ProSeal喉罩通气全麻在高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用

目的 观察高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用ProSeal喉罩通气全麻对患者血压和心率的影响.方法 高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者120例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩组和气管插管组,每组60例.记录诱导前(T0)、置入喉罩/插管前即刻(T1)、置入喉罩/插管后1 min(T2)、3 min(T3)、胆囊切除时(T4)、拔喉罩或拔管时(T5)6个时间点的HR、MAP、BIS,并进行组间比较.结果 气管插管组于插管后1 min、3 min、拔管时均较麻醉前、插管前即刻及喉罩组HR明显增快、MAP明显升高;瑞芬太尼、顺势阿曲库铵消耗总量、术毕24 h内咽喉疼痛例数气管插管组要明显高于喉罩组,胃管置入比例两组则无明显差异.结论 喉罩通气全麻在高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中可有效预防心血管应激反应,避免血压和心率的剧烈波动.     

第三代喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床观察

目的:观察第三代喉罩气道(Proseal Laryngead mask airway PLMA)加静脉吸入复合全麻和气管插管加静脉吸入复合全麻(GA)两种麻醉方法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中对患者HR、MAP、PETCO2和并发症的影响。方法:2006年8月至2007年10月间,选择行LC的患者100例,ASAI~Ⅲ级,随机分为喉罩气道加静脉吸入复合全麻组(PLMA组)50例和气管插管静脉吸入复合全麻组(GA组)50例。监测记录插管、拔管、二氧化碳气腹前后HR、MAP、PETCO2的变化,术中、术后发生各种并发症的例数。记录手术中两组的手术、麻醉时间,术毕自主呼吸恢复时间(min),拔管时间(min),完全清醒时间(min)及术中知晓、术后躁动情况。结果:LMA组置入喉罩前后HR、MAP无明显变化,GA组插管后HR、MAP显著高于插管前(P<0.01)。气腹后两组的PETCO2显著高于气腹前(P<0.01)。GA组并发症的发生显著高于PLMA组(P<0.01)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中使用第三代喉罩加静脉吸入复合全麻具有循环稳定、安全性好、苏醒快、拔管早、并发症少等的优点,操作安全简便,值得推广应用。     

喉罩通气全麻在高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床观察

目的：观察高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用喉罩通气全麻时,对患者血压和心率的影响。方法：高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例,ASAI～Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩组和气管插管组每组50例。记录麻醉前、诱导时、置人喉罩／插管时、胆囊切除时、拨喉罩或拔管时5个时间点的HR、MAP,并进行组间比较。结果：气管插管组于插管时、拔管时均较麻醉前、诱导时及喉罩组HR明显增快、MAP明显升高;诱导时喉罩组较气管插管组MAP明显升高;胆囊切除时喉罩组较置喉罩或插管时HR明显减慢、MAP明显降低;拨喉罩或拔管时较胆囊切除时HR明显增快、MAP明显升高。结论：喉罩通气全麻在高血压病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中可有效预防心血管应激反应,避免血压和心率的剧烈波动。     

喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术全身麻醉中的应用

目的 :探讨在腹腔镜胆囊切除术全麻中喉罩替代气管导管的安全性。方法 :腹腔镜胆囊切除术 6 0例随机分为气管插管组 (30例 )和喉罩组 (30例 )。麻醉前、气管插管或喉罩置入后 5min、气腹后 5min、拔出气管导管或喉罩后 5min记录BP、HR、SpO2 、PETCO2 、气道压力 (Paw)。手术医师在腹腔镜放入腹腔后及手术结束拔出腹腔镜前评估胃膨胀度 (0～3)。结果 :两组SpO2 均维持 98%以上 ,PETCO2 4 7～6 0kPa ,气管插管组与喉罩组胃膨胀发生率和程度相似。两组在人工气腹后Paw均明显增加 (P <0 0 5 )。气管插管组血液动力学指标明显增加 ,喉罩组无显著变化。结论 :喉罩全麻正压通气可安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者。     

SLIPA喉罩与气管内全麻复合连续硬膜外麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的比较

目的 比较SLIPA喉罩与气管内全麻复合连续硬膜外麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉效果.方法 200例单纯胆囊切除手术,随机分为2组,SLIPA喉罩复合连续硬膜外麻醉组(S组)和气管内全麻复合连续硬膜外麻醉组(E组).通过对两组患者插管(喉罩)时的循环变化、麻醉期间的气道压力和拔管(喉罩)时间、苏醒时间以及术后不良反应等进...     

