放大色素内镜在胃黏膜癌前病变诊断中的价值

目的:探讨放大色素内镜在胃黏膜癌前病变诊断中的应用价值.方法:应用电子放大内镜,结合美蓝染色,对180例患者的胃黏膜糜烂灶进行细微结构形态学观察,将胃黏膜小凹的形态分为:A型(圆点状)、B型(短小棒状)、C型(稀疏而粗大的线状)、D型(斑块状)、E型(绒毛状)和F型(小凹结构模糊不清、消失或伴异常增生毛细血管)6型,并与观察部位活检所得的病理组织学改变进行比较分析.结果:A,B型胃小凹主要见于正常胃黏膜,而C,D,E和F型分别见于活动性、萎缩性炎症和肠上皮化生及轻、重度异型增生的胃黏膜.E型黏膜约81.8%(99/121)为肠上皮化生.F型黏膜常提示病灶已出现不同程度的异型增生86.3%(69/80),F型黏膜伴异常增生毛细血管,89.9%出现异型增生.结论:放大色素内镜能准确识别胃小凹的形态,尤其是准确识别E和F型,有助于对肠上皮化生及异型增生等胃黏膜癌前病变的镜下诊断.     

应用变焦放大胃镜诊断胃黏膜糜烂

目的 探讨变焦放大胃镜在诊断和发现胃黏膜糜烂性病变中的作用。方法 以2002年8月至2003年3月在我院作内镜检查的3002例患者为对象，分成4组，分别用富士能普通胃镜EG-250，放大胃镜EG-410，EG-450和变焦放大胃镜EG-485ZH进行胃镜检查，并结合染色法，比较各组对于胃黏膜糜烂的诊断。结果 检查中共有516例发现胃黏膜有糜烂。其中EG-250组观察894例，发现糜烂122例，发现率13．6％；EG-410组观察1918例，发现糜烂336例，发现率17．5％；EG-450组观察122例，发现糜烂26例，发现率21．3％；EG-485组观察68例，发现糜烂32例，发现率47．1％。EG-485组与其他各组之间存在明显差异。结论 变焦放大胃镜可以明显提高胃黏膜糜烂性病变的诊断率。     

胃黏膜萎缩、肠上皮化生及异型增生的放大内镜表现及其诊断价值

目的 确定胃黏膜萎缩、肠上皮化生及异型增生的形态学特征，探讨放大内镜结合染色对上述病变诊断的可行性和准确性。方法 应用Fujinon EG485 ZH型放大内镜对100例患者进行检查及0．5％美蓝染色，在确定A、B、C、D、E 5型基本胃小凹形态的基础上，制订放大内镜的诊断分型及放大内镜对萎缩、肠上皮化生和异型增生的判定标准，与相应部位活检所获得的417个病变组织的病理组织学检查结果进行比较分析。结果 胃黏膜萎缩主要表现为胃小凹粗大而分布稀疏，肠上皮化生表现为C、D、E型小凹形态伴美蓝着色阳性，异犁增生表现为轻度凹陷、隆起或平坦性病变伴细微结构消失、细微小凹或细微结构粗糙紊乱放大内镜对萎缩诊断的敏感性、特异性分别为95．85％和95．09％；对肠上皮化生分别为88．30％和90．83％；对异型增生分别为91．52％和94．41％，均明显高于普通内镜。结论 根据放大内镜下萎缩、肠上皮化生和异型增生的形态学特征可以使内镜对上述病变诊断的准确性明显提高。     

窄带成像放大内镜诊断慢性胃炎胃黏膜改变的临床价值

放大内镜（magnifying endoscopy,ME）及窄带成像技术（narrow band imaging,NBI）等作为消化内镜的新技术,优势在于在图像增强的情况下有助于早期病变的发现,根据黏膜的变化可以更加有选择性地进行取材活检,以提高标本的阳性率,同时在近距离放大模式下观察,区分黏膜微细形态和毛细血管的形态有助于早期判断病变性质。     

