比较远程心电监测与心电图、动态心电图在心律失常及心肌缺血中的诊断价值

目的探讨远程心电监测诊断心律失常、心肌缺血的临床价值。方法采用远程心电监测检查78例明确诊断为心脏病或存在心脏不适的患者,所有患者同时行常规12导联心电图检查,其中42例患者行24h动态心电图检查。比较远程心电监测与常规心电图及24h动态心电图在心律失常及缺血性ST-T改变检出率方面的差异。结果 78例患者中,远程心电监测及常规心电图分别检出62例、46例心律失常患者(P<0.05),同时分别检出14例、6例患者心电图存在缺血性ST-T改变(P<0.05);在完善24h动态心电图检查的42例患者中,远程心电监测与24h动态心电图分别检出34例、30例心律失常患者(P>0.05),同时分别检出10例、7例心电图有缺血性ST-T改变的患者(P>0.05)。结论远程监测无论在心律失常还是缺血性ST-T改变的检出率均高于常规心电图组;远程监测对心律失常及缺血性ST-T改变的检出率与24h动态心电图无显著差异。     

心电图心律失常的动态改变在急性胃肠炎诊治中重要性

目的：探究心电图的动态改变在急性胃肠炎诊治中的重要性。方法选取我院2013年1月至2014年1月急性胃肠炎患者140例,随机分为两组,各70例,观察组进行24h 动态心电图监测,对照组进行心电图常规检查,比较两组的心律失常及心肌缺血阳性检出率及异常情况。结果观察组的心律失常及 ST-T 段改变检出阳性率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;40岁以上伴有中度以上脱水者心律失常及 ST-T 段改变检出率显著高于40岁以下组（P〈0.05）。结论急性胃肠炎患者进行24h 动态心电图监测对于患者是否伴有心律失常及 ST-T 段改变的预测更加准确,40岁以上中重度脱水患者需加强心电动态监护。     

动态心电图在老年冠心病心律失常及冠状动脉病变诊断中的临床价值研究

目的 探究老年冠心病患者的心律失常动态心电图(DCG)特征，分析DCG对心律失常、冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法 选择2019年1月—2021年2月成都市第三人民医院收治的120例老年冠心病患者作为研究对象，所有患者均行常规心电图(ECG)、 DCG及冠状动脉造影检查，分析ECG、 DCG对患者心律失常的检出率，以冠状动脉造影检查结果作为金标准，分析2种方式诊断冠状动脉病变的价值。结果 DCG及ECG检出心律失常人数分别为120例(100.00%)及28例(23.33%), 2种方式对心律失常总体检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); DCG对房性心律失常、室性心律失常、交界性心律失常及窦缓、窦性停搏的检出率均显著高于ECG检查(P<0.05); 2种方式对传导阻滞的检出率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05); DCG及ECG对冠心病冠脉狭窄的检出率分别为79.17%、 50.83%,两者检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DCG对老年冠心病患者各类心律失常均有较高的检出价值，可提高冠状动脉狭窄的诊断率，有较高的临床应用价值。     

202例动态心电图与同期普通心电图的比较

目的将202例晕厥患者动态心电图与同期普通心电图进行研究分析。方法入院后结合病史、体征、胸片、多普勒超声心动图、脑电图等辅检查。结果 Holter发现心律失常174例（86%）,普通心电图仅发现心律失常75例（37%）。晕厥患者动态心电图和普通心电图对比心律失常检出率比较,动态心电图对晕厥的原因的检测明显优于普通心电图。结论不明原因晕厥的发作与心律失常有关,快速对病人进行Holter检查对不明原因晕厥的病因诊断仍然是一种有价值的工具。     

452例心悸者动态心电图分析

目的观察452例心悸者的动态心电图（DCG）变化,探讨心悸与心律失常及心肌缺血之间的关系。方法 452例者均做过3次以上常规心电图（ECG）,采用12导联DCG监测系统记录24h心电活动。结果 452例DCG检出心律失常者405例（89.6%）,ECG检出心律失常者186例（41.2%）,DCG检出心肌缺血者87例（19.2%）,ECG检出心肌缺血者20例（4.4%）。结论心悸者可能存在心律失常或心肌缺血,DCG可作为首选的无创性检查方法,为临床诊断治疗和康复提供依据。     

