介入治疗联合干细胞移植治疗肝硬化临床分析

目的:探讨和评价介入治疗联合干细胞移植治疗失代偿期肝硬化的近期疗效及其安全性。方法:30例失代偿期肝硬化患者,随机分为3组,每组各10例。A组仅行药物治疗,B组行TIPS治疗,C组行TIPS联合脐带血干细胞移植治疗。术前1周、术后1月及术后3月观察3组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平变化及并发症情况。结果:手术及干细胞移植顺利,3组患者术前ALT、ALB、TB均无明显差异;A组患者药物治疗前后肝功能无特殊变化;B组患者术后1月、3月时ALT(P<0.01)及术后1月时TB(P<0.05)较术前升高;C组患者术后3月时ALT较术前减低,ALB则较术前明显升高(P<0.01),但ALB(30.78±0.69 g/L)仍低于正常下限(35 g/L)。术后1月时B组ALT及TB均较A组及C组升高(P<0.05);术后3月时C组患者ALT较其他组降低明显(P<0.05),而ALB则较其他组升高(P<0.01)。C组术后并发肝性脑病1例,术后3月肝胆CT检查分流道通畅,未见占位病变。结论:介入治疗联合干细胞移植治疗失代偿期肝硬化安全可靠,近期疗效显著。     

血清胆固醇与MELD评分预测失代偿期肝硬化患者预后的价值

目的探讨血清胆固醇与终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分对失代偿期肝硬化患者预后的预测价值。方法入选135例失代偿期肝硬化患者,根据随访12月的存活情况分组。观察死亡组与存活组血清总胆红素、肌酐、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比率、胆固醇等相关以计算MELD评分。应用ROC曲线评价血清胆固醇浓度与MELD分值失代偿期肝硬化患者预后的预测能力及最佳临界值。结果 MELD分值越高,失代偿期肝硬化患者死率越高。死亡组患者血清总胆红素、国际标准化率及MELD分值明显高于存活组,血清胆固醇低于存活组（P〈0.05）;MELD评分及血清胆固醇对失代偿期肝硬化患者12月预后评估的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.856、0.825;MELD评分预测失代偿期肝硬化患者死亡的最佳临界值为≥26,血清CHOL预测失代偿期肝硬化患者死亡的最佳临界值为≤1.5μmol/L;当MELD评分≥26分同时血清CHOL值≤1.5μmol/L判断失代偿期肝硬化患者预后的敏感性及特异性分别为94.21%和88.15%。结论血清胆固醇与MELD评分是预测失代偿期肝硬化患者短期生存率的较好指标,血清胆固醇与MELD评分可提高重型肝炎预后预测的准确性。     

血小板减少症患者经颈静脉肝内门体分流术安全性和预后分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压伴血小板减少症患者接受经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS治疗的安全性和预后。方法 回顾性选取2015年11月至2021年5月在武汉协和医院接受TIPS术治疗的229例门静脉高压患者,根据术前患者血小板计数(PLT)分为重度血小板减少组(PLT<40×10⁹/L,n=44)和轻度血小板减少组(PLT 40～100×10⁹/L,n=185)。绘制术后肝肾功能折线图,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析比较两组患者临床预后。结果 所有患者均成功实施TIPS术,技术成功率为100%。围手术期无严重并发症发生。重度血小板减少组、轻度血小板减少组术前平均PLT分别为(30.5±7.7)×10⁹/L、(65.1±16.9)×10⁹/L,术后肝肾功能指标变化趋势无显著差异。随访期间,重度血小板减少组、轻度血小板减少组1年支架功能障碍发生率分别为2.4%、6.9%,2年支架功能障碍发生率分别为5.9%、11.4%,两组间差异无统计学意义(HR=0.80,95%CI=0.25～2.52,L...     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年高血压患者血脂水平及炎性因子的影响

