原田病的吲哚青绿血管造影特征

目的 探讨原田(Harada)病的吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)特征。 方法 对26例经荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescien angiography,FFA)确诊的Harada病患者26例52只眼同时进行ICGA检查。 结果 Harada病的主要ICGA表现为：①早期异常暗的背景荧光5例8只眼;②脉络膜灌注不良12例18只眼;③脉络膜血管及涡静脉扩张20例34只眼;④晚期斑片状强荧光8例12只眼;⑤中周及后极部斑点状弱荧光4例5只眼。 结论 Harada病ICGA特征：早期异常暗的背景荧光,脉络膜灌注不良,脉络膜血管及涡静脉扩张,中周及后极部斑片状弱荧光,晚期可见斑片状强荧光。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:12-13)     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in sympathetic ophthalmia

· Purpose: To analyze indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) features in two cases of sympathetic ophthalmia using a standard angiography protocol for posterior uveitis. · Methods: Report on two patients who suffered from penetrating ocular injuries 45 and 8 years before sympathetic ophthalmia was diagnosed and confirmed by histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. In addition to routine examination and fluorescein angiography, initial and follow-up ICGAs were performed. · Results: The first patient, with a phthisic right eye following s shotgun injury, consulted 6 months after cataract extraction in his good left eye for progressive visual loss due to a neovascular membrane in a moderately inflamed eye. The second patient consulted 8 years after a perforating injury of his right eye by a metallic foreign body because of recent visual loss and inflammation in his good left eye. ICGA of both patients showed numerous hypofluorescent dark dots visible at the intermediate phase, some becoming isofluorescent at the late phase and resolving after long-term corticosteroid therapy, others remaining hypofluorescent until the late phase. · Conclusion: The two patterns of hypofluorescent areas, either persisting throughout angiography or fading in the late phase, were interpreted respectively as cicatricial and active lesions. ICGA gave determining additional information on choroidal involvement and on subsequent evolution of lesions. Received: 8 September 1997 Accepted: 8 December 1997     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus nephropathy

PURPOSE: To study indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephropathy. In particular, the presence of choroidal abnormalities at ICG angiography, which could not be detected by fluorescein angiography, was studied. DESIGN: Observational case report study. METHODS: Nine consecutive female patients (mean age +/- SD, 38.2 +/- 9.7 years) with SLE-related nephropathy underwent simultaneous ICG angiography and fluorescein angiography according to a standard angiographic protocol for uveitis. RESULTS: Two findings were revealed by ICG angiography: focal, transient hypofluorescent areas in the early phase; and spots of choroidal hyperfluorescence visible from the intermediate to late phase. CONCLUSIONS: ICG angiography can provide information that is not detectable by clinical or fluorescein angiographic examination for patients with lupus nephropathy. This information may prove useful in better understanding the pathogenesis of SLE choroidopathy.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings of chorioretinal folds

PURPOSE: To analyze indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings of chorioretinal folds. METHODS: Eight patients (9 eyes) in whom chorioretinal folds had been diagnosed were enrolled in this study. Color photography, fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICG angiography (IA) were performed. RESULTS: Indocyanine green angiography demonstrated choroidal venous congestion and a filling delay of the choroidal vessels in one case with an orbital tumor. In one posterior scleritis case, IA showed a filling delay of choroidal vessels in the early phase and multiple patchy hypofluorescent lesions scattered in the posterior pole during the late phase. Idiopathic cases showed choroidal venous dilatation. No abnormalities of the choroidal vasculature in the form of radial folds, were revealed in two cases of AMD. Linear hyperfluorescent areas suggestive of chorioretinal folds seen on IA were less numerous and wider than those observed on FA in some eyes. On the other hand, they were equally numerous and wider on IA than those on FA in other eyes. CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green angiography is useful for evaluating both pathological conditions of the choroidal vasculature and the width of chorioretinal folds at the level of the choroidal vasculature.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in central serous chorioretinopathy

There has been great controversy about the pathogenesis of the focal changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causing detachment of the neurosensory retina in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). This study was performed to evaluate changes in choroidal perfusion in 15 patients with CSC. Fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography was performed in patients with acute or chronic recurrent CSC. In all patients delayed arterial filling followed by capillary and/or venous congestion, in some cases adjacent to ischemic areas, was found in the choroid. Leakage from the RPE in fluorescein angiography was only observed in those areas with choroidal capillary and/or venous congestion. The preliminary results suggest that venous congestion possibly in association with ischemia causes hyperpermeability of choroidal vessels already described in the literature.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in serpiginous choroidopathy.

