腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用

目的:探讨腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用,为临床治疗阴茎癌提供成功案例.方法:对15例阴茎癌而接受腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的患者进行临床治疗观察.结果:术后病理检查均发现13例有腹股沟淋巴结转移,2例有淋巴结增大,均诊断为鳞状细胞癌.结论:阴茎癌容易并发腹股沟淋巴结转移,建议常规行预防性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,这有助于提高患者的生存率.     

腹股沟淋巴结活检及淋巴清扫在阴茎癌治疗中的价值

随着人乳头状瘤病毒感染病例的增加,阴茎癌发病似有增加趋势.临床上公认的阴茎癌治疗方法是手术切除,但在术中是否均作腹股沟淋巴结活检以及淋巴清扫范围多大,目前尚存有争议.我院1982～1997年7月收治阴茎癌63例,均在术中行无选择性双侧腹股沟淋巴结活检,并对淋巴结活检阳性患者进行双侧髂腹股沟淋巴清扫术,取得较好疗效,现报告如下.     

改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌26例报告

目的：探讨改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用,为临床治疗阴茎癌提供新的方法。方法：采用改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌患者26例,并对患者的治疗结果进行临床观察。结果：每侧平均浅组清扫出淋巴结13．2枚（10～19枚）,深组清扫出淋巴结2．1枚（1～4枚）。术后早期主要并发症为皮瓣皮缘坏死,2侧轻度,1侧中度,无一例患者发生淋巴瘘及淋巴囊肿。晚期并发症为轻度双下肢水肿,共4例（15．4%）。26例患者平均随访时间为34．2个月（14～86个月）,总体无瘤生存率为80．8％,其中N0为100％（17／17）,N1为80％（4／5）,N2为0（0／4）。结论：改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术具有手术效果好、并发症少的特点,有助于提高患者的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术4例报告

目的:探讨阴茎癌治疗中腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的有效性、安全性及围手术期处理。方法:对4例行腹腔镜双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的阴茎癌患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及并发症,评价其安全性和有效性。结果:4例患者均成功实施腹腔镜双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,无一例中转开放手术。平均出血量30(20~50)ml,平均手术时间248(233~272)min,平均清扫淋巴结18(13~23)个,术后平均住院时间9(8~12)d。1例患者出现穿刺位点愈合延迟,余未发生其他并发症。结论:腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术是一种安全、可行的手术方式,与开放手术相比,具有手术时间短、出血量少,并发症少、恢复快、术后住院时间短等优势,尤其可避免皮瓣坏死、皮下血肿。     

腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌研究新进展

腹股沟淋巴结状态是影响阴茎癌预后重要因素之一。传统腹股沟淋巴结清扫术因较高的并发症发生率,严重影响手术效果和生活质量,现已较少应用。腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术能显著降低手术相关并发症发生率且控瘤效果令人满意,有利于改善患者的预后。本文着重于腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的应用、发展、适应证、有效性和并发症进行综述。     

阴茎癌改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术25例报告

目的：将阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术进行改良,以期降低术后并发症的发生率及其严重程度.方法：2000～2008年对25例阴茎癌患者施行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫范围包括腹股沟浅组和深组淋巴结,清除区域内Scarper＇s筋膜下脂肪及纤维组织,不切断大隐静脉主干,旋转带精索的睾丸及鞘膜覆盖股管,而不离断和转移缝匠肌.结果：两侧腹股沟区淋巴结共检出432枚,平均17.3枚,病理证实阳性共17例29枚淋巴结,68%的患者淋巴结转移.术后1例患者出现高热、切口感染、皮缘坏死及远期并发症,另有16%的单侧腹股沟区域出现局部并发症,包括皮缘轻度坏死及愈合延迟、阴囊水肿、淋巴漏.无一例出现严重的大片皮肤坏死、股血管损伤、淋巴管瘤、下肢运动障碍等严重的并发症.五年无进展生存率和总生存率分别为72%和76%.结论：改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术保证根治性清扫范围的同时,减少了手术并发症.     