 目的 探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年人高血压患者血脂水平及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎性因子的影响。方法 将120例老年高血压患者随机分为对照组、治疗1组和治疗2组,3组均接受常规治疗,治疗1组和治疗2组在常规治疗基础上睡前分别口服阿托伐他汀10 mg/d和20 mg/d,均在入院48 h内开始用药,治疗8周。统计3组患者入院24 h内及治疗12周后的血压、血脂、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的相关数据并进行比较。结果 与治疗前比较,3组治疗后血压均明显下降(均P＜0.05)。3组TC、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6 和TNF-α均有不同程度的下降,对照组、治疗1组和治疗2组治疗后的TC分别为(5.89±0.53) mmol/L、(5.11±0.53) mmol/L和(4.92±0.23) mmol/L,相应3组治疗后的LDL-C分别为(3.09±0.71) mmol/L、(2.69±0.33)mmol/L和(2.21±0.31) mmol/L,而hs-CRP分别为(6.84±0.63) mg/L、(5.79±0.98 )mg/L和(4.49±1.01) mg/L。与对照组比较,治疗1 组的TC、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平明显降低(P＜0.05),且治疗2组的LDL-C、hs-CRP 水平明显低于治疗1组(P＜0.05)。结论 阿托伐他汀能显著降低老年高血压患者血脂水平及炎性因子水平,剂量20 mg/d比10 mg/d效果更好。     

64层螺旋CT静脉成像在肝硬化门脉高压症早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肝硬化门脉高压的早期诊断.方法 研究经病理和/或临床诊断的42例肝硬化早期、中晚期病人64层螺旋CT门静脉及肝静脉血管成像表现,测量42例患者及15例健康者门静脉和肝右静脉管径并分析64层螺旋CT门脉血管成像法在肝硬化门脉高压症的早期诊断价值.结果 所有病人的观察血管在显示较佳的基础上,测得门静脉宽度(PV)在正常对照组(＜12 mm)与其他2组比较有显著性差异,肝硬化代偿组与失代偿组之间差异无明显统计学意义;肝右静脉宽度(RHV)在代偿期内径明显增宽,＞10 mm,而失代偿期肝静脉明显变窄,血管强化密度减低;PV/RHV比值在失代偿期约1.77±0.06,正常对照组及肝硬化代偿组PV/RHV均＜1.5.利用后处理软件最大密度投影(MIP)观察门静脉及肝右静脉血管,代偿组可显示3级以上的门静脉及肝右静脉,失代偿组肝右静脉显示欠佳,最多显示1级,门静脉属支走行扭曲且最多显示3级.结论 64层螺旋CT肝、门静脉血管成像对临床肝硬化门脉高压的早期诊断有重要临床意义.     

非对称性二甲基精氨酸检测在妊娠期高血压疾病中的临床意义

目的 探讨检测血清非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)在妊娠期高血压疾病中的临床意义.方法 选择伴或不伴妊娠期高血压疾病的孕产妇各50例分别作为观察组和对照组,比较两组血清ADMA及一氧化氮(NO)水平,并分析不同妊娠高血压疾病患者中ADMA及NO的水平.结果 观察组ADMA水平(3.8±0.8) μmol/L较对照组的(2.4±0.6)μmol/L显著升高(P＜0.01);NO水平(36.2±10.6) μmol/L较对照组的(56.8±16.2) μmol/L显著降低(P＜0.01).与妊娠期高血压、妊娠合并慢性高血压相比,子痫前期、子痫及慢性高血压并发子痫前期患者血清ADMA水平显著增高(P＜0.05),而NO水平显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 血清ADMA的检测有助于妊娠期高血压疾病的早期诊断,并且有助于判断子痫前期及子痫.     

微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌46例分析

目的 探讨微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(PHC)的临床疗效.方法 82例PHC患者随机分为两组,单纯TACE组36例(对照组),微波消融+TACE 46例(治疗组).观察两组治疗后3个月的临床疗效和AFP变化情况及1、2、3年生存率.结果 对照组和治疗组AFP由治疗前的(479.3±96.2) μg/L和(491.2±103.1)μg/L降为治疗后的(115.3±49.3) μg/L和(78.1±38.9)μg/L.1、2、3年生存率:治疗组为78.3％、54.3％、34.8％;对照组为61.1％、36.1％、19.4％.治疗组未发生严重并发症.结论 微波消融联合TACE是治疗PHC的一种新的安全有效的治疗方法,可以延长PHC患者的生存期.     

