丝裂霉素C对难治性青光眼患者疗效及血清维生素和白介素的影响

目的：观察丝裂霉素C在难治性青光眼患者中的疗效及其对血清维生素、白介素的影响观察。 方法：将2010-01/2013-01期间本院收诊的难治性青光眼患者随机分成两组,对照组和观察组各80例。所有患者均行复合式小梁切除术,观察组患者在此基础上口服丝裂霉素C治疗。比较两组间疗效及治疗前后眼压、视力差异;比较治疗前后两组间血清叶酸（ FA ）、维生素 B12（ VB12）、维生素 B6（ VB6）及白介素-2（ IL-2）、白介素-6（ IL-6）水平差异。 结果：观察组手术成功率为80.9%,显著高于对照组的60.7%,术后观察组眼压显著低于对照组,视力显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。手术未成功组患者血清FA,VB12,IL-2, IL-6显著低于正常对照组和手术成功组（P〈0.05）。术后3mo观察组患者血清FA,VB12,IL-2,IL-6显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。 结论：在复合式小梁切除术中加载丝裂霉素C能有效提高难治性青光眼的治疗成功率,改善血清维生素、白介素相关指标。     

难治性青光眼的复合式小梁切除术

目的:探讨难治性青光眼的复合式小梁切除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2003-08/2008-06我院收治的难治性青光眼共59例59眼,应用常规小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C(MMC)24例(对照组),应用复合式小梁切除术(常规小梁切除术联合MMC和巩膜可调节缝线)35例(观察组)。分析比较两组术后前房形成、眼压、滤过泡及并发症等情况,结果均经统计学处理。结果:59眼手术顺利,未引发爆发性脉络膜出血等严重并发症,术后追踪12mo。术后第1d浅前房发生率观察组为6%,明显低于对照组29%(P<0.05)。术后随访12mo时,观察组30眼眼压控制在6～21mmHg(86%),对照组15眼眼压控制在6～21mmHg(62%),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组功能性滤过泡占86%,较对照组功能性滤过泡62%为多(P<0.05)。结论:难治性青光眼的复合式小梁切除术可有效降低眼压,且并发症少,是治疗难治性青光眼安全、有效的手术方法之一。     

生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床观察

目的:观察生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床疗效。方法:选择我院46例62眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为两组,A组为观察组32眼,行复合式小梁切除联合生物羊膜植入术,B组为对照组30眼,行复合式小梁切除术。观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力、前房及角膜、术后并发症。结果:随诊12mo,眼压:两组手术前后各时间点眼压均明显降低(P<0.01)。术后12mo平均眼压:A组为12.3±2.3mmHg,B组为15.7±2.7mmHg,两组术后各时间点眼压无统计学意义(P>0.05)。滤过泡:术后12mo A组功能型滤过泡28眼(88%),B组功能型滤过泡20眼(67%),两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组发生浅前房5眼(16%),脉络膜脱离2眼(6%),B组浅前房3眼(10%),脉络膜脱离2眼(7%),滤过泡渗漏1眼(3%)。结论:复合式小梁切除术联合生物羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率。     

复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 采用复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼患者32例(42眼),术后随访3～12个月,观察患者术后眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症等情况.结果 术后3个月、12个月平均眼压分别为(13.4±2.8)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(15.8±3.7)mmHg,与术前(35.6±6.3)mmHg相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P＜0.01);术后3个月、12个月功能性滤过泡分别占90.5%、95.2%;术后3个月、6个月视力较术前均有不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).术后仅4眼新生血管性青光眼由于滤过泡瘢痕化,经局部加用抗青光眼药物后眼压仍＞21 mmHg;所有患眼均无明显并发症和羊膜移植排斥反应.结论 复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼疗效确切,并发症较少,值得基层医院推广应用.     

青光眼滤过手术失败后复合式小梁切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨青光眼滤过手术失败后再次显微手术的体会,比较传统小梁切除术和复合式小梁切除术的安全性和效果。方法:回顾性分析2008-08/2010-06我院收治的滤过手术失败的青光眼患者24例24眼,应用常规小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素10例(对照组),应用复合式小梁切除术(常规小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素和巩膜瓣可调节缝线)14例(观察组)。分析比较两组术后前房形成、眼压、滤过泡及并发症等情况,结果均经统计学处理。结果:患者24眼手术顺利,未引发爆发性脉络膜出血等严重并发症,术后追踪12mo。术后第1d浅前房发生率观察组为7%,明显低于对照组30%(P<0.05)。术后随访12mo时,观察组12眼(86%)眼压控制在6～21mmHg,对照组4眼(40%)眼压控制在6～21mmHg,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组功能性滤过泡占86%,较对照组功能性滤过泡40%为多(P<0.05)。结论:对于青光眼滤过手术失败后的患者复合式小梁切除术的安全性和效果优于传统小梁切除术。手术中联合应用丝裂霉素和巩膜可调节缝线是手术成功的关键。     

