射血分数中间值的心力衰竭患者的“肥胖悖论”

目的探究射血分数中间值的心力衰竭(HFmrEF)患者中是否存在"肥胖悖论"及HFmrEF患者的预后影响因素。方法纳入2018年5月至2019年8月期间于哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心衰中心登记处登记的HFmrEF患者, 根据体质量指数(BMI)分为非超重组(BMI<24 kg/m2)和超重组(BMI≥24 kg/m2), 随访周期为患者出院后的1周、1月、3月、1年, 患者的中位随访时间为10.7(7.9∽14.7)月, 观察BMI对HFmrEF患者的全因死亡、心衰再住院/全因死亡的复合终点的影响。结果共纳入315名患者, 年龄为(63.6±12.8)岁, BMI范围15.0～49.3 kg/m2, 非超重组141例(44.8%), 超重组174例(55.2%)。与非超重组患者相比, 超重组患者未调整的全因死亡风险显著降低[风险比(HR)0.318, 95%可信区间(CI)0.167～0.603, P<0.001], 复合终点风险显著降低(HR 0.685, 95%CI 0.472～0.996, P=0.047), 调整后的全因死亡风险显著降低(HR 0.469, 95%CI...     

急性心力衰竭患者远期死亡的预测因素分析

目的 探讨急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者远期死亡的预测因素。方法 连续入选南方医科大学顺德医院2012年6月—12月因AHF住院的患者512例,根据出院后1年内是否死亡分为存活组(n＝323)和死亡组(n＝189)。记录患者的基线资料。对出院患者进行中位随访时间20.2月的随访,记录全因死亡事件。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析死亡的危险因素。结果 1年内全因死亡率为36.9%。单因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.02～1.95,P＜0.05)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00～1.02,P＜0.05)、脑钠肽升高(HR 1.78,95%CI 1.05～3.01,P＜0.05)、低白蛋白(HR 0.94,95%CI 0.92～0.97,P＜0.001)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94～1.00,P＜0.05)是AHF患者远期死亡的独立预测因素。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析提示,AHF病史(HR 1.41,95%CI 1.06～1.88,P＝0.018)、心率增快(HR 1.01,95%CI 1.00～1.01,P＝0.024)、低白蛋白(HR 0.96,95%CI 0.94～0.99,P＝0.003)、低血钠(HR 0.97,95%CI 0.94～0.99,P＝0.010)是AHF患者远期死亡的危险因素。结论 AHF病史、心率增快、低白蛋白、低血钠是AHF患者远期死亡的预测因素。     

体质量指数与腔隙性脑梗死患者预后的关系研究

目的探讨体质量指数(BMI)与腔隙性脑梗死患者预后的关系。方法纳入中国脑卒中管理质量评估登记研究(China Quality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment)数据库中TOAST分型为腔隙性脑梗死的患者3410例,其中低体质量组(BMI18.5kg/m~2)182例、正常体质量组(BMI 18.5~23.9kg/m~2)1639例、超重组(BMI24.0~27.9kg/m~2)1212例和肥胖组(BMI≥28.0kg/m~2)377例。终点事件包括12个月时全因死亡、死亡或严重残疾、感染并发症和脑卒中复发。结果与正常体质量组比较,低体质量组12个月时累计全因死亡率升高(19.1%vs 6.7%,P0.01),超重组和肥胖组变化无显著差异(6.0%和3.8%vs 6.7%,P0.05)。多因素分析显示,以正常体质量组为参照,低体质量组12个月累计全因死亡(HR=1.91,95%CI:1.22~2.98,P=0.004)、12个月时死亡或严重残疾(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.05~2.14,P=0.026)及感染并发症(OR=1.92,95%CI:1.21~3.06,P=0.006)的风险更高,脑卒中复发风险无显著差异;超重组和肥胖组患者发生上述终点事件的风险无显著差异。结论腔隙性脑梗死患者中,低体质量伴随脑卒中预后不良风险升高,但脑卒中复发的风险无显著改变。     

