不同钙离子通道阻滞剂联合叶酸治疗老年轻中度H型高血压的疗效比较

目的比较不同钙离子通道阻滞剂联合叶酸治疗老年轻中度H型(伴有高同型半胱氨酸血症)高血压的临床疗效。方法选择2011年1月—2016年1月在我院治疗的原发性Ⅰ级~Ⅱ级高血压病人165例,将所有病人随机分为苯磺酸氨氯地平组(n=55)、苯磺酸左氨氯地平组(n=55)及非洛地平缓释片组(n=55)。各组均联合叶酸治疗4周;监测血压,于试验开始前和治疗4周时测定所有病人血浆中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平,并进行比较。结果 3组治疗4周后与治疗前相比舒张压与收缩压均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);苯磺酸氨氯地平组病人较其他两组病人的收缩压明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3组病人经治疗4周后血浆Hcy及MDA水平明显下降,SOD水平明显升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);苯磺酸氨氯地平组血浆NO水平明显升高,ET-1水平明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);苯磺酸氨氯地平组与其他两组相比,血浆Hcy、ET-1及MDA水平显著下降,NO及SOD水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3种Ca~(2+)通道阻滞剂联合叶酸均可用于降低老年轻中度H型高血压病人的血压和血浆Hcy水平,但以苯磺酸氨氯地平联合叶酸的效果更为显著,临床上应优先选择使用。     

叶酸联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗H型高血压的疗效观察

目的探讨叶酸联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗H型高血压的疗效。方法选择H型高血压病患者60例作为研究对象,将其随机分为试验组(给予叶酸联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗)和对照组(给予叶酸联合马来酸依那普利治疗),各30例。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后3个月血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及疗效。结果治疗3个月后两组患者血压和Hcy下降明显,同一组内治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组患者疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论叶酸联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗H型高血压的疗效较好,与叶酸联合马来酸依那普利降压疗效相当。     

叶酸对老年高血压患者血浆Hcy及血管内皮功能的影响

将50例轻、中度老年高血压患者随机分为观察组（降压药＋叶酸治疗）及对照组（降压药治疗），分别采用免疫荧光法、亚硝酸盐法及放免法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、NO及内皮素1（ET-1）的水平。结果与治疗前及对照组比较，观察组治疗12周后，Hcy、ET-1下降，NO升高（P均〈0．01）；Hcy与ET-1呈正相关，与NO呈负相关（r=0．6518、-0．6090，P均〈0．05）。提示叶酸可能是通过降低Hcy而改善老年高血压患者的血管内皮功能。     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合叶酸治疗对老年H型高血压患者动脉硬化的影响

目的观察苯磺酸氨氯地平联合叶酸治疗对老年H型高血压患者动脉硬化的影响。方法选择50例老年H型高血压病患者,叶酸联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗,比较治疗前、治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后血压、血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平、臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、踝臂指数(ABI)、颈血管彩超测量颈动脉内膜厚度(cIMT)及尿微量白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)等指标,从而观察其对动脉硬化的影响。结果 3个月治疗后血压、Hcy水平均明显下降,6个月治疗后ABI升高,血压、Hcy、baPWV、cIMT、UACR均有明显下降,与治疗前、治疗3个月后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年H型高血压患者采用苯磺酸氨氯地平联合叶酸治疗不仅可以有效降压,还可以降低Hcy、UACR、baPWV水平,减轻cIMT,升高ABI,为延缓老年H型高血压患者的动脉硬化提供新的治疗方法。     

叶酸对高血压同型半胱氨酸水平和血压变异性的影响

目的：探讨原发性高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy ）水平与血压变异性（BPV ）的关系,以及叶酸对H型高血压患者血浆Hcy水平和BPV的影响。方法将血压已达标的高血压患者根据血浆Hcy水平分为高Hcy组和正常Hcy组,通过24小时动态血压监测获得两组的BPV。高Hcy组在继续服用降压药物的同时加用叶酸片5mg/d ,6个月后再次测定血Hcy水平和BPV。结果高Hcy组24hSBP-SD、dSBP-SD和nSBP-SD高于正常Hcy组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）;24hDBP-SD亦高于正常Hcy组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。服用叶酸6个月后高Hcy组血浆Hcy水平较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）,24hSBP-SD和dSBP-SD亦较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。6个月后高Hcy组24hSBP-SD和24hDBP-SD高于正常Hcy组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）;nSBP-SD亦高于正常Hcy组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论 H型高血压患者血压变异性增加,在降压治疗同时补充叶酸可改善BPV。     

老年收缩期高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸、NO、ET-1的变化及意义

目的探讨老年收缩期高血压（ISH）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、NO、ET-1水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取单纯收缩期高血压患者30例（ISH组）、双期高血压患者30例（DH组）和老年健康查体正常者25例（对照组）,测定其血浆Hcy、NO、ET-1水平。结果 ISH组血浆Hcy、ET-1均高于DH组、对照组,NO低于DH组、对照组;Hcy与NO呈负相关（r=-0.529,P〈0.01）,与ET-1呈正相关（r=0.576,P〈0.01）。结论 Hcy可能通过影响患者血浆NO、ET-1水平变化促进老年ISH的发生、发展。     