腹股沟淋巴结清扫在阴茎癌治疗中的应用

阴茎癌是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤。其发病率具有显著的地域差异性,其中,在欧美等发达国家具有较低的发病率,然而,在非洲、南美洲以及亚洲的部分发展中国家或地区,阴茎癌的发病率较高。目前,阴茎癌的主要治疗方法包括:保留阴茎的治疗(微小病灶切除术);阴茎部分切除术;阴茎根治性切除术。区域淋巴结有无转移、转移程度、能否根治切除是影响阴茎癌患者生存率的决定性因素。阴茎癌最早和最常见的区域淋巴结转移部位为腹股沟淋巴结,本文主要阐述了传统开放手术、改良的腹股沟淋巴结清扫术、腹腔镜与机器人辅助腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术在阴茎癌治疗中的应用及各手术方式常见并发症及防治措施。     

腹腔镜与开放性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的临床比较及分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开放性规范化腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的临床疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析2010年10月~2014年1月施行的26例淋巴结清扫手术患者的临床资料:以淋巴结清扫手术方式的不同分为腹腔镜组和开放性组,统计分析两组患者年龄、病程、原发灶病理分级等一般资料,进而比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后恢复时间、术后并发症发生率及手术效果有无差异。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量(29.2±15.3)ml,开放性组术中出血量(81.6±42.5)ml,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后住院时间(15.8±5.5)d,开放性组术后住院时间(24.3±10.8)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组无皮瓣坏死及切口感染发生(0/12),开放性组皮瓣坏死及切口感染发生5例(5/14),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而腹腔镜组手术时间(168.5±41.8)min,开放性组手术时间(156.6±33.1)min,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜组术后淋巴漏囊肿发生2例(2/12),开放性组术后无淋巴漏囊肿发生(0/14),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访4个月~3年,腹腔镜组1例复发,开放性组2例复发,均无死亡患者,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术与传统开放手术相比,不仅可以获得相同的临床疗效,而且具有创伤小、术后恢复快、皮瓣坏死率低、住院时间短的优势,是值得推广的一种淋巴结清扫术式。     

阴茎癌根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的改进

目的:对根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术进行改进,以完整清除淋巴结并减少术后并发症。方法:2003~2004年对20例阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者施行根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫,其中5例还施行了髂淋巴结清扫。腹股沟区的清扫范围包括腹股沟浅组和深组淋巴结,采用暴露好的直切口,皮瓣厚度适中,切断大隐静脉且不转移缝匠肌。髂淋巴结清扫采用下腹正中切口,术后采用逐步降低的负压吸引促进引流和皮瓣愈合。结果:两侧腹股沟区淋巴结平均为21个,阳性淋巴结平均为1.6个。术后病理检查证实55%的患者有淋巴结转移,纠正了40%的术前分期。术后有1例出现高热和局部感染,另有27.5%的单侧腹股沟区域出现局部并发症,包括皮缘坏死、愈合延迟、皮下积液和淋巴瘘。无一例出现大面积皮片坏死和股血管损伤。结论:改进的根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术保证了清扫范围,减少了手术并发症。     

Morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for invasive penile carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and the consequences of complications related to modified and radical inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with invasive penile carcinoma, defined by invasion of the corpus spongiosum or cavernosum (> or =T2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 modified (67.0%), and 58 radical (33.0%) inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed in 88 patients between 1989 and 2000. To decrease the morbidity, radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was proposed only in patients with palpable inguinal lymph nodes, uni- or bilaterally (N1 or N2). Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed bilaterally in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes (N0), and unilaterally in the side without inguinal metastases in N1 patients. Complications were assessed retrospectively with a median follow-up of 46 months and classified as early (event observed during the 30 days after the procedure) or late (event present after hospitalisation or after the first months). RESULTS: A total of 74 complications after 176 procedures were recorded. After modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, 8 early (6.8%) and 4 late (3.4%) complications were observed. There were a total of 110 dissections with no complications and 8 dissections with 1 or 2 complications. After radical inguinal lymphadenectomy, the morbidity increased with 24 early (41.4%) and 25 late (43.1%) complications, observed in only 18 of 58 radical procedures. Leg oedema was the most common late complication, interfering with ambulation in 13 cases (22.4%). CONCLUSION: Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, with saphenous vein sparing and limited dissection offers excellent functional outcome in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. The morbidity after radical lymphadenectomy still significant, especially in patients with multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes treated by pelvic and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy.     

