,t检验评估实验的可信度。结果：Gǔndogan法测得受试者中110人（61.5％）为右眼优势,69人（38.5％）为左眼优势,无性别差异。McManus法重测相同受试者,则右／左眼优势分别为128人（71.5％）和51人（28.5％）。两法测得的结果相关,一致度K=0.256（P〈0.01）。女性受试者中,Gǔndogan法测得右／左眼优势分别为62人（56.4％）和48人（43.6％）,McManus法测得的结果为右／左眼优势分别为74人（67.3％）和36人（32.7％）。Fisher检验两法测得的结果相关（P〈0.05）,一致度,（=0.239（P〈0.01）。男性受试者中,Gǔndogan法测得右／左眼优势为48人（69.6％）和21人（30.3％）,McManus法检测为54人（78.3％）和15人（21.7％）。Fisher检验两法测得结果相关（P〉0.05）,一致度K=0.239（P〈0.01）。Oldfield和McManus法分别测得右利手比例为91.6％（n=164）和91.1％（n=163）,两者间有较高的一致度κ=0.753（P〈0.01）。McManus法检测出的优势眼和左或右利手间的统计学相关性具有显著性意义（Fisher检测P〈0.017;一致度评分phi=0.193（P〈0.05）。结论：大学生以右利手为主,McManus法检测发现右利手似乎与有眼优势更为相关。左或右利手和优势眼似乎是研究大脑功能不对称性和大脑偏侧型的最可靠的方法。     

优势眼测量法的研究

目的:为了检查一项新的性能测试,对同以受试者用两种不同的方法进行检测和再测试,并比较和讨论这些检测方法的可靠性。方法:共179个大学生(平均年龄±标准差为19.37±1.62)a自愿参加这项由110名女性(61.5%)和69名男性(38.5%)组成的调查。优势眼由两种不同的方法检测,一个为McManus方法,一个为Gndo■an方法。利用SPSS的重测信度的可靠性分析保证该项调查的可靠性。结果:McManus方法检测128名(71.5%)参加者右眼为优势眼,无性别差异。同样利用Gndogˇan方法再检测发现110名(61.5%)参加者右眼为优势眼。两种方法的检测结果由Fisher确切概率法分析发现呈显著性相关(P<0.01),一致性数值为为κ=0.256,P<0.001。利用Mc-Manus法发现女性参加者中74名(67.3%)右眼为优势眼,36名(32.7%)左眼为优势眼。利用Gndog■an法再检测发现62名女(56.4%)右眼为优势眼,48名女(43.6%)左眼为优势眼。通过Fisher确切概率法分析发现McMa-nus和Gndo■an两种方法在女性优势眼检测方面呈显著性相关(P<0.05),一...     

青少年近视与右利手关系的临床观察

目的:评估右利手与青少年近视的关系。方法:收集我院门诊376例青少年近视患者,对患者行右利手、非右利手评估,散瞳和显然验光(行角膜地形图、裂隙灯、眼压检查、直接检眼镜检查眼底,排除圆锥角膜、青光眼等其他眼部疾病)后,依近视度数进行分类。结果:右利手组:高、中度近视眼组近视度数右眼高于左眼,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度近视眼组两眼间差异无显著性意义,散光度数只有轻度近视眼组差异有显著性意义;非右利手组:除了轻度近视眼组柱镜度数两眼间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),其他组两眼间差异无显著性意义。结论:近视的形成与右利手的形成有着密切的联系,应提倡孩子自小用左手进行一些日常生活活动,从而预防近视,减少两眼的屈光参差度数,预防屈光参差性弱视的发生。     

