主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法:3例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉(迷走左锁骨下动脉型)合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者经胸部右后外切口行胸降主动脉置换术、迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术。结果:3例患者均痊愈出院,住院天数7～10 d,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症。结论:主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸降主动脉置换术方法可行,临床疗效满意,术中判断后行迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术,可简化手术方式,但应避免术后左上肢缺血坏死。     

孙氏手术治疗合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的主动脉疾病初步经验

目的:总结孙氏手术治疗合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的A型主动脉夹层和主动脉弓部动脉瘤的初步经验。方法:对北京安贞医院心脏大血管外科,2010年8月至2017年8月,孙氏手术治疗的所有合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的A型主动脉夹层和主动脉弓部动脉瘤患者进行资料收集和随访。结果:共有22例患者纳入本研究,其中男性19例,女性3例,平均年龄45. 95岁。住院期间死亡3例,其中低心排出量综合征2例,大面积脑梗死1例。近期并发症包括急性肾衰竭1例,鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染1例,二次开胸止血1例,术中支架人工血管远端漏行介入覆膜支架封堵1例,胸骨哆开行清创术1例。随访期间死亡2例,其中不明原因死亡1例,充血性心力衰竭1例。结论:孙氏手术中采用股动脉插管建立体外循环、单侧颈总动脉插管进行选择性脑灌注、气管旁结扎迷走右锁骨下动脉主干治疗合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的A型主动脉夹层和主动脉弓部动脉瘤,可以取得较好的治疗效果。     

右位主动脉弓伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的手术治疗

目的:总结右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验.方法:4例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者,经右后外侧切口,分别行部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换术或部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换加远端胸降主动脉成形术,并根据迷走左锁骨下动脉在头部及上肢血供中起的作用大小,重建左锁骨下动脉或缝闭其开口.结果:所有患者均痊愈出院,无头部及左上肢缺血症状,无神经系统并发症.结论:右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层采用右后外侧切口可获得良好的显露,根据降主动脉扩张范围行部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换术或部分胸降主动脉切除人工血管替换加远端胸降主动脉成形术可获得良好效果,迷走左锁骨下动脉的适当处理是避免左上肢坏死及锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的关键.     

迷走右锁骨下动脉误诊为食管癌5例报道

<正>迷走右锁骨下动脉(aberrant right subclavian artery,ARSA)又称异位锁骨下动脉,正常的右锁骨下动脉是头臂干的重要分支,而异常的右锁骨下动脉称为迷走,是因为它异常地起源于右锁骨下动脉起始部后方的主动脉弓或降主动脉上:是较常见的主动脉弓变异[1];发病率约在1/200[2]。多数患者无临床症     

合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层的治疗体验

目的:总结术中支架人工血管植入术或胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层的初步经验。方法:2010年8月至2017年8月,我中心共收治合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层17例,其中术中支架人工血管植入术7例,胸主动脉腔内修复术10例。结果:术中支架组和腔内修复组均无患者围术期死亡。术中支架组有1例患者术后7d发生胸骨哆开行清创术。腔内修复组无围术期并发症。术中支架组随访13~85个月,平均(54.86±27.01)个月,腔内修复组随访(12~89)个月,平均(51.10±24.71)个月。随访期间两组无死亡病例。结论:合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层应根据不同的解剖特点和合并病变,选择术中支架人工血管植入术或胸主动脉腔内修复术。     

手术治疗右位主动脉弓及降主动脉伴DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层一例

右位主动脉弓及降主动脉 (右弓右降 )伴 De Bakey 型主动脉夹层极为罕见。我院于 1998年 5月收治 1例 ,现报道如下 :1　临床资料　　患者男性 ,42岁 ,因阵发性胸背部疼痛 7年 ,加重半年入院。超高速计算机断层摄影术 (UFCT)提示 :主动脉弓及降主动脉位于脊柱右侧 ,明显迂曲扩张 ,可见内膜片和低密度血栓 ,左锁骨下动脉起自胸降主动脉 (图 1)。入院诊断 :主动脉右弓右降 ,迷走左锁骨下动脉 ,De Bakey 型主动脉夹层。　　在全麻、深低温停循环和低流量脑灌注下行主动脉夹层切除、人工血管移植和迷走左锁骨下动脉开口闭合术。右后外切口 …     

右弓右降伴KommereⅡ憩室诊断、分型及治疗

右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴Kommere Ⅱ憩室／动脉瘤较为少见,动脉瘤容易发生夹层、破裂而死亡。国外有个案和文献报道,国内仅有少数个案报道。作者曾报道1例复杂的Ⅱ型右弓右降伴Kommere Ⅱ憩室,弓降部动脉瘤形成伴迷走左锁骨下动脉,     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病并Ⅱ型右弓右降伴Kommerell憩室壁内血肿一例

右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩窜/动脉瘤较为少见,动脉瘤容易发生夹层、破裂而死亡.肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是以心肌肥厚、心肌纤维排列紊乱为特征的一组临床表现,猝死发生率较高.我院高血压诊治中心于2007年10月收治一例同时患有肥厚型梗阻性心肌病、右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉伴Kommerell憩室合并壁内血肿患者,目前国内外文献均未见报道.     