AIMS--Analysis of the choroidal findings in patients affected by serpiginous choroidopathy (SC). METHODS--Thirteen patients (23 eyes; 11 males and two females; age range 50-68 years; mean age 59.1 years) affected by SC were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The follow up period was 7-33 months. RESULTS--Using ICGA the disease could be divided into the following stages: (1) subclinical or choroidal stage (hypofluorescent lesions without FA evidence); (2) active stage (with ICGA and FA evidence); (3) subhealing stage (slight late hyperfluorescent lesions with ICGA, with no evidence on FA); (4) inactive or healed stage (hypofluorescent areas with ICGA and hyperfluorescent areas with FA). CONCLUSIONS--Although FA showed a clear distinction between active and healed stages, ICGA allowed a greater subdivision of the disease. In particular, ICGA allowed: (1) better staging of SC, revealing choroidal alterations when there was no ophthalmoscopic or FA evidence; (2) better identification of the active lesions which appear to be larger at the choroidal level in comparison with the corresponding retinal lesions; and (3) revealed a persistence of choroidal activity even when the signs of retinal activity had disappeared. Thus, ICGA should be a particularly useful clinical and therapeutic monitoring tool of SC.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in presumed intraocular tuberculosis

PurposeTo study features of Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with presumed intraocular tuberculosis.MethodsRetrospective study of 48 consecutive patients (77 eyes) who underwent ICGA. The following signs were analysed: choroidal perfusion inhomogeneity, early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels, round or oval hypofluorescent dark dots (HDDs), hypofluorescent geographic lesions (HGLs), fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal choroidal vessels, disc hyperfluorescence and diffuse late choroidal hyperfluorescence.ResultsAmong 44 eyes of 29 patients with no clinical evidence of choroidal involvement, only 7 eyes of 6 patients had no ICGA evidence of choroidal involvement. On the other hand, ICGA findings suggesting choroidal involvement were noted in 37 (84.1%) eyes of 23 patients in the form of HDDs in all 37 (100%) eyes, HGLs in 7 (18.9%) eyes, disc hyperfluorescence in 20 (45.5%) eyes, fuzzy stromal vessels in 17 (38.6%) eyes, early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels in 13 (29.5%) eyes, late pinpoint hyperfluorescence in 11 (25%) eyes and late diffuse choroidal hyperfluorescence in 7 (15.9%) eyes. Among 33 eyes of 19 patients with clinically evident choroidal involvement, the following findings were identified; HDDs in 12 (36.4%) eyes, HGLs in 10 (30.3%) eyes, both HDDs and HGLs in 9 (27.3%) eyes, disc hyperfluorescence in 11 (33.3%) eyes, early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels in 7 (21.2%) eyes, fuzzy stromal vessels in 6 (18.2%) eyes and late diffuse choroidal hyperfluorescence was present in 2 (6.1%) eyes.ConclusionsICGA is necessary in identifying and diagnosing subclinical tuberculous choroidal involvement. The most prevalent ICGA finding was persistent HDDs.Subject terms: Tomography, Outcomes research     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in idiopathic choroidal neovascularization