在屈光习惯矫正与全矫状态下用Worth四点法与卡洞法测量优势眼的结果比较

目的研究Worth四点法测量优势眼与卡洞法测量优势眼的相关性,并分别研究这两种方法在习惯矫正情况下与屈光全矫状况下测量优势眼眼别的差异。方法429例受试者,其中部分受试者采用两种方法(卡洞法与Worth四点法)测量优势眼,部分受试者接受了在两种条件下(习惯矫正方式与屈光全矫下)测量优势眼,使用SPSS11.5统计软件包的卡方检验及Spearman非参数两两相关分析计算各组数据的差异与相关性。结果Worth四点法和卡洞法测得优势眼在习惯屈光矫正下差异无显著性(n=61,P>0.05),也无显著相关性(P>0.05);在屈光全矫下两种方法的差异有显著性(n=140,P=0.001),但无显著相关(P>0.05);而卡洞法在两种条件下测量的优势眼眼别差异有显著性(n=61,P<0.0001),并且存在显著相关(r=0.782,P<0.0001);Worth四点法在两种条件下测量的优势眼眼别差异有显著性(n=62,P<0.0001),并且两者显著相关(n=62,r=0.517,P<0.0001)。结论Worth四点法与卡洞法是两种测量优势眼的方法,在习惯屈光矫正下与屈光全矫状态下测得的优势眼差异有显著性。医学验光时采用Worth四点法测量在习惯矫正下的优势眼的方法尚需进一步研究以确定其可靠性。     

共转性内斜视和习惯用手的关系

目的 探讨共转性内斜视和习惯用手的关系.方法 选择200例共转性内斜视和200例非斜视健康对照组,共转性内斜视内斜度数均大于5°,经三棱镜法和角膜映光法检查后确诊.习惯用手以写字、拿筷子、刷牙三方面判断,凡其中2项大部分时间用右手者称为右利手,大部分时间用左手者称为左利手.统计两组人群中左利手和右利手所占百分比,分析习惯用手和共转性内斜视的关系.结果 共转性内斜视组中左利手占24%,对照组中占14.5%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 共转性内斜视者中,左利手者所占百分比较健康人群高,考虑共转性内斜视与左利手有相关性.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2009,9:99-100)     

优势眼在青少年近视进展中的分析

目的：通过观察青少年近视进展过程中优势眼中左眼及右眼的占比和性别分布,优势眼及非优势眼近视程度及增长速度的差别,分析优势眼在近视进展中的特点。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2020-02/05期间我院就诊的235例7～17岁青少年近视患者进行眼部结构检查排除各种眼病,并进行优势眼(卡洞法)测定及散瞳后综合验光,均配戴单焦框架眼镜矫正,1a后复测优势眼(卡洞法)及散瞳后综合验光。

结果：研究对象中,优势眼为右眼159例(67.7%),左眼76例(32.3%),优势眼与非优势眼的性别分布无差异(P>0.05); 优势眼与非优势眼近视等效球镜度数无差异(P>0.05); 优势眼与非优势眼近视增长程度无差异(P>0.05); 右眼及左眼分别为优势眼和非优势眼时,近视增长度及两眼间近视增长程度均无差异(P>0.05); 优势眼近视增长程度与双眼近视增长度数差异具有相关性(P<0.01)。

结论：青少年近视者中,优势眼以右眼为主,且无性别差异; 优势眼在近视程度和增长程度上无特异性表现,且优势眼不影响近视增长程度和双眼参差大小的变化,但优势眼近视增长速度可能会影响双眼屈光参差的程度。     

用卡洞法和Worth 四点法检测优势眼与屈光参差的相关性

目的：研究优势眼眼别与其两眼中近视性屈光程度较大眼的眼别关系,并分别研究Worth四点法测量优势眼与卡洞法测量优势眼的相关性。

方法：选取125例受试者,按照双眼屈光参差的程度分为生理性屈光参差组与病理性屈光参差组。在医学验光基础上分别运用Worth四点法及卡洞法判别双眼中优势眼的眼别。

结果：(1)生理性屈光参差组(卡洞法)优势眼眼别与双眼中近视性屈光程度较大眼眼别显著相关(Z=-4.057,P<0.01); Worth四点法优势眼眼别与双眼中近视性屈光程度较大眼眼别显著相关(Z=-3.558, P<0.01); 而病理性屈光参差组,两种方法所测均无显著相关(P>0.05)。(2)Worth四点法和卡洞法测得的优势眼眼别差异无显著性(n=125, P>0.05)。