FICE放大内镜联合乙酸染色对诊断胃黏膜肠上皮化生的价值

目的探讨富士能智能分光染色内镜(FICE)放大内镜联合乙酸染色对胃黏膜肠上皮化生(GIM)的诊断价值。方法疑似GIM患者480例随机分为普通内镜组、乙酸染色组、美蓝染色组、FICE放大内镜联合乙酸染色组各120例,以病理诊断为金标准,比较不同方法诊断肠上皮化生的差异。结果普通内镜组与乙酸染色组诊断GIM的灵敏度、特异度、准确率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),美蓝染色组与乙酸染色组的灵敏度、准确率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FICE放大内镜联合乙酸染色组与美蓝染色组的特异度、准确率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FICE放大内镜联合乙酸染色组的阳性似然比、优势比、Kappa值均明显高于美蓝染色组,阴性似然比则明显低于后者(P<0.05)。结论 FICE放大内镜联合乙酸染色可提高GIM定向活检准确率,显著降低漏诊率及误诊率,且与病理诊断的一致性较好,具有更高的临床诊断应用价值。     

色素内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的分析及诊断价值

胃黏膜肠上皮化生（IM）是目前国内外公认的癌前病变之一，若能及早通过内镜下识别和治疗使其病变逆转．不失为防治胃癌的有效途径。探讨内镜诊断胃黏膜肠上皮化生．对识别胃黏膜癌前病变准确性提出了更高的要求。献报道，放大内镜对诊断IM准确性达89．69％，但基层医院的内镜医师由于受放大内镜设备的限制。如何利用普通内镜提高对IM诊断率，是值得探讨的。我们采用普通染色内镜进行观察，以探讨其对IM病变诊断的可行性和准确性。     

放大内镜观察幽门螺杆菌根除后胃黏膜微细形态的变化

研究表明放大内镜可清楚显示胃黏膜的小凹，毛细血管及集合静脉等微细形态。本研究通过放大内镜观察慢性胃炎患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)根除前后胃黏膜微细形态的变化，来明确放大内镜能否用于胃黏膜Hp感染的诊断及作为考察疗效的指标。     

放大内镜联合端粒酶逆转录酶对胃癌前病变的诊断价值

目的探讨放大内镜和人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）在胃黏膜癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法应用放大内镜对154例病人进行检查,放大内镜下做出实时诊断,取活组织分别送病理学检查和实时荧光定量PCR检测hTERTmRNA的表达。放大内镜下胃小凹分为A、B、C、D、E5型。A型：圆点状小凹;B型：线状小凹;C型：稀疏而粗大的线状小凹;D型：斑块状;E型：绒毛状。结果放大内镜下B—E4种胃小凹形态肠上皮化生发生率差异有统计学意义（X^2=17．58,P〈0．05）,并且肠上皮化生的严重程度逐渐加重（Pearson列联系数=0．531,P〈0．05）;C—E3种胃小凹形态与不典型增生的严重程度关系密切（X^2=10．256,Pearson列联系数=0．549,P〈0．05）;B、C、D、E4型胃小凹形态间hTERT mRNA表达量差异有统计学意义（F=3．274,P〈0．05）。若以胃癌中hTERT mRNA表达量作为胃癌的诊断标准,病理未诊断为胃癌而放大内镜下表现为E型胃小凹的病人中65％符合该标准。结论放大内镜下胃黏膜微细结构形态可反映病变程度的轻重;hTERT是一重要的胃癌标志物,随访E型胃小凹和高hTERT表达的患者有助于早期发现胃癌。     

放大内镜在幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎诊断中的价值

目的：研究正常胃黏膜及幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎的放大内镜表现，探讨放大内镜对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的诊断价值。方法：66例患者接受电子放大胃镜检查，观察胃体黏膜毛细血管网、胃小凹及集合小静脉，并取活组织行病理检查及进行Hp检测。结果：66例患者中Hp阳性者为36例，阴性者为30例。Hp阳性者中正常胃黏膜者2例，炎症者34例；Hp阴性者中，正常胃黏膜者28例，炎症者2例。Hp阳性者中，Z0型(见集合小静脉、网状真性毛细血管及针眼样的胃小凹)3例，Z1型(集合小静脉消失，毛细血管网正常或失去正常形态，胃小凹可见)8例，Z2型(集合小静脉及真性毛细血管网皆消失，扩张的胃小凹及沟回发白)15例，Z3型(扩张的胃小凹周围发红)10例；Hp阴性者中，Z0为27例，Z1为1例，Z2为2例，Z3为0例。结论：电子放大胃镜下观察到的胃体黏膜集合小静脉、毛细血管网、胃小凹是正常胃黏膜的特征，而它们的消失与变化是Hp相关性胃炎的特征。     