BMI与冠脉搭桥术后冠脉三支病变患者预后相关性

目的肥胖是冠心病的重要危险因素。冠脉三支病变是冠心病患者中的特殊人群,病变复杂而且死亡率高。冠脉搭桥是冠脉三支病变患者的重要治疗手段。肥胖和超重是否能增加冠脉搭桥术后三支病变患者的死亡风险尚未有明确的结论。不同的BMI(体重指数)对冠脉三支病变患者行冠脉搭桥术后的预后有何影响目前尚不清楚,需要进一步探讨。方法本研究入选了2004~2011年在阜外医院住院的行冠脉搭桥治疗的冠脉三支病变的患者2681例,收集基线资料,平均随访7.1年。将入组的患者依据不同的BMI分为体重过轻组(18.5 kg/m2)、正常体重组(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重组(24~27.9 kg/m2)、轻度肥胖组(28~31.9 kg/m2)重度肥胖组(≥32kg/m2)。比较不同的BMI组别全因死亡及心血管死亡的差别。结果体重过轻组相对于体重正常组全因死亡风险显著增加(HR:2.53;1.09~5.88)。相对于正常体重组,超重和轻度肥胖组全因死亡有减少的趋势(HR:0.80;0.61~1.09)、(HR:0.85;0.58~1.23),重度肥胖组全因死亡风险有增加的趋势(HR:1.66;0.87~3.15),但均无统计学意义。相对于体重正常组,超重组的心血管死亡风险显著降低(HR:0.57;0.36~0.92),轻度肥胖组心血管死亡风险有减少趋势但无统计学意义(HR:0.84;0.46~1.53),重度肥胖心血管死亡风险有增加的趋势但无统计学意义(HR:2.17;0.82~5.73)。体重过轻的患者相对于正常体重组心血管死亡风险无显著差别(HR:0.87;0.12~6.53)。结论在行冠脉搭桥术后的冠脉三支病变患者中,相对于正常体重患者,低体重患者全因死亡风险增加,超重患者的心血管死亡风险减少。     

BMI与冠脉介入治疗的三支病变患者预后相关性

目的伴随着肥胖与超重的流行,体重问题已经被日益关注。已知的证据表面肥胖是冠心病的危险因素,但是肥胖是否可以增加冠心病的死亡风险,目前尚无定论。三支病变是严重冠心病人群,冠脉介入治疗是除冠脉搭桥术之外该人群的重要治疗手段。肥胖和超重是否能增加介入术后三支病变患者的死亡风险需要进一步去探讨。方法本研究入选了2004-2011年在阜外医院住院的行冠脉介入治疗的三支病变的患者3722例,收集基线资料,并随访7.1年。将入组的患者依据不同的BMI分为体重过轻组(18.5 kg/m~2)、正常体重组(18.5-23.9 kg/m~2)、超重组(24-27.9 kg/m~2)、轻度肥胖组(28-31.9 kg/m~2)重度肥胖组(≥32kg/m~2)。比较不同的BMI组别全因死亡及心血管死亡的差别。结果相对于正常体重组,体重过轻组的全因死亡无显著差别(HR:0.59;0.14-2.38)。相对于体重正常组,超重组和轻度肥胖组的全因死亡有减少趋势但无统计学意义(HR:0.90;0.71-1.12)、(HR:0.90;0.66-1.23)。相对于体重正常组,超重组的心血管死亡有减少趋势无统计学意义(HR:0.89;0.63-1.24)。重度肥胖组相对于体重正常组,全因死亡及心血管死亡有增加的趋势但无统计学意义(HR:1.45;0.87-2.44)、(HR:1.25;0.56-2.79)。结论在行冠脉介入治疗的冠脉三支病变的人群中,未见到BMI与全因死亡及心血管死亡有显著相关性。     