主动脉夹层合并右迷走锁骨下动脉1例

<正>病例资料:患者男性,49岁,因腹痛1d、加重1h入我院消化科,查体:腹软,无压痛及反跳痛,在消化科诊断为腹痛原因待查,给予抑酸补液治疗,患者症状不明显,行上腹部CT检查,提示左侧胸腔积液,再行胸部CT血管造影(CTA)检查(图A~C)提示:左侧大量胸腔积液,纵隔血肿,主动脉弓及降主动脉可见真假腔,并可见一根血管发自于左侧锁骨下动脉起始部之后主动脉弓后壁,向右上后方走行于食管前方,考虑Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并右迷走锁骨下动脉,转     

3D打印在B型复杂型主动脉夹层治疗中的应用进展

主动脉夹层起病凶险,进展迅速,发病早期自然死亡率极高。传统开放手术方式治疗主动脉夹层,效果明确,但创伤巨大,围术期并发症发生率较高。近些年胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)广泛用于主动脉夹层的治疗,手术创伤及围术期病死率明显下降[1]。但部分复杂病例的TEVAR,比如部位复杂(累及主动脉弓及弓上分支)和形态学复杂(短瘤颈、弓型不佳、迷走锁骨下、右弓右降).     

Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stent grafting of type B dissection

Acute aortic dissection is a disease with high mortality. Whereas acute dissection of the ascending aorta (Standford type A) is treated surgically, acute dissection of Stanford type B (descending aorta) is principally treated conservatively, but surgically in case of complications. Recently, another therapeutical option for the treatment of type B dissection has been developed using endovascular stent-grafts. We report on a 64-year-old woman with typical signs of acute aortic dissection. Computer tomography and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated Stanford type B dissection. The patient was treated with an endovascular stent-graft, because of malperfusion of the right leg and chest pain. After successful closure of the entry by the stent, the patient developed acute right-sided hemiplegia one day after the intervention due to retrograde dissection into the aortic arch and ascending aorta. Upon immediate operation, the origin of the initially type B dissection was still sufficiently occluded by the endovascular stent-graft; however, there was another entry between the innominate artery and the left carotic artery near one proximal end of the stent's strut. Using deep hypothermia and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, the ascending aorta and proximal arch were replaced with a 28 mm Dacron-Velour tube and the aortic root was remodelled with a tongue-shaped Dacron graft preserving the valve cusps according to a modified Yacoub procedure. After the operation, neurological symptoms diminished and the patient could walk on the ward on day eleven. This case demonstrates retrograde type A dissection as a complication after interventional treatment of type B dissection using an endovascular stent-graft. The reason for this delayed complication is speculative. Aortic wall damage during stent inserting could be a possible cause. It is also likely that the patient initially had type B dissection with retrograde dissection of the distal part of the aortic arch. Therefore, one of the straight struts of the proximal end of the stent may have caused additional damage to the vulnerable dissected aortic wall in the arch, leading to retrograde type A dissection. Careful patient selection, detailed diagnosis of the aortic arch, improved stent designs and materials, especially regarding the stent's ends and careful insertion of the stent into the aortic arch, could contribute to prevention of the described problems.     

Stenting for acute aortic dissection with malperfusion as "bridge therapy"

The most common treatment of acute type A aortic dissection is immediate surgical repair. However, early surgery for acute dissections with peripheral vascular compromise carries a high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case in which we placed percutaneous endovascular stents in a type A dissection patient before proceeding with proximal aortic repair. Bare-metal stents were placed into the obliterated true channel of the abdominal aorta and the left external iliac artery. Endovascular stenting immediately relieved the lower-left-extremity ischemic symptoms, and the patient underwent hemi-arch replacement 7 days after the procedure. Stent placement for patients who have acute aortic dissection with malperfusion can be used as "bridge therapy."     

Case Report of an Endovascular Repair of a Residual Type A Dissection Using a Not CE Not FDA-Approved Najuta Thoracic Stent Graft System

This report describes an endovascular repair of a residual type A dissection using a medical device that is not marked by european conformity (CE) or Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The patient underwent ascending aortic surgery for acute type A dissection. The 2-year angio–computed tomography demonstrated patency of the residual false lumen with evolution into a 6 cm aneurysm, the extension of the dissection from the aortic arch to the aortic bifurcation with thrombosis of the right common iliac artery. There was no CE- or FDA-marked medical device indicated for this case or any other acceptable therapeutic alternative.We used the Najuta thoracic stent graft and successfully handled the pathology in a multiple-phase treatment.Technology is evolving with specific grafts for the ascending and fenestrated grafts for the aortic arch. In this single case the Najuta endograft, in spite of the periprocedural problems, was a valid therapeutic option.     