应用染色内镜和放大内镜 提高内镜诊断水平

染色内镜是指应用特殊的染料对胃肠道黏膜进行染色,使黏膜的结构更加清晰,使病变部位与周围的对比加强,轮廓更加清楚,从而提高病变的检出率。染色内镜最早于1966年由津田报道,此后报道日渐增多,应用的染料也逐渐增多,应用范围也从最初的胃黏膜染色扩展至食管、胃、小肠和大     

窄带成像放大内镜对胃良恶性溃疡的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨窄带成像放大内镜对胃良恶性溃疡的鉴别诊断价值。方法对常规内镜检查诊断为胃良性溃疡者186例再行窄带成像放大内镜检查,观察溃疡边缘胃小凹及黏膜微血管改变,并于相应部位取活检做病理学检查。结果常规内镜诊断为胃良性溃疡者186例,窄带成像放大内镜检查诊断为良性溃疡174例,恶性溃疡者12例;良性溃疡胃小凹形态规则,149例（85．63％,149／174）为D型,23例（13．22％,23／174）为C型,2例（1．15％,2／174）为E型;恶性溃疡患者胃小凹形态不规则、大小不一,胃小凹基本形态均为F型（100％,12／12）。良、恶性溃疡小凹形态比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;76例良性溃疡患者溃疡边缘未见黏膜微血管（43．67％,76／174）,98例可见规则的血管网（56．33％,98／174）。11例恶性溃疡患者溃疡边缘可见不规则的血管（91．67％,11／12）。良恶性溃疡微血管形态比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论窄带成像放大内镜对胃良恶性溃疡的鉴别诊断有重要的参考价值。     

Magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy is superior in diagnosis of early gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy (ME), and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy (ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer (EGC).METHODS: From March 2010 to June 2012, a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) in four different referential hospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE, ME, and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS: Among the 3675 lesions found, 1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis, 1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 631 as low-grade neoplasia, and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%, 99.1%, 85.5%, 97.9% and 97.1%, respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%, 98.8%, 83.3%, 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%, 98.6%, 82.1%, 99.0% and 97.8%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.     

窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的价值

目的 研究窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 58例经常规内镜观察有食管黏膜粗糙、糜烂、颜色异常、微隆起等可疑病变,首次病检均示慢性炎症患者,再次内镜检查时,对可疑病灶行微探头超声检查,在窄带成像放大内镜下观察病变部位上皮乳头内毛细血管袢的形态,并在其引导下对病变区行活组织病理检查,将放大内镜下毛细血管袢的形态结果与组织病理诊断对照研究后进行统计学分析.结果 58例常规内镜及活检为慢性炎症者经窄带成像放大内镜联合超声并在其引导下对病变区行活组织病理检查确诊鳞癌10例(17.24%),其中早期食管癌8例,高级别瘤变4例(6.89%),低级别瘤变16例(27.58%),食管炎28例(48.27%).食管癌组60.00%(6/10)为Ⅳ型上皮乳头内毛细血管袢(IPCL),40.00%(4/10)为Ⅲ型IPCL;高级别瘤变组75.00%(3/4)为Ⅲ型IPCL,25.00%(1/4)为Ⅳ型IPCL;低级别瘤变组,50.00%(8/16)为Ⅲ型IPCL,43.75%(7/16)为Ⅱ型IPCL,6.25%(1/16)为Ⅰ型IPCL;食管炎组85.18%(23/27)为Ⅱ型IPCL,11.11%(3/27)为Ⅰ型IPCL,3.71%(1/27)为Ⅲ型IPCL.食管癌、高级别瘤变的IPCL与食管炎的ILCL比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头对早期食管癌及癌前病变有较高的诊断价值.     