第三代喉罩在全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的通过观察患者循环和呼吸参数变化及并发症情况,探讨第三代喉罩（PLMA）在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用的安全性。方法60例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为气管插管全麻（ETT）、普通喉罩全麻（LMA）、第三代喉罩全麻（PLMA）三组;观测记录三组患者插管前、后1min的HR,SBP,DSP和正压通气15min和气腹15min时的分钟通气量（MV）、潮气量（TV）、气道峰压（Ppeak）和PETCO2;记录三组患者各种并发症发生例数。结果血流动力学改变表现为ETT组插管前、后有明显区别,插管后ETT组和LMA组、PLMA组间有明显区别;三组患者正压通气15min和气腹15min时的分钟通气量（MV）、潮气量（TV）、气道峰压（Ppeak）和PETCO2均有明显差异,组间无差异;LMA组胃肠道胀气严重,漏气例数比PLMA组明显增加。结论第三代喉罩适用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,安全有效,可避免气管插管和普通喉罩引起的并发症,值得推广应用。     

氯诺昔康联合喉罩在预防老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术苏醒期躁动中的应用

目的探讨氯诺昔康联合喉罩对老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术苏醒期躁动的防治作用。方法将60例择期接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者随机分成气管插管组、喉罩组及氯诺昔康联合喉罩组,每组20例。其中,气管插管组与喉罩组患者于手术前20min静脉给予生理盐水10mL,氯诺昔康联合喉罩组在手术前20min静脉给予氯诺昔康8mg(用生理盐水稀释至10mL)。采用平均动脉压(MAP)、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)监测、躁动评分、镇静评分观察麻醉诱导前、拔管前、拔管时、拔管后10min患者的躁动情况。结果喉罩组及氯诺昔康联合喉罩组患者的躁动评分较气管插管组低(P<0.05);喉罩组及氯诺昔康联合喉罩组患者的镇静评分较气管插管组高(P<0.05);气管插管组和喉罩组患者在拔管前、拔管时、拔管后3个时间点的生命体征较麻醉诱导前波动大(P<0.05),而氯诺昔康联合喉罩组各时间点波动不明显(P>0.05);喉罩组及氯诺昔康联合喉罩组患者各时间点生命体征的波动较气管插管组平稳(P<0.05),而氯诺昔康联合喉罩组患者的生命体征则更为平稳(P<0.05)。结论氯诺昔康联合喉罩可有效预防老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术苏醒期躁动的发生。     

Supreme喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的：探讨Supreme喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用的安全性和可靠性。方法：选择80例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者,随机分为两组,每组40例。A组采用Supreme喉罩;B组采用气管插管。记录置喉罩与气管插管前后的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SPO2）的变化,气腹后呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）变化,术毕耐受气管和喉罩时间及术后各种并发症情况。结果：A组置入和拔出喉罩前后的HR、MAP无明显变化,B组插入气管导管后和拔出气管导管后的HR、MAP比基础值明显升高,且与A组各时点的HR、MAP比较明显升高;A、B两组气腹后二氧化碳分压都在正常范围,两组间无明显差异;术毕A组耐受喉罩时间较长;A组拔出喉罩时患者呛咳、体动以及术后咽痛明显少于B组。结论：Supreme喉罩通气全麻对患者循环功能影响小,操作简单,通气满意,术后并发症少,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术。     

喉罩与气管插管在全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用比较

目的比较喉罩与气管插管在全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术诱导期、苏醒期的血流动力学变化及术后并发症情况。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级行腹腔镜胆囊切除术无咽喉痛、无潜在性气管插管疾病、无内分泌疾病的患者60例,随机分为气管插管组（A组）和喉罩组（B组）,每组30例,记录给药前、置管（喉罩）1min、置入后5min、拔管（喉罩）后1min的（平均动脉压）MAP、（心率）HR,术后回访询问患者有无咽痛、声嘶及分泌物增多并记录病例数。结果在诱导期,苏醒期血流动力学变化喉罩组较气管插管组小,术后并发症喉罩组较气管插管组少。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术应用喉罩比气管插管麻醉过程平稳,应激反应小,术后并发症少。     

ProSeal喉罩在全身麻醉腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:通过观察患者血流动力学及并发症情况,探讨ProSeal喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中应用的安全性。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级68例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为喉罩组(A组)和气管插管组(B组)。记录麻醉前(T0)、置管(喉罩)时刻(T1)、置入后5 min(T2)、气腹5 min时(T3)、拔管或喉罩移出后1 min(T4)的SBP、DBP、HR,术后回访询问患者有无咽痛、声嘶及分泌物增多并记录病例数。结果:在诱导期、苏醒期血流动力学变化喉罩组较气管插管组小(P<0.05),喉罩组术中未发现胃胀或反流误吸,术后并发症喉罩组较气管插管组少(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术应用喉罩比气管插管麻醉过程平稳,应激反应小,术后并发症少,ProSeal喉罩适用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,安全有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.