Purpose. Evaluation of choroidal alterations associated with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV) and the possible relation between this affection and Multifocal Choroidopathies (MC). Methods. The authors analysed, using high definition videoangiography, the choroidal findings in 21 consecutive patients affected by ICNV (7 males and 14 females; 19–46 years; mean age: 31.8 years); with a follow-up at 5–30 months (mean 13 months). Moreover, a retrospective study of 20 cases of ICNV (11 males and 9 females; age: 17–39 years; mean age: 29.3 years), with a follow-up at 6–11 years (mean 8.9), was performed. Results. In 7 eyes, the indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed choroidal hypofluorescent spots similar to those observed in MC (in 3 cases even in the fellow unaffected eye), in 2 of them the regression of the spots was observed after steroid therapy. In 2 eyes, the ICGA revealed hyperfluorescent spots; in one of them the complete regression of the spots after oral cyprofloxacine was observed. In 6 patients (10 eyes), choroidal permeability alterations could be visualized (in 4 cases even in the unaffected eye). Conclusions. The indocyanine green angiographic findings (hypo and hyperfluorescent spots, choroidal permeability alterations) could support the theory of Gass which considers that ICNV is not idiopathic but secondary to a widespread choroidal inflammatory disease. The similarity of the ICGA alterations in ICNV and MC, the observation that cases of ICNV would become MC in the follow-up, could allow the hypothesis of a close connection between these two affections.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in acute retinal necrosis

PURPOSE: To clarify indocyanine green (IA) angiographic features in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). METHODS: Two patients with ARN were examined by fluorescein angiography (FA) and IA, and findings from both were compared. RESULTS: Fundus examination revealed widespread retinal hemorrhages and yellowish-white patches in the periphery, characteristic of ARN. In both cases, FA showed diffuse dye leakage from all retinal veins and the optic disc, and vascular obstruction in the peripheral fundus. In IA, dye leakage was localized, and extravasation of dye was evident only from the lower temporal retinal vein and the lower half of the optic disc. This pattern of indocyanine green dye leakage appeared to be continuous from the optic disc toward the lower temporal retinal vein. Also, IA clearly demonstrated choroidal vascular filling delay in one case in the early phase of the angiogram. CONCLUSIONS: While FA showed diffuse dye leakage from all retinal veins, IA identified only the retinal vessels with the most prominent vascular damage. IA also identified choroidal vascular lesions in these patients with ARN. The information obtained by IA might be useful to detect retinal vasculitis with prominent inflammation and to determine the extent of choroidal inflammation in patients with ARN.     

Indocyanine green and fundus fluorescein angiographic findings in patients with active ocular Behcet's disease

PURPOSE: To define the indocyanine green (ICG) and fundus fluorescein angiographic (FFA) features of Beh?et's disease. METHODS: The study included 49 eyes of 25 patients (19 males, 6 females; mean age: 34.1 years; age range: 14-68 years) with Beh?et's disease and active ocular involvement that fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for Beh?et's Disease. In each patient, FFA and ICG angiography were performed consecutively in the same session using a TRC-50I/A fundus camera (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) coupled to an Image Net digitizing system. All images were analyzed and FFA, ICG, and clinical findings summarized. RESULTS: The mean duration of ocular involvement was 52.4 months (range: 2-240 months). FFA showed staining and dye leakage at the optic disc in 44 (89.8%) eyes and diffuse vasculitis in 36 (73.5%) eyes. Macular edema and ischemia were observed in 31 (63.3%) and 3 (6.1%) eyes, respectively. Eight (16.3%) eyes exhibited detectable retinal FFA alterations, but no abnormalities on ICG angiography. Disc ICG hyperfluorescence was observed in 23 (46.9%) eyes. ICG angiography revealed choroidal fuzziness in 16 (32.6%) eyes, hyperfluorescent spots in 13 (26.5%) eyes, and hypofluorescent plaques in 12 (24.5%) eyes. Eleven eyes (22.4%) showed no abnormal findings on ICG angiography. CONCLUSION: ICG and FFA complement each other as tools for diagnosing patients with Beh?et's disease. FFA often serves as a fairly reliable guide. Although some ICG findings cannot be demonstrated by FFA, they are not specific or pathognomonic. We do not recommend performing both procedures for Beh?et's disease.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy

PURPOSE: To report two patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy studied with combined fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. In particular, the presence of choroidal abnormalities at indocyanine green angiography, which could not be detected by fluorescein angiography, was studied. DESIGN: Observational case reports. METHODS: Retrospective review of the clinical and photographic records of two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in whom choroidopathy developed. RESULTS: Four findings were unveiled by indocyanine green angiography: focal, transient hypofluorescent areas in the very early phase; fuzziness of large choroidal vessels with late diffuse zonal choroidal hyperfluorescence; poorly-defined areas of choroidal hypofluorescence visible up to the late phase; and focal cluster of pinpoint spots of choroidal hyperfluorescence visible from the intermediate to late phase. CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green angiography can provide information that is not detectable by clinical or fluorescein angiographic examination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy. This information may prove useful in better understanding the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Methods ICG angiograms of 15 patients (30 eyes) with Dalen-Fuchs nodules in VKH disease of between 2 months and 5 years after the initial diagnosis were retrospectively studied. Findings of ICG angiography were compared with features of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Results Dalen-Fuchs nodules were easily found in the inferior (30 eyes, 100%) and temporal periphery (22 eyes, 73%) and showed two kinds of fluorescence in ICG angiography. In ten patients (20 eyes), the nodules showed small round hypofluorescent dark dots in the whole process of angiography, and the dark dots were larger in size than the nodules in FFA. Disease course in these patients was relatively long—between 1 year and 5 years. On clinical examination, the nodules were atrophic, and hyperpigmentation was found around them. In another five patients (ten eyes), parts of the nodules showed small hyperfluorescent dots in the early phase, but they were faint in the intermediate phase and became large, hypofluorescent dark dots in the late phase. Disease course in these patients was between 2 and 8 months. The nodules were bright yellow, fresh, and much larger than those in the first kind of ICG fluorescence. Conclusions Dalen-Fuchs nodules in VKH are mostly present in the inferior and temporal periphery. The two kinds of fluorescence of Dalen-Fuchs in ICG angiography may reflect obliteration of choriocapillaris under the nodules and different quantities of lipofuscin in the nodules at different time points of the disease.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings of obscure choroidal abnormalities in neurofibromatosis

We report two cases of choroidal neurofibromatosis, detected with the aid of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF)-1, otherwise having obscure findings based on ophthalmoscopy and fluoresceine angiography (FA). In case 1, the ophthalmoscopic exam showed diffuse bright or yellowish patched areas with irregular and blunt borders at the posterior pole. The FA showed multiple hyperfluorescent areas at the posterior pole in the early phase, which then showed more hyperfluorescence without leakage or extent in the late phase. The ICGA showed diffuse hypofluorescent areas in both the early and late phases, and the deep choroidal vessels were also visible. In case 2, the fundus showed no abnormal findings, and the FA showed weakly hypofluorescent areas with indefinite borders in both eyes. With the ICGA, these areas were more hypofluorescent and had clear borders. Choroidal involvement in NF-1 seems to occur more than expected. In selected cases, ICGA is a useful tool to be utilized when an ocular examination is conducted in a patient that has no definite findings based on the ophthalmoscope, B-scan, or FA tests.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in diffuse choroidal hemangioma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

Purpose: To analyze indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) features in one case of diffuse choroidal hemangioma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Methods: Color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA were performed in a patient with diffuse choroidal hemangioma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Results: The diffuse choroidal hemangioma was not identified by FA. ICGA revealed that the vascular tissue of the diffuse hemangioma filled rapidly with dye during the arterial phase of the choroidal angiogram; copious dye leakage appeared early and persisted into the late phase of angiography. Late ”wash-out” phenomenon was not observed 30 minutes after dye injection. Sectors of reduced choroidal perfusion in the upper or lower half of the midperiphery were present. Conclusion: ICGA may be an important and sensitive technique in detecting the diffuse choroidal hemangioma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Received: 25 November 1999 Revised: 1 February 2000 Accepted: 3 February 2000     