H型高血压患者基因型与叶酸补充治疗的相关性

目的探讨不同基因型H型高血压患者血压及血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平有无差异;在充分应用降压药物控制血压的同时给予叶酸补充治疗,观察治疗前后血浆Hcy及血压水平变化有无差异。方法通过Hcy检测确诊为H型高血压的患者166例入选。叶酸补充治疗前测定血浆Hcy水平,采集既往史、历史最高血压水平等,并行MTHFR(亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶)677C/T基因型检测,根据检测结果进行分组,为CC组(野生型)、CT组(杂合型)、TT组(突变型)。所有患者在原有降压方案的基础上加用叶酸片0.8 mg 1/日,3月后测定患者血浆Hcy及血压水平。结果 1MTHFR 677C/T基因型检测结果:其中CC型42例,占25.3%,CT型42例,占25.3%,TT型82例,占49.6%。2叶酸治疗前血浆Hcy水平比较:男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TT组高于CC组及CT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3历史最高血压水平比较:收缩压:CC组高于TT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间、CT组与TT组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);舒张压:3组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。4叶酸补充治疗前后血浆Hcy水平比较:3组患者治疗后血浆Hcy水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。5叶酸补充治疗前后血浆Hcy差值比较:TT组高于CC组及CT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CC组与CT组间差异无统计学意义。6叶酸补充治疗前后血压差值比较分析:收缩压:CC组高于TT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CC组与CT组之间、CT组与TT组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);舒张压:三组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 H型高血压患者基因型与血浆Hcy及历史最高血压水平部分存在差异性。叶酸补充治疗能够有效降低H型高血压患者血浆Hcy水平,并且对MTHFR 677C/T TT可能具有更好的降低Hcy的效果。降压药物联合叶酸补充治疗可能能够更有效地降低MTHFR 677C/T CC基因型H型高血压患者血压水平。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸对冠心病患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :探讨同型半胱氨酸 （Hcy）对冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血管内皮分泌功能的影响及可能机制。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法测定 5 7例冠状动脉粥样硬化患者和 40例健康体检者空腹血浆 Hcy水平 ,放射免疫法测定血浆内皮素 （ET） ,同时测定血浆一氧化氮 （NO）、丙二醛 （MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD）水平。结果 :1冠心病患者伴或不伴高同型半胱氨酸血症空腹血浆 Hcy,ET,MDA水平均高于健康对照组 ,NO,SOD水平则低于健康对照组。 2冠心病患者中 ,高 Hcy血症组 ET水平略高于非高 Hcy血症组 ,NO水平较非高 Hcy血症组低 ,两亚组间 MDA,SOD水平无明显差异。结论 :高 Hcy血症可促进冠心病患者血浆 ET水平增高 ,NO水平降低 ,加重血管内皮功能紊乱。本研究不支持 Hcy通过氧化应激抑制损伤人体血管内皮功能的假说。     

化痰祛瘀方治疗痰瘀夹杂证H型高血压的临床研究

目的观察化痰祛瘀方治疗中医辨证为痰瘀夹杂证H型高血压的临床疗效,并探讨其可能机制。方法纳入H型高血压(痰瘀夹杂证)病人60例,随机分为对照组(给予依那普利叶酸片治疗)和治疗组(给予化痰祛瘀方联合依那普利叶酸片治疗),各30例,两组连续治疗8周。观察并比较治疗前后两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平、血压等指标,并判定临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组血浆Hcy水平、收缩压及舒张压较治疗前降低(P0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组降压疗效和中医证候总有效率均优于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组血浆NO水平升高(P0.05),ET-1水平降低(P0.05)。结论化痰祛瘀方联合依那普利叶酸片治疗H型高血压(痰瘀夹杂证)血浆Hcy和血压值均明显下降,同时升高血浆NO水平,降低ET-1水平,提示中药可改善血管内皮功能。     

依那普利叶酸对H型高血压患者Hcy水平和心脑血管事件发生的影响

目的探讨依那普利叶酸对H型高血压患者Hcy水平和心脑血管事件发生的影响。方法将250例H型高血压患者按自愿和经济条件分为观察组128例和对照组122例,观察组患者口服依那普利叶酸治疗,对照组患者口服苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗。两组患者均给予健康教育,要求其践行健康的生活方式,疗程2年,治疗结束后随访1年。观察比较两组患者血浆Hcy和血压水平的变化,心脑血管事件的发生率和存活率以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗1、2年后,观察组患者血浆Hcy水平显著降低,且显著低于对照组(P0.01);两组患者血压水平显著降低(P0.05),但两组患者血压水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者心脑血管事件发生率(4.7%)显著低于对照组(13.9%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组存活率(100.0%)显著高于对照组(95.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用依那普利叶酸治疗H型高血压患者,可取得满意的降血压和降Hcy水平双重效果,安全性好,能显著降低心脑血管事件的发生率,改善患者的预后。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。