体质指数对合并2型糖尿病的心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的:分析在合并2型糖尿病的慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者中体质指数(BMI)对预后的影响及肥胖矛盾的存在情况。方法:回顾性分析2014-2015年我院收治的226例合并2型糖尿病的心衰住院患者,根据BMI分为3组:体重正常组(18.5kg/m~2≤BMI24kg/m~2)、超重组(24kg/m~2≤BMI28kg/m~2)、肥胖组(BMI≥28kg/m~2),于2016-06-07对患者进行随访。比较各组临床指标、全因死亡及主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡及心衰再住院)情况。结果:226例患者均完成随访,体重正常组92例,超重组93例,肥胖组41例。发生全因死亡28例(12.4%),发生MACE 101例(44.7%)。其中,体重正常组和肥胖组全因死亡率分别为14.1%(13/92)和12.2%(5/41),均高于超重组的10.8%(10/93)。体重正常组和肥胖组MACE发生率分别为50%(46/92)和58.5%(24/41),均高于超重组的33.3%(32/93),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。应用KaplanMeier曲线,超重组MACE均低于其他2组(P0.01),但全因死亡率方面无显著差异(P0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型中,与肥胖组患者相比,在调整了其他因素后,体重正常组的MACE[风险比(RR)=0.605,95%可信区间(CI):0.363~1.008,P=0.054]风险降低,超重组MACE(RR=0.430,95%CI:0.251~0.738,P0.01)风险降低更为明显。结论:肥胖矛盾可能不存在于合并2型糖尿病的心衰人群中,将BMI控制在28kg/m~2以下可能有益于减少不良心血管事件的发生。     

体重指数对行介入治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者长期预后的影响

目的:探讨体重指数(BMI)对于行介入治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者长期预后的影响。方法:连续纳入了自2013-01至2013-12于阜外医院行介入治疗的STEMI患者1435例,根据BMI(kg/m~2)将患者分为正常体重组(18.5≤BMI24.0,n=365)、超重组(24.0≤BMI28.0,n=718)和肥胖组(BMI≥28.0,n=352),随访观察BMI对主要心脑血管不良事件的影响,并分析BMI对于全因死亡及心原性死亡是否有预测价值。结果:肥胖组的全因死亡率明显低于正常体重组(0.6%vs3.0%,P=0.027),而超重组则无统计学意义;而在出血、脑卒中、支架内血栓、血运重建、再次心肌梗死以及心原性死亡事件发生率3组间差异无统计学意义;多因素分析显示肥胖为全因死亡的独立预测因子(HR=0.201,95%CI:0.043~0.943,P=0.042);BMI并非为心原性死亡的独立预测因子。结论:对于STEMI行PCI的患者,肥胖患者的预后明显好于体重正常和超重的患者且为全因死亡独立预测因子,"肥胖悖论"在该人群中成立。     

冠状动脉介入治疗术后肥胖对非靶病变血运重建的影响

目的评价肥胖对接受药物洗脱支架（DES）置入的冠心病患者再次血运重建的影响,包括由再狭窄引起的靶病变血运重建（TLR）和动脉粥样硬化进展引起的非靶病变血运重建（非TLR）。方法我们回顾性分析了安贞医院自2004年1月至2006年12月接受DES的共4972例患者,根据体重指数（BMI）分为三组：正常组（BMI〈24.9kg/m2,1284例）;超重组（BMI25～29.9kg/m2,2475例）以及肥胖组（BMI〉30kg/m2,1213例）。中位随访时间为26个月。结果随访结果显示,肥胖患者与正常和超重患者的TLR差异无统计学意义（6.8%比5.4%比6.3%,P=0.186）。而肥胖组患者的非TLR较正常和超重组患者明显增加（8.6%比5.9%比5.7%,P=0.001）。多因素分析显示,肥胖与糖尿病、高脂血症一起,均是非TLR的独立预测因素（HR=1.45,95%CI=1.03～1.98,P=0.024）,而他汀治疗是非TLR的保护因素（HR=0.66,95%CI=0.52～0.84,P〈0.001）。进一步分析发现,肥胖在未服用他汀的患者人群中是非TLR的独立预测因素（HR1.54,95%CI1.03～2.30;P=0.038）,但在同时服用他汀的人群中,肥胖并不独立地增加非TLR的风险（HR1.28,95%CI0.81～2.04,P=0.265）。结论在接受DES的冠心病人群中,肥胖不增加TLR的风险,但可独立增加非TLR的风险。他汀治疗可能会部分缓解肥胖对非TLR的不良影响。本研究结果仍有待进一步研究的证实。     