Single-position robot-assisted versus laparoscopic antegrade bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: A retrospective controlled study

ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to compare the surgical strategy and clinical outcomes of single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.Materials and methods21 patients were diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma and identified from March 2010 to December 2020 in our department. Ten patients were received single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (robot-assisted group), and eleven patients underwent laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (laparoscopic group). Preoperative physical examination and related auxiliary examinations all indicated bilateral inguinal lymph node enlargement, and there was no distant metastasis patient presented during the follow-up period.ResultsThere was no intraoperative conversion to open surgery. The operation time under robot-assisted group was 104 ± 13 min which was significantly shorter than laparoscopic group (136 ± 11 min, P < 0.01). The average number of lymph nodes was 22.2 ± 4.5 of both sides in robot-assisted group, which was statistically different compared with laparoscopic group (15.4 ± 3.1, p < 0.01). Moreover, there was significant difference of hospitalization cost between two groups (CNY 67429 ± 5586 vs 28582 ± 3774, P < 0.01). No differences in operation time, blood loss, and length of stay were recorded.ConclusionsThe single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy reveals with shorter operating time, and better surgical effect, Moreover, we prefer to no change the trocars layout and mechanical arm system during the operation.     

Complications of inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a contemporary series

PURPOSE: We examined complications in a contemporary population of patients with penile cancer undergoing inguinal lymphadenectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of all patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from January 1992 to May 2003 were reviewed. Complications and length of stay were examined. Complications were divided into early (30 days or less after surgery) and late (greater than 30 days). RESULTS: A total of 41 men were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, of whom 22 underwent a total of 40 inguinal lymphadenectomies (ILs). Of the patients 13 underwent unilateral IL, 9 underwent simultaneous bilateral ILs and 10 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy. Mean followup was 34.2 months (range 9.2 to 69.3). Early complications were lymphedema in 4 of 40 cases (10%), minor wound infection in 3 (7.5%) and minor wound separation in 3 (7.5%). Additionally, 5 of 40 patients (12.5%) had lymphoceles, which spontaneously resolved. Late complications were lymphedema in 2 of 40 patients (5%), flap necrosis in 1 (2.5%) and lymphocele in 1 (2.5%), requiring percutaneous drainage. There was no significant difference in the complication rates in patients with unilateral dissection compared to bilateral or pelvic lymph node dissection. Median length of stay was 2 days (range 1 to 9). There was no significant difference in hospital stay for unilateral dissection compared to bilateral or pelvic lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the relative safety of a contemporary lymphadenectomy. We believe that these results lend support to early lymphadenectomy, including simultaneous bilateral dissections, when clinically indicated. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the benefits of a standard postoperative pathway using compression stockings, sequential compression devices and early ambulation with restricted anticoagulant use.     

Modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis: technique and results

PURPOSE: Modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis is presented that satisfies the requirement for complete groin dissection, while significantly decreasing postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 2 with leiomyosarcoma of the penis underwent bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, including removal of the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes. To avoid damage to the vessels of the groin region that run parallel to the inguinal ligament and lie in the fat of the superficial layer of the superficial fascia dissection is done beneath this layer. The proper cleavage plane is just above the membranous layer of the superficial fascia, beneath which the superficial inguinal lymph nodes are located. The saphenous vein is preserved and the sartorius muscle is left in situ, so as not to disturb collateral lymphatic drainage. RESULTS: At a followup of 6 to 104 months no skin necrosis, infection or deep venous thrombosis occurred. In 2 patients early moderate lymphedema of the lower extremities resolved with time, 2 had scrotal edema and 3 had a transient lymphocele. CONCLUSIONS: As described, modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy decreases the morbidity associated with groin dissection, while removing superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes.     