复合式小梁切除术联合醛化脐带静脉管植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的:评价醛化脐带静脉管(human umbilical vein,HUV)在复合式小梁切除术中治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法:具有高危因素如新生血管、葡萄膜炎、无晶状体、人工晶状体和发育性的难治性青光眼28例28眼。15例行复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下HUV植入,13例行复合式小梁切除术。术后观察、比较的指标包括:手术成功率、术后眼内压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、抗青光眼药物使用数量以及术后并发症。所有研究对象随访12mo。结果:术后6mo,手术完全成功:HUV组12/15(80.0%),对照组8/13(61.5%);术后12mo,手术完全成功:HUV组11/15(73.3%),对照组6/13(46.2%)。术后12mo,HUV组和对照组IOP分别从术前50.9±12.2,49.7±11.7mmHg降至17.3±1.1,20.9±2.2mmHg(P=0.00)。由于滤过过强,对照组术后早期出现低眼压2例,HUV组无低眼压;对照组出现包裹性滤过泡4例,HUV组仅出现1例。结论:复合式小梁切除术联合HUV治疗难治性青光眼与复合式小梁切除术相比,具有手术成功率高,术后IOP控制良好、平稳,术后并发症发生率低的特点。     

改良小梁切除术联合生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨改良小梁切除术联合应用生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果.方法 将难治性青光眼30例（32眼）随机均分为联合组和对照组.联合组施行改良小梁切除术＋巩膜瓣下丝裂霉素C处理＋生物羊膜移植;对照组施行传统小梁切除术.比较两组术前、术后1周、1个月、6个月、1年的视力、滤过泡和眼压.结果 术后1周两组视力差异无统计学意义;术后6个月及1年,联合组保持功能性滤泡率高于对照组差异有统计学意义;术后1周、6个月及1年联合组眼压均低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义.结论 改良小梁切除术联合应用生物羊膜和丝裂霉素C,可有效治疗难治性青光眼.     

难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术疗效观察

目的:观察难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术临床疗效。方法:选择我院80例86眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜植入术组(实验组)43眼和复合式小梁切除术组(对照组)43眼。观察术后眼压、滤过泡形成情况及并发症。结果:随诊12mo,平均眼压:实验组15.5±1.1mmHg,对照组19.7±2.5mmHg,两组术后平均眼压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);功能性滤过泡:实验组(86%)较对照组(67%)多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症(浅前房、脉络膜脱离和滤过泡渗漏)发生率实验组明显低于对照组。结论:复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼具有手术成功率高,术后并发症发生率低的特点。     

非穿透小梁手术联合丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼17例

目的:观察非穿透小梁手术中运用丝裂霉素C治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法:对17例(23眼)原发性开角型青光眼患者行非穿透小梁手术,术中联合运用丝裂霉素C,术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症等。术后随访6～24(平均14)mo。结果:91%患者术后视力维持不变或提高,术前平均眼压31.03±6.25mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后15d,1,3,6mo平均眼压分别为11.78±2.93,12.91±2.36,15.67±3.05,18.23±2.97mmHg,与术前比较差异有显著意义。所有患者术后前房反应轻,1眼发生前房出血,I,II级浅前房3眼,5眼术中发现小梁网处有微穿孔,但无虹膜膨出,术后15d 20眼均见明显滤过泡,术后3mo6眼滤过泡变得不明显。结论:非穿透小梁手术中运用丝裂霉素C能有效、完全地降低开角型青光眼的眼压,术后患者视力恢复快、并发症少而轻,但远期效果及并发症尚待进一步随访观察。     

高眼压下原发性急性闭角型青光眼手术治疗的效果

目的:探讨原发性急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压下行复合式小梁切除术的效果.方法:选取2015-02/2016-02在我院治疗的原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者62例62眼,其中对照组34例34眼(术前眼压控制在正常范围,眼压<21mmHg),观察组28例28眼(术前眼压28~50mmHg;高眼压持续3d以上).两组均行复合式小梁切除术,观察两组患者手术前后视力、眼压等变化.结果:观察组术后3 mo视力较术前提高、不变和下降的比例分别为68%、21%和11%,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后眼压均较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组术后眼压分别为11.10±2.20、11.73±2.71mmHg,差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术前及术后前房深度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后前房深度均较术前有所增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后眼轴长度均较术前有所减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率为14%,对照组并发症发生率为18%,差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:高眼压下原发性急性闭角型青光眼行复合式小梁切除术是有效的,但仍需进一步研究.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.