体重指数与进行血管重建的冠心病患者预后的关系

目的了解体重指数(BMI)对接受血管重建治疗的冠心病患者预后的影响。方法DESIRE-plus为单中心回顾性注册研究,入选2004年7月1日至2005年9月30日在北京安贞医院接受血管重建治疗的3632例患者,2006年9月1日到11月30日对患者进行电话或门诊随访。本研究入选DESIRE-plus中有体重指数(BMI)资料的病例2895例。将这些患者按BMI分为四组,BMI<20组(低体重组),BMI20～24.9组(正常体重组),BMI25～29.9(超重组)和BMI≥30(肥胖组),比较不同组别之间的临床情况和预后情况。不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中和再次血管重建。结果低体重组92例,正常体重组1106例,超重组1454例,肥胖组243例。平均随访542d,与正常体重的患者相比,在调整了其他因素后,低体重组总死亡风险最高(HR2.711,95%CI1.159～6.341),超重组(HR0.926,95%CI0.541～1.588)和肥胖组(HR0.151,95%CI0.019～1.178)的总死亡风险并未增加。BMI对总MACCE及心血管病死亡无显著影响。结论在进行血运重建的冠心病患者中,尽管超重和肥胖者相对体重正常者有更多的危险因素,但是接受血运重建治疗后的预后不比体重正常者差,而低体重者的死亡风险增加。     

体重指数对择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后全因死亡率的预测意义

目的探讨体重指数(BMI)对择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后全因死亡率的影响。方法入选2009年7月至2011年9月接受择期PCI的患者2964例,将患者分为体重正常组(BMI24.0 kg/m~2,810例)、超重组(24.0≤BMI28.0 kg/m~2,1454例)、肥胖组(BMI≥28 kg/m~2,700例)。比较各组患者临床特点及术后全因死亡率的差异。结果体重正常组患者年龄大于超重组[(60.1±10.2)岁比(59.2±10.3)岁]和肥胖组[(60.1±10.2)岁比(57.2±11.4)岁],超重组患者年龄大于肥胖组[(59.2±10.3)岁比(57.2±11.4)岁],差异均有统计学意义(均P0.017);体重正常组患者女性比例高于超重组(30.1%比21.9%),而肥胖组患者女性比例高于超重组(27.9%比21.9%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.017)。体重正常组患者高血压病、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、前降支近端病变比例等小于超重组和肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.017);肥胖组患者高血压病比例、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油均高于超重组患者,而估算的肾小球滤过率水平、双联抗血小板治疗比例均低于超重组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.017)。平均随访时间为(571.5±130.8)d,失访237例(8.0%),完成随访2727例(92.0%)。体重正常组患者死亡23例(2.8%),超重组死亡23例(1.6%),肥胖组死亡8例(1.1%),三组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。单因素分析显示,年龄、BMI、糖尿病、左心室射血分数、血红蛋白、估算的肾小球滤过率、空腹血糖、冠状动脉多支血管病变、PCI处理血管支数、完全血管血运重建是死亡的危险因素(均P0.05)。将单因素分析P0.2的变量纳入Cox回归多因素分析显示,与肥胖组患者比较,体重正常组患者术后死亡风险增高(HR 2.241,95%CI 1.154～4.350,P=0.017),超重组患者术后死亡风险差异无统计学意义(HR 1.908,95%CI 0.689～5.291,P=0.213)。结论在接受择期PCI的患者中,超重和肥胖患者预后好于体重正常患者。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.