改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术医护配合

目的 总结探讨改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术（VEIL）的医护配合经验,为更好配合内镜手术开展及推广提供支持.方法 回顾性总结我院2010年4月至2013年12月9例行双侧改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的阴茎癌患者医护配合特点,统计相关数据.结果 9例患者（18侧）手术在医护配合下均成功完成,单侧手术时间79～121 min,平均时间97 min,手术清扫淋巴结7～11个,平均8个,每例患者术中出血量45～90 ml,平均51ml,无中转开放,无术中并发症;术后除1例患者发生淋巴漏外,无一例发生皮瓣坏死或切口延迟愈合,无出现腘窝血管压迫及压疮.结论改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在保证肿瘤根治效果的同时降低了手术难度,降低了并发症发生率,注意术中医护配合细节,可更好的完成手术,利于该术式规范化及推广.     

Predictive pathological factors of lymph nodes involvement in the squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

Objectives:To evaluate the predictive role ofprimary tumor histopathological features inpredicting inguinal lymph nodes involvement inpatients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.Material and methods:We retrospectivelyanalysed pathological records from 30consecutive patients who underwent penectomyfor invasive squamous cell carcinoma of thepenis. All histological specimens were reviewedby the same pathologist. We considered thefollowing histological parameters: histologicalgrading, growth pattern, deph invasion, tumourthickness, nuclear grading, poorlydifferentiated cancer rate, vascular andlymphatic embolization, eosinophilic andmononuclear infiltration and pathologicalstage.Results:Lymph nodes involvement occurred in 5patients who underwent `early' lymphadenectomyand in other 4 ones during oncologicalsurveillance. Lymph nodes metastasis resultedsignificantly correlated with histologicalgrading (p = 0.005), lymphatic (p = 0.005) andvenous (p = 0.02) embolization, corporacavernosa (p = 0.03) and urethra (p = 0.03)infiltration. Histological grading andlymphatic embolization were independentpredictive variables of lymph nodes involvement(p = 0.02).Conclusions:The histological grading andlymphatic embolization have to be considered asimportant parameters to select patients withpenile squamous cell carcinoma to undergo an`early' lymphadenectomy.     

单孔腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在原发性阴道癌中的应用

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗原发性阴道癌的临床疗效和手术策略,为单孔腹腔镜在阴道癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术中的应用提供经验和参考。 方法2018年6月至7月东南大学附属中大医院妇科对2例原发性阴道癌患者成功实施了单孔腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,对其临床资料和手术策略进行回顾性分析。 结果2例患者共4侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术均顺利完成,无中转传统多孔腹腔镜和开放手术。单侧平均手术时间45 min(35～55 min),单侧平均术中出血量45 ml(20～85 ml),单侧淋巴结平均清扫数7.2枚(6～9枚),其中1例患者在一侧腹股沟区检出2枚(12%)阳性淋巴结。术后腹股沟区均采用负压持续引流,引流量平均每日32.5 ml(2～250 ml),术后8 d均拔除引流管。随访至2018年9月,2例患者均无伤口感染、伤口裂开、皮瓣坏死、下肢水肿、淋巴漏等并发症,未发现肿瘤复发和转移。 结论单孔腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗原发性阴道癌安全可行,可减少术后并发症。     

阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术中保留大隐静脉能否减少术后并发症的系统评价

目的 探讨阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术中保留大隐静脉能否减少术后并发症的发生.方法 在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Co-chrane Library等电子数据库中进行阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术相关文献检索,检索时限从建库至2017年4月1日.由2名研究者独立交叉阅读筛选及提取文献信息,第3名研究员对结果进行对比核查.结果 纳入符合标准的文献共39篇.开放腹股沟淋巴结清扫术组12篇(其中单纯保留大隐静脉组7篇,单纯切除大隐静脉组2篇,有3篇文献同时对比保留大隐静脉组及切除大隐静脉组),腹腔镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术组27篇(其中单纯保留大隐静脉组8篇,单纯切除大隐静脉组18篇,有1篇文献同时对比保留大隐静脉组及切除大隐静脉组).保留大隐静脉/不保留大隐静脉的开放腹股沟淋巴结清扫术病例的切口感染率、皮瓣坏死率、淋巴肿发生率、血清肿发生率、下肢水肿发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).保留大隐静脉/不保留大隐静脉的腹腔镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术病例的切口感染率、血清肿发生率、下肢水肿发生率差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 无论在开放或是腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术中,保留大隐静脉相对于不保留者能显著减少术后并发症的发生.