结论： 优势眼由基因决定或幼年时期形成并持续维持,而近视性屈光参差可能影响优势眼的选择。优势眼的测量中Worth四点法具有一定的参考意义。     

暗环境下低中度近视优势眼与非优势眼及双眼对比度视力的对照研究

目的比较暗环境下低中度近视优势眼与非优势眼、双眼对比度视力的差异。方法随机选择拟行准分子激光手术的低中度近视患者47例(94只眼),综合验光仪主觉验光,卡洞法确定优势眼,应用多功能视力检查仪分别测量优势眼、非优势眼和双眼在暗环境暗背景条件下,对比度分别为100%、25%、10%和5%的最佳对比度视力。对所有受试者以及区分低中度近视的优势眼、非优势眼及双眼各对比度视力的差异进行统计学分析。结果所有受试者以及区分低中度近视的双眼对比度视力在对比度为25%、10%、5%均优于优势眼和非优势眼(P<0.05),在对比度为100%时,双眼对比度视力与优势眼差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但优于非优势眼(P<0.05)。随着对比度的下降,单、双眼的对比度视力亦随之下降。结论在暗环境屈光矫正条件下,高对比度时优势眼的对比度视力优于非优势眼,但低对比度时双眼优于优势眼和非优势眼。     

优势眼与近视的关系研究

目的 :研究优势眼眼别与其两眼中近视性屈光程度较大眼的眼别关系。方法 :16 5个受试者 ,按照双眼屈光参差的程度分双眼屈光无显著差异组、生理性屈光参差组与病理性屈光参差组三组。在医学验光基础上 ,结合简化的卡洞法与拇指法判别双眼中的优势眼眼别。结果 :①对于所有个体 ,优势眼眼别与双眼中近视性屈光程度稍大眼眼别显著相关 (Z =- 3.6 2 1,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。②双眼屈光无差异组优势眼眼别与其两眼中近视性屈光程度较大眼眼别显著相关 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,但在生理性屈光参差组与病理性屈光参差组 ,两者均无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。③各组均以右优势眼居多 ,右眼屈光不正较大者居多。结论 :优势眼的选择可能早于双眼近视性屈光参差的发生 ,而近视性屈光参差可能影响优势眼的选择     

神经短肽NAP在缺氧环境中对体外小鼠Müller细胞的保护作用

目的:观察神经短肽NAP对小鼠Mller细胞在缺氧环境中的保护作用。方法:用重组腺相关病毒作为载体,将含NT4-NAP融合基因的rAAV-NAP和含报告基因的rAAV-GFP对体外培养的小鼠Mller细胞进行感染,用MTT法和流式细胞仪检测感染细胞和未感染细胞在缺氧24h时的增殖活性和凋亡率。结果:感染rAAV-GFP的小鼠Mller细胞表达出明显的绿色荧光,缺氧24h时,感染rAAV-NAP的细胞与未感染细胞相比,增殖活性高(A=0.109,P<0.05),两组细胞凋亡率分别为8.13%和18.72%,感染有NAP细胞的凋亡率显著低于正常细胞(P<0.05)。结论:神经短肽NAP可以减轻缺氧对Mller的损害。     

Hand-eye dominance in a population with mental handicaps: prevalence and a comparison of methods.

BACKGROUND: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate hand-eye dominance in a population with mental handicaps and how the distribution compared with the general population. In addition, this study investigated the correlation between two methods of hand-eye dominance testing. METHODS: Two methods were used to determine eye dominance: the hole-in-the-hand method and the eye dominance wand. Hand dominance was determined by the subject's choice of accepting hand. The sample was comprised of a population of 421 athletes participating in the 1997 Special Olympic Games in Toronto. All subjects unable to give a dominant hand or unable to perform either of the ocular dominance tests were eliminated from analysis. Athletes who demonstrated strabismus or a difference in visual acuity between the two eyes of greater than 1 line were separated in the analysis, reducing the sample population to 191. RESULTS: The hole-in-the-hand method of eye dominance showed that 40.3% of this population exhibited crossed dominance. The eye dominance wand found crossed dominance in 36.6% of this population. The eye dominance wand demonstrated moderate agreement with the hole-in-the-hand method; however, there was some crossover of eye dominance between tests, when the tests were compared on a case-by-case basis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of this population of persons with mental handicaps agrees with the prevalence rates found by Robison et al., in which 41% of a general nonhandicapped population demonstrated crossed dominance. The results suggest that persons with mental handicaps have prevalence rates of crossed dominance similar to those found in the general population.     