失代偿期肝硬化患者外周血干细胞因子水平测定及意义探讨

目的探讨失代偿期肝硬化患者外周血干细胞因子（stemcellfactor,SCF）与健康体检者的差异。方法失代偿期肝硬化患者20例及门诊体检者15例．ELISA法检测各组血清SCF水平。结果失代偿期肝硬化患者血清SCF水平明显高于健康对照组（2612±39．4ng／L vs．2263±25．7ng/L,P〈0．01）,差异有统计学意义。结论失代偿期肝硬化患者外周血清SCF水平增高,提示肝硬化失代偿时肝再生可能需要自体干细胞的参与。     

原位肝移植后下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗一例

临床资料 患者男,40岁,患肝炎肝硬化、肝功能失代偿,于2006年9月22日行原位肝移植(OLT)治疗,手术顺利,术后反复出现胸腔、腹腔积液,经利尿等对症治疗后好转.2007年5月开始腹胀加重,尿量少,双下肢及阴囊水肿,肝、肾功能检查总胆红素42 μmol/L、白蛋白40.3 g/L;尿素氮20.4mol/L、肌酐237 μmol/L.彩色多普勒超声检查显示右侧胸水、大量腹水,门静脉血流通畅,下腔静脉显示不清,MRA肝后段下腔静脉显示不清.     

地塞米松对血管内皮细胞11β-HSD1基因表达的影响

目的 探讨地塞米松(Dex)对血管内皮细胞11β羟基类固醇脱氢酶1(11β-HSD1)mRNA表达的影响,以及p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和糖皮质激素(GC)受体在其中所起的作用.方法 先给予不同浓度(10-9、10-8、10-6、10-5、10-3mol/L)的Dex与血管内皮细胞共同培养24h,应用RT-PCR测定各浓度组中11β-HSD1 mRNA水平,其中不接触Dex的细胞为正常对照组;采用p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580(10-2mol/L)及GC受体特异性抑制剂RU486(10-6mol/L)与细胞作用2h后,再加入Dex(10-6、10-3mol/L)作用24h,RT-PCR测定11β-HSD1 mRNA水平,其中仅用Dex处理的细胞作为阴性对照组,不加干扰因素的细胞作为正常对照组.结果 Dex(10-9、10-8、10-6、10-5、10-3mol/L)各个浓度组中11β-HSD1 mRNA/β-actin mRNA(分别为0.120±0.040、0.140±0.020、0.280±0.030、0.360±0.060、0.460±0.040)均不同程度高于正常对照组(0.030±0.004,P＜0.05),并且与Dex浓度呈剂量依赖性.在不同浓度Dex(10-6、10-3mol/L)处理的细胞中,SB20358组中11β-HSD1 mRNA/β-actin mRNA值(分别为0.28±0.03、0.46±0.04)与阴性对照组(分别为0.28±0.03、0.46±0.04)相比没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);而RU486组中11β-HSD1 mRNA/β-actin mRNA值(分别为0.21±0.02、0.36±0.05)与阴性对照组相比显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 Dex可能部分通过GC受体诱导11β-HSD1基因转录增强,而与p38MAPK通路的激活无关.     

Ventricular function

Multiple modalities contribute to the evaluation of ventricular function. The role of cineangiography, echocardiography, MR imaging, ultrafast CT, and nuclear medicine continue to evolve and improve our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of ventricular function. This article discusses the use and limitation of each modality.     