Diagnostic Value of Adding Magnifying Chromoendoscopy to Magnifying Narrow-Band Imaging Endoscopy for Colorectal Polyps

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Value of Magnifying Endoscopy With Narrow-Band Imaging and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Detecting Gastric Cancerous Lesions

Although the respective potentials of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in predicting gastric cancer has been well documented, there is a lack of studies in comparing the value and diagnostic strategy of these 2 modalities. Our primary aim is to investigate whether CLE is superior to ME-NBI for differentiation between gastric cancerous and noncancerous lesions. A secondary aim is to propose an applicable clinical strategy.We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study involving patients with suspected gastric superficial cancerous lesions. White light endoscopy, ME-NBI, and CLE were performed diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between ME-NBI and CLE were assessed, as well as agreements between ME-NBI/CLE and histopathology.This study involved 86 gastric lesions in 82 consecutive patients who underwent white light endoscopy, ME-NBI, and CLE before biopsy. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for ME-NBI were 93.75%, 91.67%, and 95.45%, compared with 91.86%, 90%, and 93.48%, respectively, for CLE, for discrimination cancerous/noncancerous lesion (all P > 0.05). For undifferentiated/differentiated adenocarcinoma, CLE had a numerically but not statistically significantly higher accuracy than ME-NBI (81.25% vs 73.33%, P = 0.46). Agreements between ME-NBI/CLE and histopathology were near perfect (ME-NBI, κ = 0.87; CLE, κ = 0.84).CLE is not superior to ME-NBI for discriminating gastric cancerous from noncancerous lesions. Endoscopist could make an optimal choice according to the specific indication and advantages of ME-NBI and CLE in daily practices.     

窄带成像内镜技术在结直肠病变诊断中的应用

结直肠肿瘤的发病率和死亡率近年呈明显上升的趋势,因此早期诊断和治疗结直肠肿瘤显得十分重要。窄带成像内镜技术作为一种新的内镜下诊断技术,已初步显示出其对结直肠病变的诊断价值。本文就窄带成像内镜技术的原理及其诊断结直肠病变的作用作一综述。     

Dye Spraying and Magnifying Endoscopy for Dysplasia and Cancer Surveillance in Ulcerative Colitis

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate detection of dysplasia or colitic cancer with ulcerative colitis by use of magnifying endoscopic observation.METHODS From 1986 through 2000, ulcerative colitis was diagnosed and treated in 886 patients at Kitasato University East Hospital. Of the total, we studied 25 patients in depth: 14 who had dysplasia alone, 5 in whom cancer was diagnosed during follow-up after the detection of dysplasia, and 6 who had colitic cancer.RESULTS Dysplasia was detected in 11 (3.2 percent) of 345 patients with extensive colitis and in 8 (3.7 percent) of 217 with left-sided colitis. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in nine patients (2.6 percent) with extensive colitis and in two (0.9 percent) with left-sided colitis. Neither dysplasia nor colitic cancer was found in patients with proctitis-type colitis. Endoscopically, dysplasia and early cancer were characterized by granular or nodular protruding mucosa or by lowly protruding or flat mucosa, often associated with redness. Dye-spraying endoscopy was useful for detection. Magnifying endoscopy of ten regions of dysplasia (7 patients) and five early cancers (4 patients) showed IIIS to IIIL type pits or IV type pits. Biopsy of sites showing tumorous pits on magnifying endoscopy revealed dysplasia and early cancer. Observation of the pit pattern was found to be diagnostically useful.CONCLUSIONS Dye spraying and magnifying endoscopy are useful for the detection, targeted biopsy, and diagnosis of dysplasia and colitic cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis.     

色素内镜对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

研究内镜下美蓝染色对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。内镜下有黏膜异常表现的120例患者，54例予以美蓝染色后活检，66例单纯活检。美蓝染色组病检证实有肠化萎缩者占23例，不典型增生15例，早期胃癌4例（均经手术病理证实）；单纯活检组（对照组）病理证实有肠化萎缩者占18例，不典型增生10例，未检出早期胃癌。染色组早期胃癌及癌前病变检出率为77．78％，对照组为40．90％，两组差别有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结果表明，应用色素内镜指导黏膜活检，可显著提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率。