Association between ocular dominance and refraction

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between ocular dominance and refraction. METHODS: A retrospective study of the cycloplegic refraction of 2453 consecutive patients with a mean age of 46 +/- 12 years (range: 18 to 79 years) was performed. One thousand one hundred fifty-seven (47%) patients were men and 1296 (53%) were women. Patients who had previous eye surgery, ocular disease, or > 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) difference between eyes were excluded. Motor ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. RESULTS: The right and left eyes were dominant in 67% (1650) and 33% (803) of patients, respectively. Males had a higher right eye dominance (70%) than females (65%) (P = .0168) with a mean cycloplegic spherical equivalent refracton (SE) of -2.12 diopters (D) and -2.38 D, respectively. This higher rate of right eye dominance in males was seen at all levels of SE refractive error. Mean BSCVA was 20/19 in both right and left eyes (P>.05) with a mean SE of -2.25 +/- 3.63 D and -2.26 +/- 3.66 D in the right and left eyes, respectively. Neither mean SE difference nor BSCVA difference between eyes was found to correlate with motor eye dominance. CONCLUSIONS: Gender appears to be a factor when testing ocular dominance but not SE refractive error. The hole-in-the-card dominance test is a method that is easy to perform for both patients and clinicians.     

Sighting dominance in patients with macular disease

PURPOSE: To study sighting dominance by comparing macular disease patients undergoing surgical treatment with controls. METHODS: We studied visual acuity and sighting dominance in 92 macular disease patients, 27 of whom were assessed for both outcomes. We also studied visual acuity and sighting dominance in 412 controls. Sighting dominance was evaluated using the hole-in-card test. RESULTS: Among the controls, 70% showed right sighting dominance, and 30%, left sighting dominance. On the other hand, in patients with macular disease, right sighting dominance was demonstrated in 51%, and left in 49%; that is, 24% showed sighting dominance of the affected eye and 76%, of the fellow eye. During follow-up, sighting dominance of three of the 27 macular disease patients shifted from the affected eye to the fellow eye, which showed improvement in visual acuity. CONCLUSION: This study raises the possibility of sighting dominance shifting in patients with macular disease. There were differences among cases in the timing of the shift in sighting dominance, indicating that visual acuity may not be the only factor influencing sighting dominance. Further study is needed to confirm the factors contributing to sighting dominance.     

0.1%他莫克司滴眼液治疗慢性移植物抗宿主病相关干眼症的疗效评价

目的：评价0.1%他莫克司滴眼液治疗慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）相关干眼症的疗效,并与单纯人工泪液治疗比较。方法：前瞻性临床研究。根据纳入排除标准纳入在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院就诊伴有干眼症的慢性移植物抗宿主病患者（cGVHD-DE）,随机分为他克莫司组（TAC）和玻璃酸钠组（SH）。收集所有患者的年龄、性别、初步诊断、发病时间,并记录发病前及治疗后2周、治疗后2个月时患者的视力（VA）、眼表疾病指数（OSDI）、角膜荧光素染色（FL）和泪液分泌试验（SⅠt）结果,采用Keratograph 5M测量患者的泪河高度（TMH）、首次非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（NIBUTf）,结膜充血程度和睑板腺萎缩程度（睑板腺红外成像）等4个干眼相关的客观指标。比较分析0.1%他克莫司滴眼液治疗cGVHD-DE的安全性和有效性。结果：共纳入21例（42眼）,TAC组11例,SH组10例。两组性别构成、年龄差异无统计学意义。治疗前各项干眼相关指标差异无统计学意义。治疗2周后,TAC组OSDI评分（t=3.987,P=0.003）和双眼NIBUTf（右眼t=2.298,P=0.044;左眼t=2.415, P=0.034）、双眼FL（右眼P=0.0313,左P=0.0313）,以及SH组的OSDI评分（t=3.200,P=0.0108）和右眼NIBUTf（t=2.462,P=0.036）,较治疗前均有显著提高。治疗2个月后,TAC组所有参数均较治疗前显著提高（均P<0.001）。而SH组中,OSDI、FL、TMH、NIBUTf和结膜充血程度,较治疗前显著提高（P<0.05）,但泪液分泌功能和睑板腺功能与基线比较无明显改善。治疗2个月后,TAC组与SH组进行比较,除FL外,其余干眼相关参数TAC组均较SH组改善更明显（均P<0.05）。研究期间TAC组和SH组均未发生明显眼部并发症。结论：0.1%他克莫司滴眼液治疗cGVHD-DE安全有效,眼表分析仪有助于此类患者病情的评估和随访。     