Monitoring renal function and limitations of renal function tests

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide public health problem, with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The National Kidney Foundation, through its Kidney Disease Quality Outcome Initiative (K/DOQI) and other National institutions, recommend glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates for the definition, classification, screening, and monitoring of CKD. Prediction equations based on serum creatinine values were chosen both for adults (Cockcroft-Gault [C-G] and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] study equations) and for children (Schwartz and Counahan-Barratt equations). This review aims to evaluate from recent literature the clinical efficiency and relevance of these equations in terms of bias, precision, and reproducibility in different specific indications (eg, screening CKD, assessment of disease progression, or therapy efficacy) in different populations. Because these prediction equations based on serum creatinine have limitations, especially in the normal or near-normal GFR range, kidney transplant recipients, and pediatric populations, other prediction equations based on serum cystatin C value were also considered as possibly more sensitive GFR surrogate markers. Recent guidelines state that the cystatin C-based prediction equation cannot be recommended for use in clinical practice. With prediction equations based on serum creatinine, the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) recommendations are to report a numerical estimate in round numbers only for GFR values <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). The MDRD equation generally outperforms the C-G equation but may still have a high level of bias, depending on creatinine assay calibration, and low precision with, at best, approximately 80% of estimated GFR in the "accuracy range" of 70-130% of the measured GFR value, even in patients with known CKD. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations, many indications remain for GFR measurements using a clearance method. In that context, it should be recalled that radiolabeled-tracer plasma or urinary clearance methods, are safe, simple, accurate and reproducible.     

The tensor distribution function

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool that can be employed to study white matter microstructure by examining the 3D displacement profile of water molecules in brain tissue. By applying diffusion‐sensitized gradients along a minimum of six directions, second‐order tensors (represented by three‐by‐three positive definite matrices) can be computed to model dominant diffusion processes. However, conventional DTI is not sufficient to resolve more complicated white matter configurations, e.g., crossing fiber tracts. Recently, a number of high‐angular resolution schemes with more than six gradient directions have been employed to address this issue. In this article, we introduce the tensor distribution function (TDF), a probability function defined on the space of symmetric positive definite matrices. Using the calculus of variations, we solve the TDF that optimally describes the observed data. Here, fiber crossing is modeled as an ensemble of Gaussian diffusion processes with weights specified by the TDF. Once this optimal TDF is determined, the orientation distribution function (ODF) can easily be computed by analytic integration of the resulting displacement probability function. Moreover, a tensor orientation distribution function (TOD) may also be derived from the TDF, allowing for the estimation of principal fiber directions and their corresponding eigenvalues. Magn Reson Med 61:205–214, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Temperature and neuromuscular function

This review focuses on the effects of different environmental temperatures on the neuromuscular system. During short duration exercise, performance improves from 2% to 5% with a 1 °C increase in muscle temperature. However, if central temperature increases (i.e., hyperthermia), this positive relation ceases and performance becomes impaired. Performance impairments in both cold and hot environment are related to a modification in neural drive due to protective adaptations, central and peripheral failures. This review highlights, to some extent, the different effects of hot and cold environments on the supraspinal, spinal and peripheral components of the neural drive involved in the up- and down-regulation of neuromuscular function and shows that temperature also affects the neural drive transmission to the muscle and the excitation-contraction coupling.     

Energetics of myocardial function

The question of whether the heart in humans is resistant to deterioration during prolonged exercise is addressed in this review. An evaluation of the available data in the literature shows: 1) whole body VO2 increases during vigorous prolonged exercise, primarily due to an increase in O2 consumption of working muscles; 2) heat exacerbates the rise in VO2; 3) these factors, hard exercise and heat, induce cardiovascular drift which involves progressive decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume, with heart rate increasing to maintain cardiac output; 4) the fall in stroke volume appears to occur, at least in part, because ventricular filling pressure is lowered with a fall in central venous volume as cutaneous venous volume increases; 5) there is some limited indirect evidence that the inotropic state of the heart may also decrease with prolonged exhaustive exercise; and (6) neither estimates of heart work nor myocardial energetics appear to change in healthy men after 1 h of exercise under temperate conditions.