Paraplegie nach akutem Thoraxschmerz

Severe neurological complications such as spinal cord ischemia and paraplegia can occur with acute aortic dissection in 3%. This report describes the case of a 67-year old patient with delayed onset of paraplegia 8 h after acute chest pain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography documented Stanford type B dissection confined to a short segment of the aorta. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging revealed intraspinal intraaxial hematoma of the myelon, which can explain the neurological complication. This case shows that even in the scenario of acute aortic dissection other mechanisms for paraplegia may be operational than dissection itself. Paraplegia in this case results from intramyelon bleeding preceding aortic dissection.     

Delayed onset of amaurosis fugax in a patient with type A aortic dissection post surgical repair

Stroke is an important complication for the surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection and it occurs immediately post operation. Many surgical techniques such as deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion have been reported to ameliorate this complication. We report here a male Taiwanese patient with type A aortic dissection involving the arch who underwent surgical repair. Amaurosis fugax appeared on the 4th day post operation. Funduscopic findings demonstrated multi focal embolization and carotid sonography revealed normal carotid arteries. The symptoms and signs improved after anticoagulation therapy. This is a rare case of delayed onset of amaurosis fugax in a patient with type A aortic dissection post surgical repair. The thromboemboli might have originated from the internal surface of the sawing area.     

Rapid progression of discrete type A intramural hematoma: prevention of a "procedure-related" complication by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

PURPOSE: To report a case illustrating the utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before planned stent-graft placement for chronic type B aortic dissection. CASE REPORT: A 64-year-old man with acute aortic syndrome and an 8-year-old interposition graft in the distal aortic arch for acute type B dissection was referred for dissection of the descending thoracic aorta down to the aortic bifurcation; the false lumen was dilated to 65 mm and was partially thrombosed. The ascending aorta showed discrete, eccentric, 4-mm wall thickening that was not considered clinically significant. Stent-graft closure of the entry tear in the proximal descending thoracic aorta was elected. However, as the endovascular procedure was about to commence, TEE showed striking eccentric thickening of the aortic wall of up to 18 mm. The endovascular procedure was stopped, as it was decided to urgently replace the ascending aorta. The next day, the patient underwent successful ascending aortic replacement and simultaneous antegrade stent-graft implantation over the descending thoracic aortic entry tear via the open aortic arch. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, and the patient was discharged 19 days after surgery. He remains well at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates that dissection of the ascending aorta may occur not only due to endograft-induced intimal injury, but may also occur due to underlying but undiagnosed or underestimated disease of the ascending aorta or arch. Besides procedural guidance, intraoperative TEE is a useful tool to detect such disease to avoid subsequent "procedure-related" complications.     

New classification of aortic dissection with reference to a case report.

The authors present a case report of a patient who was diagnosed with aortic dissection during a hemodynamic exam following acute myocardial infarction. With reference to this case, the European Society of Cardiology's latest classification of aortic dissection, published in 2001, is also presented. The patient had the usual risk factors described for aortic dissection, which are simultaneously those for coronary disease. The patient reported an isolated episode in the past of retrosternal pain, radiating to the back, which may have been caused by the aortic dissection. Since then he had been asymptomatic. Four years later, the patient was admitted to hospital following an anteroseptal acute myocardial infarction; fibrinolysis was contraindicated due to recent episodes of rectal bleeding and the patient underwent hemodynamic study (coronary angiography). Due to difficulties in manipulating the guide wire during this exam, aortography was performed, which showed aneurysm and Stanford type B aortic dissection of the thoracic aorta. During hospitalization, a thoracic-abdominal CT scan was performed, which confirmed chronic type B aortic dissection (with intraluminal thrombi). The authors present their reasons for considering this case to be Class 4 according to the new sub-types/classes of aortic dissection of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Class 1--Classical aortic dissection Class 2--Intramural hematoma/hemorrhage Class 3--Subtle/discrete aortic dissection Class 4--Plaque rupture/ulceration Class 5--Iatrogenic/traumatic aortic dissection. The authors consider this case to be of interest because of its rarity, the risk that fibrinolysis could have represented, and its categorization according to the latest classification of aortic dissection by the ESC.     

Aortic dissection and elevated D-dimers--an important clinical link

A 73-year-old woman with previous coronary artery bypass grafting presented with acute pleuritic type chest pain, decreased oxygen saturations and markedly elevated D-dimers. Acute pulmonary embolism was suspected and because of hypotension an emergency transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to assess pulmonary hypertension. This revealed an acute type A aortic dissection. This case highlights the importance of transthoracic echocardiography as a simple noninvasive tool in the evaluation of chest pain. It also highlights more importantly the relationship of acute aortic dissection and elevated D-dimers which is of tremendous significance to the practising clinician when it comes to patient care and safety.     

Aortic dissection and multimodality imaging

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening emergency warranting expeditious diagnosis. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is the established gold standard test but is not always fool proof. We report the case of an 18-year-old male patient with traumatic type A aortic dissection which was not evident on the CTA, suggestive on the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and eventually confirmed with a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). When the clinical suspicion for dissection is high and in the presence of complications of type A dissection, such as aortic regurgitation, it would be prudent to obtain further imaging with a TTE/TEE to rule in or rule out the diagnosis.