Influence of lens position as detected by an anterior segment analysis system on postoperative refraction in cataract surgery

AIM: To predict postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) position using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system and investigate the effect of lens position and IOL type on postoperative refraction. METHODS: A total of 97 patients (102 eyes) were enrolled in the final analysis. An anterior segment biometry measurement was performed preoperatively with Sirius and Lenstar. The results of predicted lens position (PLP) and IOL power were automatically calculated by the software used by the instruments. Effective lens position (ELP) was measured manually using Sirius 3mo postoperatively. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to determine the correlation of lens position to other parameters. RESULTS: PLP and ELP were positively correlated to axial length (AL; r=0.42, P<0.0001 and r=0.49, P<0.0001, respectively). There was a weak correlation between the peLP (ELP-PLP) and the prediction error of spherical refraction (peSR; r=0.34, P<0.0001). The peLP of Softec HD IOL differed statistically from those of both the TECNIS ZCB00 and Sensor AR40E IOLs. Multiple linear regression was used to obtain the prediction formula: ELP=0.66+0.63× [aqueous depth (AQD)+0.6LT] (r=0.61, P<0.0001), and a new variable (AQD+0.6 LT) was found to have the strongest correlation with ELP. CONCLUSION: The Sirius anterior segment analysis system is helpful to predict ELP, which reduces postoperative refraction error.     

Effect of vision loss on plasticity of the head and neck proprioception

AIM: To assess all available data to compare the efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers followed by extensive hand-searching for the identification of relevant studies. The primary outcomes were the improvement in visual acuity and responder rate. Secondary outcomes were the proptosis reduction, change in diplopia, and clinical activity score (CAS). RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial, three retrospective case series and one prospective case series met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids (ivGC) group and orbital decompression (OD) group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. In addition, the proportion of patients with improved vision in OD group was higher than that in ivGC group (P<0.001). Post-treatment proptosis reduction was also reported in both groups. Overall, weighted mean in proptosis reduction estimated at 1.64 and 5.45 mm in patients treated with ivGC and OD respectively. This study also presented results regarding pre-existing and new-onset diplopia. Apart from diplopia, a wide variety of minor and major complications were noted in 5 included studies. The most common complication in ivGC group and OD group was Cushing’s syndrome and epistaxis respectively. CONCLUSION: The present systematic review shows that both glucocorticoids treatment and orbital decompression are effective in treating DON and orbital decompression may work better in improving visual acuity and reducing proptosis. However, high-quality, large-sample, controlled studies need to be performed in the future.     

Sex differences in the left and right hemifields of normal subjects with computerised static perimetry.

Results of routine perimetric testing of the left and right hemifields in normal subjects have been assumed to be symmetric although asymmetry due to hemispheric dominance has been established for other psychophysical tests. These asymmetries have sometimes been related to sex. With the advent of computerised static perimetry, subtle differences between the left and the right hemifields might be found that were not obvious before. This study investigated differences in retinal sensitivity between the hemifields and the role of sex and eye dominance. Forty three unequivocally right handed and right eye dominant normal adult volunteers, 24 females and 19 males, underwent Humphrey 24-2 testing, half beginning with the left eye, the other half with the right eye. The Peridata program was used to calculate decibel totals per hemifield. Four subjects were excluded because of poor cooperation or test artefacts. In females, the total of the left hemifield was significantly less than the right (p < 0.01) by a mean 18.2 (SD 24) dB equivalent to a difference of 0.34 dB per tested point. No significant difference in hemifields was found for males, between the sexes for both eyes combined, or between the two eyes for either sex. It was concluded that asymmetries in retinal sensitivity with respect to the vertical axis may be physiological and found in females, but not in males.