动态心电图与常规心电图诊断冠心病心律失常的临床分析

目的探讨冠心病心律失常诊断中动态和常规心电图中的应用比较。方法选取我院2012年7月至2014年9月间收治的冠心病心律失常患者86例,所有患者均行常规心电图和动态心电图检查,比较两种方法阳性检出率及诊断结果。结果动态和常规心电图对冠心病心律失常的阳性检出率分别为58.14%和51.16%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;动态心电图短阵室上速,房性早搏二、三联律和室性早搏二、三联律,以及室性早搏成对和房性早搏成对等的检出率明显高于常规心电图（P〈0.05）;患者心率6：00~12：00较高,0：00~6：00较低。结论动态心电图诊断冠心病患者心律失常可获得的检出率,且能够一定程度上评估患者的心律失常严重程度,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

探讨动态心电图与常规心电图诊断冠心病患者心肌缺血及心律失常的临床效果

目的讨论冠心病患者心肌缺血及心律失常检查阶段,动态及常规心电图的应用价值。方法选择我院近期接诊收治的40例冠心病患者作为研究对象,实施动态心电图与常规心电图检查,对比两种检查方式的心肌缺血及心律失常检出率。结果动态心电图心肌缺血检出阳性率为92.5%(37例),常规心电图心肌缺血检出阳性率为62.5%(25例),动态心电图心肌缺血检出阳性率更高(P<0.05);动态心电图心率失常指标检出率高于常规心电图(P<0.05)。结论在冠心病患者在其临床检查阶段,选择动态心电图检查方式,能够保障心肌缺血、心率失常诊断精准性,提升检查结果的可靠性。     

糖尿病并发微血管病变患者心电图分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)并发微血管病变患者异常心电图(ECG)检出率和ECG异常类型,探讨ECG对T2DM患者并发微血管病变时心脏损害的临床诊断价值.方法 选择T2DM未并发微血管病变(对照组)患者和T2DM并发微血管病变(观察组)患者各110例.对每例患者ECG表现进行比较分析.结果 对照组患者ECG异常39例,异常检出率35.45％;观察组患者ECG异常98例,异常检出率89.09％;两组ECG异常检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组ECG异常类型均以ST-T改变最为常见,其次为心律失常,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 T2DM并发微血管病变患者ECG异常检出率高于未并发微血管病变患者.临床应定期对T2DM进行ECG检查,并动态观察分析,及时发现T2DM并发微血管病变时心脏损害,对预防和早期治疗糖尿病并发冠心病和糖尿病心肌病(DCM)有重要意义.     

十二导联动态心电图诊断冠心病心律失常的价值

目的 分析十二导联动态心电图和常规心电图在临床诊断冠心病（CHD）心律失常中的应用价值。方法 选取我院2020年5月至2022年5月收治的90例CHD患者的临床资料,患者分别接受冠脉造影、常规心电图与十二导联动态心电图检查。以冠脉造影为“金标准”,比较常规心电图与十二导联动态心电图诊断冠心病心律失常的敏感度、特异度、准确性及检测冠心病心律失常的类型及心电图参数间的差异。结果 两组敏感度、特异度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,十二导联动态心电图诊断准确性高于常规心电图,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;十二导联动态心电图检出室性早搏、房性早搏、短阵性室性早搏、短阵性房性早搏占比高于常规心电图（P<0.05）,两组房室传导阻滞、心房颤动、左束支传导阻滞、右束支传导阻滞检出率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;十二导联动态心电图与常规心电图检出早发性、二三联律及成对室性心律失常、房性心律失常比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;十二导联动态心电图测出HR值高于常规心电图,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组P波、T波、PR、QRS、QT比较...     

NS-SP-A-01贴附式超长时程动态心电图记录仪的应用价值

目的探讨NS-SP-A-01贴附式超长时程动态心电图记录仪在心血管疾病中的应用价值,对比24h动态心电图(Holter)的心电图质量:包括记录的实际有效时长百分比,发生干扰的时长,不可读心电图记录时长,探讨患者的医从性及使用后额外检出心律失常事件数。方法选取患者21例,行NS-SP-A-01贴附式超长时程动态心电图检查,并在此期间行24h动态心电图(Holter)检查,对比其在心律失常上的检出率及安全性、便携性、舒适性/额外心律失常检出率。结果 NS-SP-A-01记录仪在心律失常不良事件(大于3s的长间歇)检出患者5例,而Holter在大于3s的长间歇检出患者0例。NS-SP-A-01记录仪检查总时长(359.6±21.3)h,有效时长(305.1±29.3)h,有效时长百分比(84.8±5.9)%,Holter检查总时长(21.7±0.8)h,有效时长(21.1±1.7)h,有效时长百分比(92.2±6.4)%。NS-SP-A-01记录仪记录的心电信号图像清晰,患者佩戴无不适,医从性良好。结论 NS-SP-A-01贴附式超长时程动态心电图操作方便、合理、安全、有效、心律失常检出率高。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.