单侧湿性型老年性黄斑变性对侧眼的吲哚青绿血管造影观察

目的 探讨单侧湿性型老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)对侧眼的吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)特征及其临床意义。 方法 对70例一眼为湿性型AMD的患者对侧眼作眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)以及ICGA检查,并对其眼底荧光图像进行比较和分析。 结果 对侧眼的ICGA特征有：①玻璃膜疣可呈现弱荧光、强荧光及正常荧光等表现;②14只眼ICGA中晚期出现强荧光斑;③13只眼呈现有一个或多个片状脉络膜充盈缺损;④18只眼ICGA中晚期出现簇状强荧光小点。 结论 ICGA能较好评价单侧湿性型AMD对侧眼病变损害程度,并有助于寻找发生渗出性改变的危险因素。 (中华眼底病杂志, 1999, 15: 216-218)     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral occult neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose: To determine the role of indocyanine green angiogaphy (ICGA) in the prediction of the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: We reviewed the ICG angiograms of 124 patients with newly diagnosed unilateral occult CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in whom the fellow eye had only drusen by biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography. Follow-up data of at least 12 months were obtained in all eyes. Results: 113 fellow eyes had a normal ICG study, while 11 fellow eyes revealed plaque-like late hyperfluorescence. During an average follow-up time of 18.2 months exudative AMD developed in 7 of 11 eyes with late hyperfluorescence on ICGA and in 6 of 113 with a normal ICGA study. Conclusion: ICGA may help to predict which fellow eyes are at higher risk of developing future exudative changes. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. METHODS: ICG angiograms of 15 patients (30 eyes) with Dalen-Fuchs nodules in VKH disease of between 2 months and 5 years after the initial diagnosis were retrospectively studied. Findings of ICG angiography were compared with features of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). RESULTS: Dalen-Fuchs nodules were easily found in the inferior (30 eyes, 100%) and temporal periphery (22 eyes, 73%) and showed two kinds of fluorescence in ICG angiography. In ten patients (20 eyes), the nodules showed small round hypofluorescent dark dots in the whole process of angiography, and the dark dots were larger in size than the nodules in FFA. Disease course in these patients was relatively long-between 1 year and 5 years. On clinical examination, the nodules were atrophic, and hyperpigmentation was found around them. In another five patients (ten eyes), parts of the nodules showed small hyperfluorescent dots in the early phase, but they were faint in the intermediate phase and became large, hypofluorescent dark dots in the late phase. Disease course in these patients was between 2 and 8 months. The nodules were bright yellow, fresh, and much larger than those in the first kind of ICG fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: Dalen-Fuchs nodules in VKH are mostly present in the inferior and temporal periphery. The two kinds of fluorescence of Dalen-Fuchs in ICG angiography may reflect obliteration of choriocapillaris under the nodules and different quantities of lipofuscin in the nodules at different time points of the disease.     

Treatment of hypotony maculopathy caused by traumatic cyclodialysis

A 29-year-old male experienced abrupt visual loss in the left eye following an elastic cord rebounding injury that resulted in ocular hypotony. He received topical atropine and prednisolone eye drops for more than one month without improvement. On examination, his visual acuity was 1.0 OD and counting fingers at 80 cm OS. Initial intraocular pressure (IOP) was 15 mmHg OD and 6 mmHg OS. Gonioscopic evaluation of his left eye revealed a cyclodialysis cleft positioned between 6 and 7 o'clock. A fundus photograph showed signs of hypotony maculopathy including optic disc edema, tortuous vessels, and chorioretinal folds. B-scan ultrasound displayed choroidal thickening and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated macular edema, subretinal fluid, retinal striae, and choroidal folds. Pars plana vitrectomy and sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) tamponade were performed. After gas absorption, IOP was 11 mmHg OS and remained steady during follow-up. One week after surgery, his visual acuity improved to 0.9. The present case highlights that pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade is worth considering for patients with cyclodialysis cleft associated with hypotony maculopathy. Early surgical intervention remains the treatment of choice when hypotony maculopathy and deteriorated vision are noted. Conservative management may be suitable in cases when visual function is not impaired.